Chronic diarrhea can be challenging to manage in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) leading... more Chronic diarrhea can be challenging to manage in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) leading to ongoing diagnostics, medications, monitoring, and potential euthanasia. Coconut has been used as a dietary supplement for people with inflammatory bowel disease, with anecdotal reports of decreased diarrhea following the dietary addition. A dietary trial in rhesus macaques was initiated to evaluate the hypothesis that dietary coconut decreases symptoms of chronic diarrhea in rhesus macaques. Ten rhesus macaques with chronic diarrhea were selected for the trial. Five of the subjects were fed coconut macaroons and five of the subjects were fed a sham cookie. Stool consistency was monitored daily for both groups. Data of chi-squared analysis obtained from eight rhesus macaques with chronic diarrhea showed that the use of coconut macaroons as a dietary supplement did not have a statistically significant effect on their diarrhea.
Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science
Routine health monitoring is an integral part of managing SPF rodent colonies. In recent years, r... more Routine health monitoring is an integral part of managing SPF rodent colonies. In recent years, rack-level environmental sampling has been introduced as an adjunct method or replacement for exposure of sentinel rodents to soiled bedding. However, rack level environmental monitoring is not compatible with rodent housing systems that have cage-level filtration. The current study investigated whether exposure of sterile flocked swabs to soiled bedding can be an alternative sampling method for routine health monitoring in mice, thus replacing the use of sentinels in soiled bedding cages. Flocked swabs were placed in cages containing pooled samples of soiled bedding but no mice; swabs remained there for 90 d, with weekly agitation and biweekly swabbing of the cage floor to mimic the agitation of soiled bedding by sentinel mice and facilitate the collection of dust particles. Fecal samples were collected from both colony and sentinel mice. For environmental samples, exhaust debris was col...
at: is onlineArteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology Information about subscribing to ... more at: is onlineArteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology Information about subscribing to Subscriptions:
Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 2017
A number of recent reports have documented likely swine-to-human virus transmission in swine faci... more A number of recent reports have documented likely swine-to-human virus transmission in swine facilities. During the month of January 2016, weekly bioaerosol and pig oral secretion samplings were performed in a pig handling facility to assess the possible occupational exposure to swine influenza A virus and adenovirus. During the 4 weeks, a total of 35 specimens were collected from multiple pig pens within the animal facility. One bioaerosol sample and five pig oral secretion samples were found positive for porcine adenovirus and further sequencing data revealed two different porcine adenoviruses. None of the samples showed evidence for influenza A virus by molecular assays. While swine adenoviruses are not thought to infect man, their detections suggests that bioaerosol sampling may be a non-invasive approach to detecting emergent zoonotic pathogens in agricultural industries.
Genetically modified FVIII-expressing autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (B... more Genetically modified FVIII-expressing autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) could cure haemophilia A. However, culture-expanded BMSCs engraft poorly in extramedullary sites. Here, we compared the intramedullary cavity, skeletal muscle, subcutaneous tissue and systemic circulation as tissue microenvironments that could support durable engraftment of FVIII-secreting BMSC in vivo. A zinc finger nuclease integrated human FVIII transgene into PPP1R12C (intron 1) of culture-expanded primary canine BMSCs. FVIII-secretory capacity of implanted BMSCs in each dog was expressed as an individualized therapy index (number of viable BMSCs implanted × FVIII activity secreted/million BMSCs/24 hours). Plasma samples before and after implantation were assayed for transgenic FVIII protein using an anti-human FVIII antibody having negligible cross-reactivity with canine FVIII. Plasma transgenic FVIII persisted for at least 48 weeks after implantation in the intramedullary cav...
Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS, 2009
Cynomolgus (or longtailed) macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are used extensively as laboratory anim... more Cynomolgus (or longtailed) macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are used extensively as laboratory animals in biomedical research. Their use in Singapore, an emerging biomedical hub in Southeast Asia, is now increasing widely, with research subjects currently originating from Singapore, Vietnam, and Pulau Bintan, Indonesia. Limited data exist on the genetic and phenotypic polymorphisms and phylogenetic relationships of these groups, and the animals are used as research subjects without regard to potential differences or homogeneity. Here we characterize their phenotypes by using established primatology tools to detail morphometrics and pelage erythrism and saturation. Pelage analyses supported the Gloger rule, in which heavily pigmented forms predominate near the equator, with Singaporean and Bintan macaques having darker pelage than Vietnamese macaques. Morphometric variation patterns suggest a tendency toward insular dwarfism and correlate generally with the Bergmann rule, in which body...
Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science / American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, 2005
The typical setup for administering volatile anesthetics to laboratory rats does not provide for ... more The typical setup for administering volatile anesthetics to laboratory rats does not provide for humidification of the inspired gases, although it is known that failing to provide humidification can lead to airway inflammation and impaired pulmonary function during prolonged experimental protocols. We developed a simple humidification system in which a nebulizer was inserted into the nonrebreathing circuit used with a standard isoflurane vaporizer. We show here that the nebulizer system resulted in anesthetic stability, as measured by withdrawal reflex latency. Although the isoflurane concentration in the delivered gases was reduced, the reduction was a consistent percentage of the vaporizer output throughout the anesthetic range, thereby permitting straightforward adjustment of the vaporizer output.
