We have investigated the effects of the calcium channel blocker flunarizine on spinal monosynapti... more We have investigated the effects of the calcium channel blocker flunarizine on spinal monosynaptic reflexes in spinal cats. Flunarizine was administered locally into the spinal cord (10, 50, 100 mu M) and intraperitoneally (5, 10, 20 mg/kg). Adult cats (n = 10) weighing 1.5-3 kg were anaesthetized with ketamine (50 mg/kg, IM), artificially ventilated and spinalized at the CI level. A laminectomy was performed in the lumbosacral region. The ventral and dorsal roots of segment L5 were isolated and a pouch of skin formed at the site of the dissection to allow the exposed tissues to be covered with liquid paraffin. The temperature was kept at 38.5 degrees C with a heating pad. A polyethylene cannula was introduced into the left carotid artery to monitor blood pressure, which was kept above 100 mmHg. The dorsal root of segment L5 was placed on a silver-silver chloride wire electrode for stimulation through an isolation unit. The reflex potentials were recorded from the ipsilateral L5 ven...
It has been shown that nitric oxide (NO) increases aggression in male mice, whereas it decreases ... more It has been shown that nitric oxide (NO) increases aggression in male mice, whereas it decreases aggression in lactating female mice and prairie voles. It is also known that aggression can be exhibited at different levels in rodent species, strain or subtypes. The aims of this study were to investigate the proportion of aggressiveness in Wistar rats, the effect of intraperitoneally administered nonspecific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME (NG-nitro L-arginine methyl ester) on maternal aggression towards female intruders, and whether these effects are due to NO production or not. Rats were given saline intraperitoneally on the postpartum Day 2 and aggression levels were recorded. The same rats were given 60 mg/kg L-NAME or D-NAME (NG -nitro D-arginine methyl ester) on the postpartum Day 3 and their effects on aggression levels were compared to saline. While L-NAME administration did not cause any differences in the total number of aggressive behavior, aggression duration ...
Experimental Models of Epilepsy 50 million persons worldwide suffer from epilepsy, and 20-30% of ... more Experimental Models of Epilepsy 50 million persons worldwide suffer from epilepsy, and 20-30% of those afflicted have seizures that are resistant to treatment with the currently available antiepileptic drugs. Studies on the epilepsy have been done in experimental models. For development of new and effective antiepileptic drugs, and the study of mechanisms of the epilepsies requires appropriate experimental models. An ideal model for epilepsy should show the following characteristics: (1) the development of spontaneously occurig recurrent seizures; (2) seizure types similar to seizure types occuring in human epilepsy; (3) EEG Pattern similar to EEG of the respective seizure in humans; (4) high seizure frequency to allow acute and chronic drug efficacy tests; (5) pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs similar to those in humans; (6) effective plasma and brain concentrations of antiepileptic drugs similar to those required for control of the respective seizure in humans. Animal models...
Effects of Cadmium on purkinje Cell Density of Rat Cerebellum A lot of substance have been known ... more Effects of Cadmium on purkinje Cell Density of Rat Cerebellum A lot of substance have been known to cause neuronal hyperactivity and cell death. Effects of cadmium on cerebral and cerebellar neurons are subject to interest for a long time which is present in cigarette smoke and filthy air. In present study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of cadmium sulphate (CdS04) on purkinje cells in Lobulus Simplex area in cerebellum of rats. CdS04 (0.0021mg/kg) is administered intracortically in 1.5 mm laterally of left Bregma with 1-2 mm depth. The same ratio of saline is administered to rats in control group. Seven-day group was treated for 7 days and animals in 30-day group received a 30 days treatment. Then, rats were perfused by neutral formaline intracardially. Cerebellum was separated from other structures of the brain and cut into sections with a distance 75-100 (m and with a thickness 6 pm. Sections were stained with thionin staining. Purkinje cells were counted under a light m...
SERUM ZINE AND COPPER LEVELS OF EPILEPTIC PATIENTS BEFORE AND AFTER DRUG THERAPY ✓ In 42 epilepti... more SERUM ZINE AND COPPER LEVELS OF EPILEPTIC PATIENTS BEFORE AND AFTER DRUG THERAPY ✓ In 42 epileptic patients the serum levels of copper (Cu) and zinc (zn) were determined before drug therapy had begun by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In 16 of these patients the serum levels of Zn and Cu were also determined at least 3 months after therapy. The results were compared with each other and a control comprising 20 healthy individuals. The mean serum Zn levels of the patients prior to drug therapy, undergoing therapy and the control group were 79.42+17.7 , 83.6+18.3 and 86.95+ 18.61 Hg/100 ml respectively. The mean serum copper levels of the patients prior to therapy, undergoing therapy and the control group were 117+ 21.9, 123.1+18.4 and 119.4, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences bet¬ween the groups (p> 0.05). Serum Zn levels decreased in patients using diphenylhydantoin (DDH) and increased in patients using carbamazepin (CBZ). But, neither of these ...
