Dass die moderne Gesellschaft angeblich immer narzisstischer wird und wir uns im Angesicht einer ... more Dass die moderne Gesellschaft angeblich immer narzisstischer wird und wir uns im Angesicht einer narzisstischen Epidemie befinden, kann man sowohl in den Medien als auch seitens von Psychiatern und Psychotherapeuten regelmasig horen. Die empirische Grundlage dieser Meinungsauserungen ist jedoch fraglich, da aussagekraftige Daten hierzu bislang fehlten. Eine empirische Studie hat nun angeblich Belege fur diese These gefunden, dass junge Menschen in den USA immer narzisstischer wurden, was die Vorstellung einer immer narzisstischer werdenden Gesellschaft zu bestatigen scheint. Bei naherer Betrachtung der Studie und ihrer Methodik stellen sich jedoch Zweifel an deren Aussagekraft ein. Daruber hinaus konnte dieses, wenn uberhaupt, schwach positive Ergebnis von anderen Studien nicht repliziert werden. Empirische Daten belegen jedoch die Erfahrung, dass die narzisstischen Eigenschaften in jeder Generation mit zunehmendem Alter abnehmen. Die Kritik der alteren Generation, dass die jungere ...
Narzissmus ist in aller Munde. Häufig dient dies der Charakterisierung unbequemer Mitmenschen, oh... more Narzissmus ist in aller Munde. Häufig dient dies der Charakterisierung unbequemer Mitmenschen, ohne dass der Gebrauch gerechtfertigt wäre. Wo hört das gesunde Streben nach Selbstwert auf und wo fängt der krankhafte Narzissmus an? Unterschiedliche Verwendungen in der Psychologie und der Psychiatrie spiegeln die unpräzise Definition wieder. Die geplante Abschaffung im DSM-V und realisierte Abschaffung in der ICD-11 setzen weitere Fragezeichen.
ZusammenfassungPatienten mit einer narzisstischen Persönlichkeitsstörung sind eine therapeutische... more ZusammenfassungPatienten mit einer narzisstischen Persönlichkeitsstörung sind eine therapeutische Herausforderung. Diese ist jedoch bei einem ausreichenden Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden Psychodynamik und Strategien zur therapeutischen Beziehungsgestaltung durchaus zu meistern. Wichtiger als die Arbeit an dem Größenselbst der Patienten ist hierbei die bedürfnisorientierte Arbeit an ihrem vulnerablen Selbst, die Förderung der kognitiven Empathie für andere Menschen und die Arbeit an den interaktionellen Kompetenzen der Patienten.
Schizotypal personality disorder is relatively common disorder, and is considered to be a mild fo... more Schizotypal personality disorder is relatively common disorder, and is considered to be a mild form of schizophrenia. It is characterized by such "psychotic" symptoms as ideas of reference, odd or magical thinking, perceptual illusions and an inappropriate or flattened affect. In their contact with others, patients show odd expression and behavior. Since, numerous schizotypal symptoms can be treated successfully with atypical antipsychotic medication, the patient should be referred to a psychiatrist or neurologist. The mainstay of psychotherapy consists in crisis management, development of self-awareness of the problem, breaking down social isolation and general unspecific support in coping with daily problems.
Emotions are the central process of motivation and play a key role in adaptive behavior in humans... more Emotions are the central process of motivation and play a key role in adaptive behavior in humans. Although cognitive-behavioral therapy stresses the importance of changing both cognition and behavior, there is growing emphasis on direct therapeutic work on emotions and emotional processing, as problematic emotional processes are at the core of nearly all psychic disorders. This type of work is the goal of emotion-focused psychotherapy, which centers on direct change of problematic emotions, especially those which are usually suppressed resp. overregulated by the patient. This paper examines the basic phobic/emotional conflict, the problematic emotional processes arising from this conflict, and the importance to cognitive-behavioral therapy of their potentially integrative role.
A putative transcription factor induced in vitro by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (... more A putative transcription factor induced in vitro by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and transforming growth factor-beta was recently cloned and characterized [Yajima S. et al. (1997) J. Neurosci. 17, 8657-8666]. The messenger RNA of this protein, termed murine GDNF-inducible transcription factor (mGIF, hereafter referred to as GIF), is localized within cortical and hippocampal regions of brain, suggesting that GIF might be regulated by perturbations of these brain regions. In an effort to learn more about the role of GIF in vivo, we examined GIF messenger RNA in the brains of rats treated with the glutamatergic agonist kainic acid. This treatment is known to induce seizures and alter the messenger RNA expression of several growth factors, including GDNF, in several brain regions. Rats were given intraperitoneal saline (1 ml/kg) or kainic acid (15 mg/kg) and were killed at various time-points for in situ hybridization of brain sections with a GIF messenger RNA ribo...