American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2002
Pregnant animals are less able to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) during hemorrhage compare... more Pregnant animals are less able to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) during hemorrhage compared with nonpregnant animals, but the hemodynamic basis of this difference is unknown. The hypothesis that pregnancy attenuates responses of cardiac output, as well as total peripheral resistance (TPR) and femoral conductance, to hemorrhage was tested in conscious rabbits in both the pregnant and nonpregnant state ( n = 10). During continuous slow blood loss (2% of the initial blood volume per minute), MAP was maintained initially in both groups. However, MAP then abruptly decreased to <45 mmHg in all animals after a smaller percentage of the initial blood volume was removed in pregnant compared with nonpregnant rabbits (43.6 ± 1.7%, nonpregnant; 29.6 ± 2.2%, pregnant; P < 0.005). The more rapid transition to hypotension exhibited by pregnant rabbits was associated with greater initial falls in cardiac output (−56 ± 10 ml/min, nonpregnant; −216 ± 33 ml/min, pregnant; P < 0.005) an...
... Goh and Bien Soo Tan Animal Welfare Considerations Species Specific Caging Configuration and ... more ... Goh and Bien Soo Tan Animal Welfare Considerations Species Specific Caging Configuration and Design 190 Cindy Phua Postoperative Care ... Health and Safety Programme 212 Angela Goh New Employee and External Users Orientation 219 Inria Kurniawan Then Radiation ...
It is well recognized that animals play a vital role and are indispensable to scientific and medi... more It is well recognized that animals play a vital role and are indispensable to scientific and medical research. Over the years, a number of non-animal procedures have been developed. However, despite all the advances in science, as yet, no system has been evolved which can completely replace a living system to conduct basic research. There is still a need to test food, drugs, medical devices, treatment regimes etc. on some animals before they can be tested and used (if found suitable) in human beings. Even the most sophisticated technology models have failed to mimic completely the complex cellular interactions occurring in a living system. The search for a complete alternative to animal research is still on and in the mean time we can all help play our part by conducting animal research in a humane and responsible fashion. This chapter discusses the ethical issues in animal research highlighting the need to use animals conscientiously.
Chronic diarrhea can be challenging to manage in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) leading... more Chronic diarrhea can be challenging to manage in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) leading to ongoing diagnostics, medications, monitoring, and potential euthanasia. Coconut has been used as a dietary supplement for people with inflammatory bowel disease, with anecdotal reports of decreased diarrhea following the dietary addition. A dietary trial in rhesus macaques was initiated to evaluate the hypothesis that dietary coconut decreases symptoms of chronic diarrhea in rhesus macaques. Ten rhesus macaques with chronic diarrhea were selected for the trial. Five of the subjects were fed coconut macaroons and five of the subjects were fed a sham cookie. Stool consistency was monitored daily for both groups. Data of chi-squared analysis obtained from eight rhesus macaques with chronic diarrhea showed that the use of coconut macaroons as a dietary supplement did not have a statistically significant effect on their diarrhea.
Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science
Routine health monitoring is an integral part of managing SPF rodent colonies. In recent years, r... more Routine health monitoring is an integral part of managing SPF rodent colonies. In recent years, rack-level environmental sampling has been introduced as an adjunct method or replacement for exposure of sentinel rodents to soiled bedding. However, rack level environmental monitoring is not compatible with rodent housing systems that have cage-level filtration. The current study investigated whether exposure of sterile flocked swabs to soiled bedding can be an alternative sampling method for routine health monitoring in mice, thus replacing the use of sentinels in soiled bedding cages. Flocked swabs were placed in cages containing pooled samples of soiled bedding but no mice; swabs remained there for 90 d, with weekly agitation and biweekly swabbing of the cage floor to mimic the agitation of soiled bedding by sentinel mice and facilitate the collection of dust particles. Fecal samples were collected from both colony and sentinel mice. For environmental samples, exhaust debris was col...
at: is onlineArteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology Information about subscribing to ... more at: is onlineArteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology Information about subscribing to Subscriptions:
Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 2017
A number of recent reports have documented likely swine-to-human virus transmission in swine faci... more A number of recent reports have documented likely swine-to-human virus transmission in swine facilities. During the month of January 2016, weekly bioaerosol and pig oral secretion samplings were performed in a pig handling facility to assess the possible occupational exposure to swine influenza A virus and adenovirus. During the 4 weeks, a total of 35 specimens were collected from multiple pig pens within the animal facility. One bioaerosol sample and five pig oral secretion samples were found positive for porcine adenovirus and further sequencing data revealed two different porcine adenoviruses. None of the samples showed evidence for influenza A virus by molecular assays. While swine adenoviruses are not thought to infect man, their detections suggests that bioaerosol sampling may be a non-invasive approach to detecting emergent zoonotic pathogens in agricultural industries.