The effects of calcium channel blocker, nifedipine on spinal monosynaptic reflexes were investiga... more The effects of calcium channel blocker, nifedipine on spinal monosynaptic reflexes were investigated in spinal cats. Nifedipine was administrated-locally (10, 50, 100s |imol/l) and intraperitoneally (5; 10, 20 mg/kg). Adult cats (n=10), weighing 1,5-3 kg were anesthetized with ketamine (50 mg/kg, I.M.) and artificially ventilated. Animals were spinalized at C j level. A laminectomy was perfor¬med in the lumbosacral region. The ventral and dorsal roots of segment L5 were isolated and a pouch of skin was formed at the site of the dissection, to allow the exposed tissues to be covered with liquid paraffin, which was kept at 38.5±0.5°C with a heating pad. A po-lyethylene cannula was introduced into the left carotiid artery to moniter blood pressure, which was kept above 100 mmHg. The dorsal root of segment L5 was placed on a silver-silver chloride wire electrode for sti-mulation throgh an isolatin unit. The reflex potentials were recorded from the ipsilateral L5 ventral root, mounted on...
Copper and magnesium levels in the brain hemispheres of rat ✓The content of copper (Cu2+), and ma... more Copper and magnesium levels in the brain hemispheres of rat ✓The content of copper (Cu2+), and magnesium (Mg2+) in the left and right cerebral hemispheres of the male and female rats were measured using Perkin-Elmer 2280 (Flame) atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean contents of copper and magnesium in the right hemispheres of 15male-perfused rats were 5.30+0,56, and 85,57±8.65|ig/g; and the values of copper and magnesium in the left hemispheres were 5.70+0.58 and 81.04±7.42ng/g (wet weight, mean +SEM) respectively. The mean copper content of the left hemisphere and the mean magnesium level of the right hemisphere were slightly higher than opposite sides, but the left-right difference was not significant. On the other hand, the results that obtained from 14 female-perfused rats were very similar to that of male animals. These data show that there is no significant difference in the copper and magnesium concentrations between the whole left and right brain hemispheres in the r...
Epilepsy is one of the most important neurological diseases. Calcium ions have an important role ... more Epilepsy is one of the most important neurological diseases. Calcium ions have an important role on the regulation of cellular functions. It is accepted that calcium flux into the cell is the first step of epileptic neuronal events. In present study, the effect of flu-narizine on experimental model epilepsy induced by intracortical (i.e.) penicillin administration was investigated. The left cerebral cortex was exposed by craniotomy in anaesthetised rats. The epileptic focus was produced by injection of penicillin G potassium (500 units) into the somatomotor cortex. Following the epileptiform activity reached maximum frequency and amplitude, flunarizine was injected into the same area by Hamilton mikroinjector. Before flunarizine administration, the average frequency of spikes was 21.1±1.9/min and the average amplitude of spikes was 1080±65 pV. Microinjection of flunarizine (10, 100 pM) into the same area caused an inhibition for 3-4 minutes in elect-rocorticograms (ECoG) (p 0.05). T...
Physiologic Bases of Pain and Analgesia §/ Pain is a useful and highly complex perception. Nocice... more Physiologic Bases of Pain and Analgesia §/ Pain is a useful and highly complex perception. Nociceptors are free nerve endings. Cuta-neous nociceptors fall into two classes. A-delta mechanical nociceptors are discharge only when subjected to intense mechanical stimuli. C fiber nociceptors, on the other hand, respond not only to intense mechanical stimuli but also respond to noxious thermal and chemical stimuli. Neurons in layers I and II of Rexed receive synaptic input from nocicep-tors.Nociceptive information is conveyed to the brain along several ascending pathways. Stimulation of periaquaductal gray and some other regions of brain results in analgesia. Pain perception can be controlled by descending pathways. A number of different path-ways, using several different neurotransmitters, can affect nociceptive transmission. Pain sensation can be suppressed by stimulation of A-alfa or A-beta (non-nociceptive) afferent fibers. There is considerable evidence that the cerebral cortex play...