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, Jan 15, 1997
The potent neurotrophic factor glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a distant member ... more The potent neurotrophic factor glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a distant member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of proteins. We report a transcription factor that is the first nuclear protein known to be induced by GDNF, thus designated murine GDNF inducible factor (mGIF). The cDNA was cloned in the course of investigating transcription factors that bind to Sp1 consensus sequences, using the in situ filter detection method, and it was found to encode a protein having the same C2-H2 zinc finger motif as Sp1. Sequence analysis indicated that mGIF is homologous to the human TGF-beta inducible early gene (TIEG) and human early growth response gene-alpha (EGR-alpha). mGIF is widely distributed in the adult mouse with high mRNA levels in kidney, lung, brain, liver, heart, and testis. In the adult brain, mGIF is abundantly expressed in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and amygdala with lower amounts in striatum, nucleus accumbens, olf...
Deinstitutionalization has made possible the development of modern community psychiatric services... more Deinstitutionalization has made possible the development of modern community psychiatric services, however radical decrease in the number of hospital beds may result in a reduction in the overall standard of psychiatric care and disruptions in service delivery. The authors present an example of deinstitutionalisation in Hungary, which led to serious difficulties in the provision of healthcare in the field of psychiatry, contrasted with a case from Germany serving as an example of an alternative solution.
ABSTRUCT: In situ hybridization (ISH) is an important method for determining the distribution of ... more ABSTRUCT: In situ hybridization (ISH) is an important method for determining the distribution of mRNA within cells or tissue preparations by hybridization of a nucleic acid probe (either DNA or RNA) with a specific target nucleic acid (usually mRNA) (1,2). Thus, ISH enables the localization of transcripts within cells, tissues, and whole body and allows a neuroanatomic comparison of specific mRNA expression with the respective protein expression. Furthermore, ISH can serve as a tool to detect quantitative changes in gene expression in distinct neuroanatomic areas under various experimental conditions.
Dass die moderne Gesellschaft angeblich immer narzisstischer wird und wir uns im Angesicht einer ... more Dass die moderne Gesellschaft angeblich immer narzisstischer wird und wir uns im Angesicht einer narzisstischen Epidemie befinden, kann man sowohl in den Medien als auch seitens von Psychiatern und Psychotherapeuten regelmasig horen. Die empirische Grundlage dieser Meinungsauserungen ist jedoch fraglich, da aussagekraftige Daten hierzu bislang fehlten. Eine empirische Studie hat nun angeblich Belege fur diese These gefunden, dass junge Menschen in den USA immer narzisstischer wurden, was die Vorstellung einer immer narzisstischer werdenden Gesellschaft zu bestatigen scheint. Bei naherer Betrachtung der Studie und ihrer Methodik stellen sich jedoch Zweifel an deren Aussagekraft ein. Daruber hinaus konnte dieses, wenn uberhaupt, schwach positive Ergebnis von anderen Studien nicht repliziert werden. Empirische Daten belegen jedoch die Erfahrung, dass die narzisstischen Eigenschaften in jeder Generation mit zunehmendem Alter abnehmen. Die Kritik der alteren Generation, dass die jungere ...
Narzissmus ist in aller Munde. Häufig dient dies der Charakterisierung unbequemer Mitmenschen, oh... more Narzissmus ist in aller Munde. Häufig dient dies der Charakterisierung unbequemer Mitmenschen, ohne dass der Gebrauch gerechtfertigt wäre. Wo hört das gesunde Streben nach Selbstwert auf und wo fängt der krankhafte Narzissmus an? Unterschiedliche Verwendungen in der Psychologie und der Psychiatrie spiegeln die unpräzise Definition wieder. Die geplante Abschaffung im DSM-V und realisierte Abschaffung in der ICD-11 setzen weitere Fragezeichen.
ZusammenfassungPatienten mit einer narzisstischen Persönlichkeitsstörung sind eine therapeutische... more ZusammenfassungPatienten mit einer narzisstischen Persönlichkeitsstörung sind eine therapeutische Herausforderung. Diese ist jedoch bei einem ausreichenden Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden Psychodynamik und Strategien zur therapeutischen Beziehungsgestaltung durchaus zu meistern. Wichtiger als die Arbeit an dem Größenselbst der Patienten ist hierbei die bedürfnisorientierte Arbeit an ihrem vulnerablen Selbst, die Förderung der kognitiven Empathie für andere Menschen und die Arbeit an den interaktionellen Kompetenzen der Patienten.