Genetically modified FVIII-expressing autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (B... more Genetically modified FVIII-expressing autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) could cure haemophilia A. However, culture-expanded BMSCs engraft poorly in extramedullary sites. Here, we compared the intramedullary cavity, skeletal muscle, subcutaneous tissue and systemic circulation as tissue microenvironments that could support durable engraftment of FVIII-secreting BMSC in vivo. A zinc finger nuclease integrated human FVIII transgene into PPP1R12C (intron 1) of culture-expanded primary canine BMSCs. FVIII-secretory capacity of implanted BMSCs in each dog was expressed as an individualized therapy index (number of viable BMSCs implanted × FVIII activity secreted/million BMSCs/24 hours). Plasma samples before and after implantation were assayed for transgenic FVIII protein using an anti-human FVIII antibody having negligible cross-reactivity with canine FVIII. Plasma transgenic FVIII persisted for at least 48 weeks after implantation in the intramedullary cav...
Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS, 2009
Cynomolgus (or longtailed) macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are used extensively as laboratory anim... more Cynomolgus (or longtailed) macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are used extensively as laboratory animals in biomedical research. Their use in Singapore, an emerging biomedical hub in Southeast Asia, is now increasing widely, with research subjects currently originating from Singapore, Vietnam, and Pulau Bintan, Indonesia. Limited data exist on the genetic and phenotypic polymorphisms and phylogenetic relationships of these groups, and the animals are used as research subjects without regard to potential differences or homogeneity. Here we characterize their phenotypes by using established primatology tools to detail morphometrics and pelage erythrism and saturation. Pelage analyses supported the Gloger rule, in which heavily pigmented forms predominate near the equator, with Singaporean and Bintan macaques having darker pelage than Vietnamese macaques. Morphometric variation patterns suggest a tendency toward insular dwarfism and correlate generally with the Bergmann rule, in which body...
Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science / American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, 2005
The typical setup for administering volatile anesthetics to laboratory rats does not provide for ... more The typical setup for administering volatile anesthetics to laboratory rats does not provide for humidification of the inspired gases, although it is known that failing to provide humidification can lead to airway inflammation and impaired pulmonary function during prolonged experimental protocols. We developed a simple humidification system in which a nebulizer was inserted into the nonrebreathing circuit used with a standard isoflurane vaporizer. We show here that the nebulizer system resulted in anesthetic stability, as measured by withdrawal reflex latency. Although the isoflurane concentration in the delivered gases was reduced, the reduction was a consistent percentage of the vaporizer output throughout the anesthetic range, thereby permitting straightforward adjustment of the vaporizer output.
American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2002
Pregnant animals are less able to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) during hemorrhage compare... more Pregnant animals are less able to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) during hemorrhage compared with nonpregnant animals, but the hemodynamic basis of this difference is unknown. The hypothesis that pregnancy attenuates responses of cardiac output, as well as total peripheral resistance (TPR) and femoral conductance, to hemorrhage was tested in conscious rabbits in both the pregnant and nonpregnant state ( n = 10). During continuous slow blood loss (2% of the initial blood volume per minute), MAP was maintained initially in both groups. However, MAP then abruptly decreased to <45 mmHg in all animals after a smaller percentage of the initial blood volume was removed in pregnant compared with nonpregnant rabbits (43.6 ± 1.7%, nonpregnant; 29.6 ± 2.2%, pregnant; P < 0.005). The more rapid transition to hypotension exhibited by pregnant rabbits was associated with greater initial falls in cardiac output (−56 ± 10 ml/min, nonpregnant; −216 ± 33 ml/min, pregnant; P < 0.005) an...
... Goh and Bien Soo Tan Animal Welfare Considerations Species Specific Caging Configuration and ... more ... Goh and Bien Soo Tan Animal Welfare Considerations Species Specific Caging Configuration and Design 190 Cindy Phua Postoperative Care ... Health and Safety Programme 212 Angela Goh New Employee and External Users Orientation 219 Inria Kurniawan Then Radiation ...
It is well recognized that animals play a vital role and are indispensable to scientific and medi... more It is well recognized that animals play a vital role and are indispensable to scientific and medical research. Over the years, a number of non-animal procedures have been developed. However, despite all the advances in science, as yet, no system has been evolved which can completely replace a living system to conduct basic research. There is still a need to test food, drugs, medical devices, treatment regimes etc. on some animals before they can be tested and used (if found suitable) in human beings. Even the most sophisticated technology models have failed to mimic completely the complex cellular interactions occurring in a living system. The search for a complete alternative to animal research is still on and in the mean time we can all help play our part by conducting animal research in a humane and responsible fashion. This chapter discusses the ethical issues in animal research highlighting the need to use animals conscientiously.
Uploads
Papers by Bryan Ogden