Bu calisma bahar ve guz kurbagalarinda serebral dominantligi arastirmak amaciyla yapildi. Bahar v... more Bu calisma bahar ve guz kurbagalarinda serebral dominantligi arastirmak amaciyla yapildi. Bahar ve guz aylarinda toplanan kurbagalara intraventrikuler yoldan perfuzyon yapildi. Perfuzyona once % 0.6'lik serum fizyolojik ile baslandi ve % 10'luk formaldehit ile devam edildi. Beyinler kafatasindan cikarildiktan sonra sag ve sol hemisferleri binokuler mikros¬kop altinda ayrilarak agirlik olcumleri yapildi. Elde edilen sonuclara gore mevsimlere bagli olarak hem disi hem de erkek kurbagalarda (Rana ridibunda) agirlik bakimindan beyin hemisferleri arasinda dominanttik olmadigi tesbit edildi (p>0.05). Fonksiyonel asimetrinin izahinda agirligin onemli bir rol oynamadigi kanaatine varildi.
The relationship between hand preference and hemispheric weight in the frogs In the study, the we... more The relationship between hand preference and hemispheric weight in the frogs In the study, the weights of frog (Rana ridibunda) brain hemispheres were compared ac¬cording to extremity preference. The extremity preference of frogs were determined by using pet removing test, then perfu¬sed intracardially. Right and left hemispheres were separated under binocular microspoce. The hemispheres were weighted with balance. There was no significant difference between the weights of hemispheres in the right han¬ded and, left handed (p>0.05). It can be concluded that subhemisphere areas take a role in the preference of extremities Sunulan calisma kurbagalarda (Rana ridibunda) ekstremite tercihine gore beyin hemis-ferlerinin agirliklarini karsilastirmak amaciyla yapildi. Sulfurik asite (% l'lik) batirilmis pet kullanilarak kurbagalarin ekstremite tercihi tespit edildikten sonra intraventrikuler yoldan perfuzyon yapildi. Elde edilen beyinlerin sag ve sol hemisferi binokuler mikroskop alti...
The effects of anticonvulsant medication (Diphenylhydantoin and Carbamazepin) on the serum Ca and... more The effects of anticonvulsant medication (Diphenylhydantoin and Carbamazepin) on the serum Ca and Mg levels of epileptics ✓The effects of Diphenylhydantoin and Carbamazepine of the serum Ca and Mg levels of epi¬leptic patients has been studied. 15 untreated epileptics were followed from the begining of therapy. The patients blood samples were taken before and after 3 months of anticonvulsant therapy. Healthy control group were consist of 15 volunteers. Patient and healthy control groups serum Ca and Mg levels were measured atomic absorbtion spectrophotometrically. There was no significant differences of Ca and Mg levels in serum between the patient and healthy control groups (p>0.05). There was also no significant differences of Ca and Mg levels in serum of patients before and after the anticonvulsant therapy (p>0.05), ✓Epilepsili hastalarda antikonvulsan tedavinin Serum Ca ve Mg duzeylerine olan etkisi arastirildi. Hic tedavi gormemis olan 15 epileptik hastanin tedavi oncesi ...
EXAMINATION OF ANATOMICAL ASYMMETRY IN THE LAMB BRAIN: RHINAL SULCUS, CORONAL SULCUS, SYLVIAN FIS... more EXAMINATION OF ANATOMICAL ASYMMETRY IN THE LAMB BRAIN: RHINAL SULCUS, CORONAL SULCUS, SYLVIAN FISSURE s/ Fifty lamb brains were used in this study. The length of the rhinal sulcus, the coronal sulcus and the sylvain fissure were measured in the right and left hemispheres. Right-left asymmetries were not detected in respect to the lenght of these sulcus in both male and female lamb. Calismamizda 50 adet kuzu beyni kullanildi. Her bir beyin hemisferi uzerindeki sulcus rhinalis, sulcus coronalis ve fissura sylviana'lann uzunluklari olculdu. Bu olusumlarin uzunluklari yonunden istatistiksel olarak anlamli sag-sol asimetrisi bulunmadi.
