Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increased interest in communication with the publi... more Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increased interest in communication with the public regarding vaccination. Our recent Cochrane qualitative evidence synthesis points to several factors that could influence the implementation and success of healthcare worker communication with older adults about vaccination. However, it is often difficult to assess whether factors identified as potentially important in qualitative studies have been considered in randomized trials because of poor trial reporting. We therefore decided to use our qualitative evidence synthesis findings to encourage better reporting of vaccination communication interventions in trials by developing an elaboration of the TIDieR (Template for Intervention Description and Replication) checklist for intervention reporting. Methods We examined the findings from our Cochrane qualitative evidence synthesis on healthcare workers’ perceptions of and experiences with communicating about vaccination with adults over t...
a sensitivity analysis exploring the associations between treatment non-completion, and treatment... more a sensitivity analysis exploring the associations between treatment non-completion, and treatment support, origin, age and sex after imputation for missing values. (PDF 472 kb)
a, form sent to clinicians for information about treatment completion. b, translation of form sen... more a, form sent to clinicians for information about treatment completion. b, translation of form sent to clinicians for information about treatment completion. (ZIP 680 kb)
Background: Most new cases of active tuberculosis in Norway are presently caused by imported stra... more Background: Most new cases of active tuberculosis in Norway are presently caused by imported strains and not transmission within the country. Screening for tuberculosis with a Mantoux test of everybody and a chest X-ray of those above 15 years of age is compulsory on arrival for asylum seekers. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of entry screening of a cohort of asylum seekers. Cases detected by screening were compared with cases detected later. Further we have characterized cases with active tuberculosis. Methods: All asylum seekers who arrived at the National Reception Centre between January 2005- June 2006 with an abnormal chest X-ray or a Mantoux test ≥ 6 mm were included in the study and followed through the health care system. They were matched with the National Tuberculosis Register by the end of May 2008. Cases reported within two months after arrival were defined as being detected by screening.
Since early 2020, over 123 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with coronavirus disease ... more Since early 2020, over 123 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with coronavirus disease (Covid-19), but the true number of infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is undoubtedly higher. The seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 can provide crucial epidemiological information about the extent of infections independent of virologically detected case numbers. There is no large population-based SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence survey from Norway; thus we estimated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Norway before the introduction of vaccines and described its distribution across demographic groups. In November-December 2020, a total of 110,000 people aged 16 years or older were randomly selected from the National Population Register and invited to complete a questionnaire and provide a dried blood spot (DBS) sample. The response rate was 30%; compliance rate for return of DBS samples was 88%. The national weighted and adjusted seroprevalence was...
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2007
Programs to prevent the incidence rate of tuberculosis (TB) from increasing in many low-incidence... more Programs to prevent the incidence rate of tuberculosis (TB) from increasing in many low-incidence countries are challenged by international travel and immigration from high-burden countries. The current study aimed to determine the effect of such immigration on the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in an entire nation's population during 1994-2005. A total of 3,131 patients were notified with TB during the 12-year period. Of these, 2,284 (73%) had TB verified by culture, and isolates from 2,173 (96%) of these were analyzed by IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism. Only 31% of the included strains were isolated from nonimmigrants, the remaining 69% were isolated from immigrants. Although the incidence increased throughout the period, the genetic diversity remained high. A total of 135 clusters were identified; the percentage of recent disease was reduced among nonimmigrants, and remained stable among the immigrants during the study period. Although 69% of the isolates originated from immigrants from high-incidence countries, the established TB control program in the receiving country was adequate for the prevention of disease transmission. On average per year, only 2 nonimmigrants and 13 immigrants developed disease as a result of infection within the country by imported M. tuberculosis. Twelve years of M. tuberculosis importation as a result of immigration from high-incidence countries had little influence on the transmission of this pathogen in the receiving low-incidence country. To prevent future increase of transmission of TB, the current control strategies of low-incidence countries are adequate but must be maintained.
Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 2008
BACKGROUND The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis is one of the main challenges in the glob... more BACKGROUND The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis is one of the main challenges in the global combat against tuberculosis. The objective of the article is to discuss the main causes for emergence of drug resistance, describe the epidemiology of drug-resistant tuberculosis with focus on the situation in Norway and advise on how this should be managed. MATERIAL AND METHOD This review is based on relevant published literature, data from surveillance of the disease in Norway and current national and international recommendations for prevention and control of tuberculosis. RESULTS Tuberculosis can normally be treated effectively with a standardized combination of drugs for six months. The long duration of treatment is a challenge and incorrect treatment causes development of resistant tuberculosis. The objectives of tuberculosis treatment are to cure the patient, to stop transmission of the bacteria and prevent emergence of drug resistance. The total number of patients diagnosed wi...
Introduksjon: QuantiFERON®TB Gold (QFT) er en ny blodtest for pavisning av tuberkulosesmitte, men... more Introduksjon: QuantiFERON®TB Gold (QFT) er en ny blodtest for pavisning av tuberkulosesmitte, men med fa data sa langt fra undersokelse av immigranter. Malet med studien var a sammenligne resultat ...
An intense debate on school closures to control the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing in Europe. We pr... more An intense debate on school closures to control the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing in Europe. We prospectively examined transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from confirmed paediatric cases in Norwegian primary schools between August and November 2020. All in-school contacts were systematically tested twice during their quarantine period. With preventive measures implemented in schools, we found minimal child-to-child (0.9%, 2/234) and child-to-adult (1.7%, 1/58) transmission, supporting that under 14 year olds are not the drivers of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2015
Decreased fetal movement is associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes; timely reportin... more Decreased fetal movement is associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes; timely reporting and appropriate management may prevent stillbirth.
