The application of forestry principles to the design, execution and evaluation of mangrove restor... more The application of forestry principles to the design, execution and evaluation of mangrove restoration projects
Increasing importation of mercury for use in gold refining operations prompted the New South Wale... more Increasing importation of mercury for use in gold refining operations prompted the New South Wales government in 1900 to offer a reward for its production from ore raised within the colony. One early attempt to claim the reward was made at Pulganbar, in the Clarence River district. The ruins of this rare mineral processing activity are extant. The mode of operation of the original plant, which functioned for about four years from 1913, is interpreted mainly from historical records, supported by the study of its physical remains. It included a reverberatory furnace for roasting the mercury ore, a series of water-cooled chambers in which the gaseous mercury was condensed, a long flue and a chimney stack. Although the mainly brick ruins are afforded some level of protection by their inclusion on the heritage schedule of the relevant Local Environmental Plan, they are threatened by wandering livestock and uncontrolled growth of vegetation.
John Alexander (Jack) Foyster (1893-1988), mineral sands mining entrepreneur and horse-racing ent... more John Alexander (Jack) Foyster (1893-1988), mineral sands mining entrepreneur and horse-racing enthusiast, was born on 26 November 1893 at Mullamuddy, near Mudgee, New South Wales, fifth, and second surviving, of eight children of William Alfred Foyster, dairyman and former schoolteacher, and his wife Margaret, nee McLeod, both born in New South Wales. In 1906 the Foyster family moved to Myrtle Creek, in the Richmond River district, and in 1913 to Crabbes Creek, in the Tweed River district. Jack later grew sugar cane and grazed cattle, and worked in Sydney for a time as a hairdresser. On 16 June 1928 at St John’s Church of England, Darlinghurst, he married 17-year-old Olga May Easterbrook. They had four sons. Travelling periodically to Canadian Lead, near Gulgong, to mine for gold, he acquired a knowledge of mining techniques.
In the Australian colonies and in New Zealand, British colonization was followed by the developme... more In the Australian colonies and in New Zealand, British colonization was followed by the development of a flourishing brewing industry. Brewery numbers peaked in each colony in the late nineteenth century. The industry contracted subsequently to a small number of dominant cities, achieving high levels of concentration by the early twentieth century. One significant factor promoting concentration was the beer excise, introduced in each colony in the late nineteenth century. When six colonies combined in 1901 to create the Commonwealth of Australia, the federal government took responsibility for taxation of beer production, adopting a uniform excise rate and applying harsher administrative requirements that affected smaller breweries disproportionately. The operation of the beer excise in each of the Australian colonies (New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, and Queensland) and in New Zealand, and the later uniform federal tax in Australia, are consid...
The relationship between national parks and private ecotourism operations is often a contentious ... more The relationship between national parks and private ecotourism operations is often a contentious one. This paper examines the history of the seventy year partnership between Lamington National Park and Binna Burra Mountain Lodge in Queensland, and explores its wider contributions to natural area conservation. Lamington National Park, situated in the McPherson Range in southern Queensland, was established in 1915. It was the second large national park to be created in that state. Binna Burra Mountain Lodge, a private resort on freehold land adjacent to the national park, began operation in 1933. The subsequent relationship between lodge and national park has been a fruitful one, fostering scientific research into the area’s sub-tropical rainforest and other plant communities, and contributing to the conservation of these natural ecosystems and others farther away.
Des programmes de reboisement de la mangrove sont realises aujourd'hui dans de nombreux pays ... more Des programmes de reboisement de la mangrove sont realises aujourd'hui dans de nombreux pays du monde, que ce soit pour des raisons economiques (production de bois d'oeuvre, developpement de la peche), ecologiques (protection et stabilisation des littoraux et des canaux cotiers, restauration et protection des ecosystemes et de la vie sauvage) ou politiques (evolution des legislations, developpement social). La definition precise des objectifs et des priorites de chacun de ces programmes est essentielle pour assurer leur bon deroulement et leur evaluation. L'application d'une gestion forestiere saine, a toutes les etapes de leur realisation, est aussi la clef de leur reussite : du controle des caracteristiques genetiques des plants a l'application raisonnee des techniques de macro-ou micro-propagation, de l'adequation entre choix des especes et caracteristiques ecologiques des sites au suivi de la densite des plantations et a l'evaluation des resultats.
The custom of allowing British seamen the regular use of fermented liquor is an old one. Ale was ... more The custom of allowing British seamen the regular use of fermented liquor is an old one. Ale was a standard article of the sea ration as early as the fourteenth century. By the late eighteenth century, beer was considered to be at once a food (a staple beverage and essential part of the sea diet), a luxury (helping to ameliorate the hardship and irregularity of sea life) and a medicine (conducive to health at sea). In particular, beer and its precursors, wort and malt, were administered with the aim of preventing and curing scurvy. This paper examines the use of malt and beer during late eighteenth century British sea voyages, particularly their use as antiscorbutic agents, focusing on James Cook's three voyages during the period 1768-1780. Cook administered sweet wort (an infusion of malt), beer (prepared from an experimental, concentrated malt extract), and spruce beer (prepared mainly from molasses), among many other items, in his attempts to prevent and to cure scurvy. Despi...