The Comparision of Epineural anastomosis of Sciatica nerve performed with fibrin glue and suture ... more The Comparision of Epineural anastomosis of Sciatica nerve performed with fibrin glue and suture as electrophysiological ✓ 40 scitica nerves were performed the epineural anostomosis in 20 rats. Fibrin glue was used to first group. 8/0 vicryl was used to second group. At the end of the 45 days, the results were compared as electrophysiological and histological. We found that the latency and evoke voltage in to group that used fibrin glue were lower than other group and there was no significant difference between two groups as histopathological ✓ 20 Sicanda 40 siyatik sinir iki grup halinde epinoral anastomoz yapildi. Birinci grupta doku yapistiricisi, ikinci grupta 8/0 vicryl kullanildi. 45 gunun sonunda sonuclar elektrofizyolojik histolojik olarak karsilastirildi. Doku yapistiricisi (Tissel Kit) kullanilarak yapilan anostomozlu gruptaki latensi ve uyarilma voltaji diger gruba gore daha dusuktu. Histopatolojik olarak fark yoktu.
It becomes so important to understand the ionic mechanisms and intrinsic electrical pro¬perties o... more It becomes so important to understand the ionic mechanisms and intrinsic electrical pro¬perties of neurones. In this study, suboesophageal ganglia of Helix aspersa was just sub¬merged in the organ bath with ringer solution and intracellular recordings were made from the right parietal ganglia neurones by using current clamp technique in vitro. Action potentials (APs) were recorded from four cells having same electrophysiological properties and placed in the medial part of right parietal ganglia. The duration and ampli¬tude were 5.111.8 ms and 80-100 mV respectively. All action potentials overshooted and had a small hyperpolarization after AP (undershoot). Resting membrane potential of these cells was -52.817.5 mV. The current-voltage (I-V) relationship was linear and the cell fired regularly with a frequency of 1.5 Hz. The APs of second type of neurones, placed in the lateral part of right parietal ganglia had different biophysical properties with two frequen¬cies. In the first term...
Effects of Calcium and Zinc on the Membrane Permeability In this study, the effects of calcium an... more Effects of Calcium and Zinc on the Membrane Permeability In this study, the effects of calcium and zinc on the membrane of yeast cell were inves¬tigated at the high temperatures. A variety of concentration of calcium and calcium-zinc mixed solutions were used du¬ring the experiments. 8-10 drips, 0.5% congo red were added to the yeast solution, which was made up by mixture of calcium and calcium-zinc. They were incubated for 30 min. in the different temperatures. Then, the number of cells which had congo red was counted under light microscope. Obtained data show, that number of cell which congo red passed through their memb¬rane was less in the experiment group than control group. It has been concluded that calcium and zinc can show membrane protective effects by reactions with protein and glicolipids via stimulating enzyme synthesis in the membra¬ne. Bu calismada maya hucresi membraninin temperature karsi dayanikliligina kalsiyum ve cinkonun etkileri arastirildi. Arastirma esnasinda...
Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 1999
The aim of this study was to estimate the total number of cells in the subdivisions of the cochle... more The aim of this study was to estimate the total number of cells in the subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus (CN) of the rat with unbiased stereological methods. The total number of neurons was determined in both the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) and the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) to compare the right and left sides. The total cell numbers were 15,280 in the left VCN, 15,400 in the right VCN, 10,260 in the left DCN, and 10,860 in the right DCN. Comparison of the right and left major subdivisions of the CN of the rat showed that there was no significant difference between the right and left sides of the rat CN. This result indicates that the CNs do not contribute to auditory lateralization in the rat in regard to cell numbers.
Abstract A study designed to investigate how the cellular laterality in rosto-caudal direction ch... more Abstract A study designed to investigate how the cellular laterality in rosto-caudal direction changes due to age and sex was presented. It is a well-known fact that asymmetry is an important issue in understanding brain functions. Frontal sections of 5 µm thickness with ...
We have investigated the effects of the calcium channel blocker flunarizine on spinal monosynapti... more We have investigated the effects of the calcium channel blocker flunarizine on spinal monosynaptic reflexes in spinal cats. Flunarizine was administered locally into the spinal cord (10, 50, 100 mu M) and intraperitoneally (5, 10, 20 mg/kg). Adult cats (n = 10) weighing 1.5-3 kg were anaesthetized with ketamine (50 mg/kg, IM), artificially ventilated and spinalized at the CI level. A laminectomy was performed in the lumbosacral region. The ventral and dorsal roots of segment L5 were isolated and a pouch of skin formed at the site of the dissection to allow the exposed tissues to be covered with liquid paraffin. The temperature was kept at 38.5 degrees C with a heating pad. A polyethylene cannula was introduced into the left carotid artery to monitor blood pressure, which was kept above 100 mmHg. The dorsal root of segment L5 was placed on a silver-silver chloride wire electrode for stimulation through an isolation unit. The reflex potentials were recorded from the ipsilateral L5 ven...