Schizotypal personality disorder is relatively common disorder, and is considered to be a mild fo... more Schizotypal personality disorder is relatively common disorder, and is considered to be a mild form of schizophrenia. It is characterized by such "psychotic" symptoms as ideas of reference, odd or magical thinking, perceptual illusions and an inappropriate or flattened affect. In their contact with others, patients show odd expression and behavior. Since, numerous schizotypal symptoms can be treated successfully with atypical antipsychotic medication, the patient should be referred to a psychiatrist or neurologist. The mainstay of psychotherapy consists in crisis management, development of self-awareness of the problem, breaking down social isolation and general unspecific support in coping with daily problems.
Emotions are the central process of motivation and play a key role in adaptive behavior in humans... more Emotions are the central process of motivation and play a key role in adaptive behavior in humans. Although cognitive-behavioral therapy stresses the importance of changing both cognition and behavior, there is growing emphasis on direct therapeutic work on emotions and emotional processing, as problematic emotional processes are at the core of nearly all psychic disorders. This type of work is the goal of emotion-focused psychotherapy, which centers on direct change of problematic emotions, especially those which are usually suppressed resp. overregulated by the patient. This paper examines the basic phobic/emotional conflict, the problematic emotional processes arising from this conflict, and the importance to cognitive-behavioral therapy of their potentially integrative role.
A putative transcription factor induced in vitro by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (... more A putative transcription factor induced in vitro by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and transforming growth factor-beta was recently cloned and characterized [Yajima S. et al. (1997) J. Neurosci. 17, 8657-8666]. The messenger RNA of this protein, termed murine GDNF-inducible transcription factor (mGIF, hereafter referred to as GIF), is localized within cortical and hippocampal regions of brain, suggesting that GIF might be regulated by perturbations of these brain regions. In an effort to learn more about the role of GIF in vivo, we examined GIF messenger RNA in the brains of rats treated with the glutamatergic agonist kainic acid. This treatment is known to induce seizures and alter the messenger RNA expression of several growth factors, including GDNF, in several brain regions. Rats were given intraperitoneal saline (1 ml/kg) or kainic acid (15 mg/kg) and were killed at various time-points for in situ hybridization of brain sections with a GIF messenger RNA ribo...
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, Jan 15, 1997
The potent neurotrophic factor glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a distant member ... more The potent neurotrophic factor glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a distant member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of proteins. We report a transcription factor that is the first nuclear protein known to be induced by GDNF, thus designated murine GDNF inducible factor (mGIF). The cDNA was cloned in the course of investigating transcription factors that bind to Sp1 consensus sequences, using the in situ filter detection method, and it was found to encode a protein having the same C2-H2 zinc finger motif as Sp1. Sequence analysis indicated that mGIF is homologous to the human TGF-beta inducible early gene (TIEG) and human early growth response gene-alpha (EGR-alpha). mGIF is widely distributed in the adult mouse with high mRNA levels in kidney, lung, brain, liver, heart, and testis. In the adult brain, mGIF is abundantly expressed in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and amygdala with lower amounts in striatum, nucleus accumbens, olf...
Deinstitutionalization has made possible the development of modern community psychiatric services... more Deinstitutionalization has made possible the development of modern community psychiatric services, however radical decrease in the number of hospital beds may result in a reduction in the overall standard of psychiatric care and disruptions in service delivery. The authors present an example of deinstitutionalisation in Hungary, which led to serious difficulties in the provision of healthcare in the field of psychiatry, contrasted with a case from Germany serving as an example of an alternative solution.
ABSTRUCT: In situ hybridization (ISH) is an important method for determining the distribution of ... more ABSTRUCT: In situ hybridization (ISH) is an important method for determining the distribution of mRNA within cells or tissue preparations by hybridization of a nucleic acid probe (either DNA or RNA) with a specific target nucleic acid (usually mRNA) (1,2). Thus, ISH enables the localization of transcripts within cells, tissues, and whole body and allows a neuroanatomic comparison of specific mRNA expression with the respective protein expression. Furthermore, ISH can serve as a tool to detect quantitative changes in gene expression in distinct neuroanatomic areas under various experimental conditions.
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Papers by Claas-hinrich Lammers