ABSTRACT More than four decades ago, the architectural historian J. M. Freeland (1920-1983) decla... more ABSTRACT More than four decades ago, the architectural historian J. M. Freeland (1920-1983) declared the pub to be ‘one of the most socially significant, historically valuable, architecturally interesting, and colourful features of Australian society’. This study is underpinned by the same sentiment, although it has neither the ambitious nation-wide geographical scope nor the architectural focus of Freeland’s The Australian Pub. The pub—the licensed public house —is used here as a vehicle to explore the history of a small part of northern New South Wales. In a way, then, The Gold Digger’s Arms is a local history, but with a difference— that being its preoccupation with the ‘socially significant, historically valuable, architecturally interesting, and colourful’ pub. It is at once a history of the Upper Clarence River district of New South Wales, and the story of its pubs. Especially, it explains their comings and goings by reference to the wider history of the district, and to the intricacies of the state-wide liquor licensing system.
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Feb 1, 2003
The custom of allowing British seamen the regular use of fermented liquor is an old one. Ale was ... more The custom of allowing British seamen the regular use of fermented liquor is an old one. Ale was a standard article of the sea ration as early as the fourteenth century. By the late eighteenth century, beer was considered to be at once a food (a staple beverage and essential part of the sea diet), a luxury (helping to ameliorate the hardship and irregularity of sea life) and a medicine (conducive to health at sea). In particular, beer and its precursors, wort and malt, were administered with the aim of preventing and curing scurvy. This paper examines the use of malt and beer during late eighteenth century British sea voyages, particularly their use as antiscorbutic agents, focusing on James Cook's three voyages during the period 1768-1780. Cook administered sweet wort (an infusion of malt), beer (prepared from an experimental, concentrated malt extract), and spruce beer (prepared mainly from molasses), among many other items, in his attempts to prevent and to cure scurvy. Despite the inconclusive nature of his own experiments, he reported favourably after his second voyage (1772-1775) on the use of wort as an antiscorbutic sea medicine (for which purpose it is now known to be useless). Cook thereby lent credibility to erroneous medical theories about scurvy, helping to perpetuate the use of ineffective treatments and to delay the discovery of a cure for the disorder.
The application of forestry principles to the design, execution and evaluation of mangrove restor... more The application of forestry principles to the design, execution and evaluation of mangrove restoration projects
Increasing importation of mercury for use in gold refining operations prompted the New South Wale... more Increasing importation of mercury for use in gold refining operations prompted the New South Wales government in 1900 to offer a reward for its production from ore raised within the colony. One early attempt to claim the reward was made at Pulganbar, in the Clarence River district. The ruins of this rare mineral processing activity are extant. The mode of operation of the original plant, which functioned for about four years from 1913, is interpreted mainly from historical records, supported by the study of its physical remains. It included a reverberatory furnace for roasting the mercury ore, a series of water-cooled chambers in which the gaseous mercury was condensed, a long flue and a chimney stack. Although the mainly brick ruins are afforded some level of protection by their inclusion on the heritage schedule of the relevant Local Environmental Plan, they are threatened by wandering livestock and uncontrolled growth of vegetation.
John Alexander (Jack) Foyster (1893-1988), mineral sands mining entrepreneur and horse-racing ent... more John Alexander (Jack) Foyster (1893-1988), mineral sands mining entrepreneur and horse-racing enthusiast, was born on 26 November 1893 at Mullamuddy, near Mudgee, New South Wales, fifth, and second surviving, of eight children of William Alfred Foyster, dairyman and former schoolteacher, and his wife Margaret, nee McLeod, both born in New South Wales. In 1906 the Foyster family moved to Myrtle Creek, in the Richmond River district, and in 1913 to Crabbes Creek, in the Tweed River district. Jack later grew sugar cane and grazed cattle, and worked in Sydney for a time as a hairdresser. On 16 June 1928 at St John’s Church of England, Darlinghurst, he married 17-year-old Olga May Easterbrook. They had four sons. Travelling periodically to Canadian Lead, near Gulgong, to mine for gold, he acquired a knowledge of mining techniques.
In the Australian colonies and in New Zealand, British colonization was followed by the developme... more In the Australian colonies and in New Zealand, British colonization was followed by the development of a flourishing brewing industry. Brewery numbers peaked in each colony in the late nineteenth century. The industry contracted subsequently to a small number of dominant cities, achieving high levels of concentration by the early twentieth century. One significant factor promoting concentration was the beer excise, introduced in each colony in the late nineteenth century. When six colonies combined in 1901 to create the Commonwealth of Australia, the federal government took responsibility for taxation of beer production, adopting a uniform excise rate and applying harsher administrative requirements that affected smaller breweries disproportionately. The operation of the beer excise in each of the Australian colonies (New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, and Queensland) and in New Zealand, and the later uniform federal tax in Australia, are consid...