It has been shown that nitric oxide (NO) increases aggression in male mice, whereas it decreases ... more It has been shown that nitric oxide (NO) increases aggression in male mice, whereas it decreases aggression in lactating female mice and prairie voles. It is also known that aggression can be exhibited at different levels in rodent species, strain or subtypes. The aims of this study were to investigate the proportion of aggressiveness in Wistar rats, the effect of intraperitoneally administered nonspecific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME (NG-nitro L-arginine methyl ester) on maternal aggression towards female intruders, and whether these effects are due to NO production or not. Rats were given saline intraperitoneally on the postpartum Day 2 and aggression levels were recorded. The same rats were given 60 mg/kg L-NAME or D-NAME (NG -nitro D-arginine methyl ester) on the postpartum Day 3 and their effects on aggression levels were compared to saline. While L-NAME administration did not cause any differences in the total number of aggressive behavior, aggression duration ...
Experimental Models of Epilepsy 50 million persons worldwide suffer from epilepsy, and 20-30% of ... more Experimental Models of Epilepsy 50 million persons worldwide suffer from epilepsy, and 20-30% of those afflicted have seizures that are resistant to treatment with the currently available antiepileptic drugs. Studies on the epilepsy have been done in experimental models. For development of new and effective antiepileptic drugs, and the study of mechanisms of the epilepsies requires appropriate experimental models. An ideal model for epilepsy should show the following characteristics: (1) the development of spontaneously occurig recurrent seizures; (2) seizure types similar to seizure types occuring in human epilepsy; (3) EEG Pattern similar to EEG of the respective seizure in humans; (4) high seizure frequency to allow acute and chronic drug efficacy tests; (5) pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs similar to those in humans; (6) effective plasma and brain concentrations of antiepileptic drugs similar to those required for control of the respective seizure in humans. Animal models...
Effects of Cadmium on purkinje Cell Density of Rat Cerebellum A lot of substance have been known ... more Effects of Cadmium on purkinje Cell Density of Rat Cerebellum A lot of substance have been known to cause neuronal hyperactivity and cell death. Effects of cadmium on cerebral and cerebellar neurons are subject to interest for a long time which is present in cigarette smoke and filthy air. In present study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of cadmium sulphate (CdS04) on purkinje cells in Lobulus Simplex area in cerebellum of rats. CdS04 (0.0021mg/kg) is administered intracortically in 1.5 mm laterally of left Bregma with 1-2 mm depth. The same ratio of saline is administered to rats in control group. Seven-day group was treated for 7 days and animals in 30-day group received a 30 days treatment. Then, rats were perfused by neutral formaline intracardially. Cerebellum was separated from other structures of the brain and cut into sections with a distance 75-100 (m and with a thickness 6 pm. Sections were stained with thionin staining. Purkinje cells were counted under a light m...
SERUM ZINE AND COPPER LEVELS OF EPILEPTIC PATIENTS BEFORE AND AFTER DRUG THERAPY ✓ In 42 epilepti... more SERUM ZINE AND COPPER LEVELS OF EPILEPTIC PATIENTS BEFORE AND AFTER DRUG THERAPY ✓ In 42 epileptic patients the serum levels of copper (Cu) and zinc (zn) were determined before drug therapy had begun by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In 16 of these patients the serum levels of Zn and Cu were also determined at least 3 months after therapy. The results were compared with each other and a control comprising 20 healthy individuals. The mean serum Zn levels of the patients prior to drug therapy, undergoing therapy and the control group were 79.42+17.7 , 83.6+18.3 and 86.95+ 18.61 Hg/100 ml respectively. The mean serum copper levels of the patients prior to therapy, undergoing therapy and the control group were 117+ 21.9, 123.1+18.4 and 119.4, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences bet¬ween the groups (p> 0.05). Serum Zn levels decreased in patients using diphenylhydantoin (DDH) and increased in patients using carbamazepin (CBZ). But, neither of these ...