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increased interest in communication with the publi... more Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increased interest in communication with the public regarding vaccination. Our recent Cochrane qualitative evidence synthesis points to several factors that could influence the implementation and success of healthcare worker communication with older adults about vaccination. However, it is often difficult to assess whether factors identified as potentially important in qualitative studies have been considered in randomized trials because of poor trial reporting. We therefore decided to use our qualitative evidence synthesis findings to encourage better reporting of vaccination communication interventions in trials by developing an elaboration of the TIDieR (Template for Intervention Description and Replication) checklist for intervention reporting. Methods We examined the findings from our Cochrane qualitative evidence synthesis on healthcare workers’ perceptions of and experiences with communicating about vaccination with adults over t...
a sensitivity analysis exploring the associations between treatment non-completion, and treatment... more a sensitivity analysis exploring the associations between treatment non-completion, and treatment support, origin, age and sex after imputation for missing values. (PDF 472 kb)
a, form sent to clinicians for information about treatment completion. b, translation of form sen... more a, form sent to clinicians for information about treatment completion. b, translation of form sent to clinicians for information about treatment completion. (ZIP 680 kb)
Background: Most new cases of active tuberculosis in Norway are presently caused by imported stra... more Background: Most new cases of active tuberculosis in Norway are presently caused by imported strains and not transmission within the country. Screening for tuberculosis with a Mantoux test of everybody and a chest X-ray of those above 15 years of age is compulsory on arrival for asylum seekers. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of entry screening of a cohort of asylum seekers. Cases detected by screening were compared with cases detected later. Further we have characterized cases with active tuberculosis. Methods: All asylum seekers who arrived at the National Reception Centre between January 2005- June 2006 with an abnormal chest X-ray or a Mantoux test ≥ 6 mm were included in the study and followed through the health care system. They were matched with the National Tuberculosis Register by the end of May 2008. Cases reported within two months after arrival were defined as being detected by screening.
Since early 2020, over 123 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with coronavirus disease ... more Since early 2020, over 123 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with coronavirus disease (Covid-19), but the true number of infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is undoubtedly higher. The seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 can provide crucial epidemiological information about the extent of infections independent of virologically detected case numbers. There is no large population-based SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence survey from Norway; thus we estimated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Norway before the introduction of vaccines and described its distribution across demographic groups. In November-December 2020, a total of 110,000 people aged 16 years or older were randomly selected from the National Population Register and invited to complete a questionnaire and provide a dried blood spot (DBS) sample. The response rate was 30%; compliance rate for return of DBS samples was 88%. The national weighted and adjusted seroprevalence was...
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2007
Programs to prevent the incidence rate of tuberculosis (TB) from increasing in many low-incidence... more Programs to prevent the incidence rate of tuberculosis (TB) from increasing in many low-incidence countries are challenged by international travel and immigration from high-burden countries. The current study aimed to determine the effect of such immigration on the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in an entire nation's population during 1994-2005. A total of 3,131 patients were notified with TB during the 12-year period. Of these, 2,284 (73%) had TB verified by culture, and isolates from 2,173 (96%) of these were analyzed by IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism. Only 31% of the included strains were isolated from nonimmigrants, the remaining 69% were isolated from immigrants. Although the incidence increased throughout the period, the genetic diversity remained high. A total of 135 clusters were identified; the percentage of recent disease was reduced among nonimmigrants, and remained stable among the immigrants during the study period. Although 69% of the isolates originated from immigrants from high-incidence countries, the established TB control program in the receiving country was adequate for the prevention of disease transmission. On average per year, only 2 nonimmigrants and 13 immigrants developed disease as a result of infection within the country by imported M. tuberculosis. Twelve years of M. tuberculosis importation as a result of immigration from high-incidence countries had little influence on the transmission of this pathogen in the receiving low-incidence country. To prevent future increase of transmission of TB, the current control strategies of low-incidence countries are adequate but must be maintained.
Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 2008
BACKGROUND The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis is one of the main challenges in the glob... more BACKGROUND The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis is one of the main challenges in the global combat against tuberculosis. The objective of the article is to discuss the main causes for emergence of drug resistance, describe the epidemiology of drug-resistant tuberculosis with focus on the situation in Norway and advise on how this should be managed. MATERIAL AND METHOD This review is based on relevant published literature, data from surveillance of the disease in Norway and current national and international recommendations for prevention and control of tuberculosis. RESULTS Tuberculosis can normally be treated effectively with a standardized combination of drugs for six months. The long duration of treatment is a challenge and incorrect treatment causes development of resistant tuberculosis. The objectives of tuberculosis treatment are to cure the patient, to stop transmission of the bacteria and prevent emergence of drug resistance. The total number of patients diagnosed wi...
Introduksjon: QuantiFERON®TB Gold (QFT) er en ny blodtest for pavisning av tuberkulosesmitte, men... more Introduksjon: QuantiFERON®TB Gold (QFT) er en ny blodtest for pavisning av tuberkulosesmitte, men med fa data sa langt fra undersokelse av immigranter. Malet med studien var a sammenligne resultat ...
An intense debate on school closures to control the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing in Europe. We pr... more An intense debate on school closures to control the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing in Europe. We prospectively examined transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from confirmed paediatric cases in Norwegian primary schools between August and November 2020. All in-school contacts were systematically tested twice during their quarantine period. With preventive measures implemented in schools, we found minimal child-to-child (0.9%, 2/234) and child-to-adult (1.7%, 1/58) transmission, supporting that under 14 year olds are not the drivers of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2015
Decreased fetal movement is associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes; timely reportin... more Decreased fetal movement is associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes; timely reporting and appropriate management may prevent stillbirth.
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Papers by Brita Winje