The relationship between national parks and private ecotourism operations is often a contentious ... more The relationship between national parks and private ecotourism operations is often a contentious one. This paper examines the history of the seventy year partnership between Lamington National Park and Binna Burra Mountain Lodge in Queensland, and explores its wider contributions to natural area conservation. Lamington National Park, situated in the McPherson Range in southern Queensland, was established in 1915. It was the second large national park to be created in that state. Binna Burra Mountain Lodge, a private resort on freehold land adjacent to the national park, began operation in 1933. The subsequent relationship between lodge and national park has been a fruitful one, fostering scientific research into the area’s sub-tropical rainforest and other plant communities, and contributing to the conservation of these natural ecosystems and others farther away.
Des programmes de reboisement de la mangrove sont realises aujourd'hui dans de nombreux pays ... more Des programmes de reboisement de la mangrove sont realises aujourd'hui dans de nombreux pays du monde, que ce soit pour des raisons economiques (production de bois d'oeuvre, developpement de la peche), ecologiques (protection et stabilisation des littoraux et des canaux cotiers, restauration et protection des ecosystemes et de la vie sauvage) ou politiques (evolution des legislations, developpement social). La definition precise des objectifs et des priorites de chacun de ces programmes est essentielle pour assurer leur bon deroulement et leur evaluation. L'application d'une gestion forestiere saine, a toutes les etapes de leur realisation, est aussi la clef de leur reussite : du controle des caracteristiques genetiques des plants a l'application raisonnee des techniques de macro-ou micro-propagation, de l'adequation entre choix des especes et caracteristiques ecologiques des sites au suivi de la densite des plantations et a l'evaluation des resultats.
The custom of allowing British seamen the regular use of fermented liquor is an old one. Ale was ... more The custom of allowing British seamen the regular use of fermented liquor is an old one. Ale was a standard article of the sea ration as early as the fourteenth century. By the late eighteenth century, beer was considered to be at once a food (a staple beverage and essential part of the sea diet), a luxury (helping to ameliorate the hardship and irregularity of sea life) and a medicine (conducive to health at sea). In particular, beer and its precursors, wort and malt, were administered with the aim of preventing and curing scurvy. This paper examines the use of malt and beer during late eighteenth century British sea voyages, particularly their use as antiscorbutic agents, focusing on James Cook's three voyages during the period 1768-1780. Cook administered sweet wort (an infusion of malt), beer (prepared from an experimental, concentrated malt extract), and spruce beer (prepared mainly from molasses), among many other items, in his attempts to prevent and to cure scurvy. Despi...
ABSTRACT More than four decades ago, the architectural historian J. M. Freeland (1920-1983) decla... more ABSTRACT More than four decades ago, the architectural historian J. M. Freeland (1920-1983) declared the pub to be ‘one of the most socially significant, historically valuable, architecturally interesting, and colourful features of Australian society’. This study is underpinned by the same sentiment, although it has neither the ambitious nation-wide geographical scope nor the architectural focus of Freeland’s The Australian Pub. The pub—the licensed public house —is used here as a vehicle to explore the history of a small part of northern New South Wales. In a way, then, The Gold Digger’s Arms is a local history, but with a difference— that being its preoccupation with the ‘socially significant, historically valuable, architecturally interesting, and colourful’ pub. It is at once a history of the Upper Clarence River district of New South Wales, and the story of its pubs. Especially, it explains their comings and goings by reference to the wider history of the district, and to the intricacies of the state-wide liquor licensing system.
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Feb 1, 2003
The custom of allowing British seamen the regular use of fermented liquor is an old one. Ale was ... more The custom of allowing British seamen the regular use of fermented liquor is an old one. Ale was a standard article of the sea ration as early as the fourteenth century. By the late eighteenth century, beer was considered to be at once a food (a staple beverage and essential part of the sea diet), a luxury (helping to ameliorate the hardship and irregularity of sea life) and a medicine (conducive to health at sea). In particular, beer and its precursors, wort and malt, were administered with the aim of preventing and curing scurvy. This paper examines the use of malt and beer during late eighteenth century British sea voyages, particularly their use as antiscorbutic agents, focusing on James Cook's three voyages during the period 1768-1780. Cook administered sweet wort (an infusion of malt), beer (prepared from an experimental, concentrated malt extract), and spruce beer (prepared mainly from molasses), among many other items, in his attempts to prevent and to cure scurvy. Despite the inconclusive nature of his own experiments, he reported favourably after his second voyage (1772-1775) on the use of wort as an antiscorbutic sea medicine (for which purpose it is now known to be useless). Cook thereby lent credibility to erroneous medical theories about scurvy, helping to perpetuate the use of ineffective treatments and to delay the discovery of a cure for the disorder.
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