The effects of calcium channel blocker, nifedipine on spinal monosynaptic reflexes were investiga... more The effects of calcium channel blocker, nifedipine on spinal monosynaptic reflexes were investigated in spinal cats. Nifedipine was administrated-locally (10, 50, 100s |imol/l) and intraperitoneally (5; 10, 20 mg/kg). Adult cats (n=10), weighing 1,5-3 kg were anesthetized with ketamine (50 mg/kg, I.M.) and artificially ventilated. Animals were spinalized at C j level. A laminectomy was perfor¬med in the lumbosacral region. The ventral and dorsal roots of segment L5 were isolated and a pouch of skin was formed at the site of the dissection, to allow the exposed tissues to be covered with liquid paraffin, which was kept at 38.5±0.5°C with a heating pad. A po-lyethylene cannula was introduced into the left carotiid artery to moniter blood pressure, which was kept above 100 mmHg. The dorsal root of segment L5 was placed on a silver-silver chloride wire electrode for sti-mulation throgh an isolatin unit. The reflex potentials were recorded from the ipsilateral L5 ventral root, mounted on...
Copper and magnesium levels in the brain hemispheres of rat ✓The content of copper (Cu2+), and ma... more Copper and magnesium levels in the brain hemispheres of rat ✓The content of copper (Cu2+), and magnesium (Mg2+) in the left and right cerebral hemispheres of the male and female rats were measured using Perkin-Elmer 2280 (Flame) atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean contents of copper and magnesium in the right hemispheres of 15male-perfused rats were 5.30+0,56, and 85,57±8.65|ig/g; and the values of copper and magnesium in the left hemispheres were 5.70+0.58 and 81.04±7.42ng/g (wet weight, mean +SEM) respectively. The mean copper content of the left hemisphere and the mean magnesium level of the right hemisphere were slightly higher than opposite sides, but the left-right difference was not significant. On the other hand, the results that obtained from 14 female-perfused rats were very similar to that of male animals. These data show that there is no significant difference in the copper and magnesium concentrations between the whole left and right brain hemispheres in the r...
Epilepsy is one of the most important neurological diseases. Calcium ions have an important role ... more Epilepsy is one of the most important neurological diseases. Calcium ions have an important role on the regulation of cellular functions. It is accepted that calcium flux into the cell is the first step of epileptic neuronal events. In present study, the effect of flu-narizine on experimental model epilepsy induced by intracortical (i.e.) penicillin administration was investigated. The left cerebral cortex was exposed by craniotomy in anaesthetised rats. The epileptic focus was produced by injection of penicillin G potassium (500 units) into the somatomotor cortex. Following the epileptiform activity reached maximum frequency and amplitude, flunarizine was injected into the same area by Hamilton mikroinjector. Before flunarizine administration, the average frequency of spikes was 21.1±1.9/min and the average amplitude of spikes was 1080±65 pV. Microinjection of flunarizine (10, 100 pM) into the same area caused an inhibition for 3-4 minutes in elect-rocorticograms (ECoG) (p 0.05). T...
Physiologic Bases of Pain and Analgesia §/ Pain is a useful and highly complex perception. Nocice... more Physiologic Bases of Pain and Analgesia §/ Pain is a useful and highly complex perception. Nociceptors are free nerve endings. Cuta-neous nociceptors fall into two classes. A-delta mechanical nociceptors are discharge only when subjected to intense mechanical stimuli. C fiber nociceptors, on the other hand, respond not only to intense mechanical stimuli but also respond to noxious thermal and chemical stimuli. Neurons in layers I and II of Rexed receive synaptic input from nocicep-tors.Nociceptive information is conveyed to the brain along several ascending pathways. Stimulation of periaquaductal gray and some other regions of brain results in analgesia. Pain perception can be controlled by descending pathways. A number of different path-ways, using several different neurotransmitters, can affect nociceptive transmission. Pain sensation can be suppressed by stimulation of A-alfa or A-beta (non-nociceptive) afferent fibers. There is considerable evidence that the cerebral cortex play...
Bu calisma bahar ve guz kurbagalarinda serebral dominantligi arastirmak amaciyla yapildi. Bahar v... more Bu calisma bahar ve guz kurbagalarinda serebral dominantligi arastirmak amaciyla yapildi. Bahar ve guz aylarinda toplanan kurbagalara intraventrikuler yoldan perfuzyon yapildi. Perfuzyona once % 0.6'lik serum fizyolojik ile baslandi ve % 10'luk formaldehit ile devam edildi. Beyinler kafatasindan cikarildiktan sonra sag ve sol hemisferleri binokuler mikros¬kop altinda ayrilarak agirlik olcumleri yapildi. Elde edilen sonuclara gore mevsimlere bagli olarak hem disi hem de erkek kurbagalarda (Rana ridibunda) agirlik bakimindan beyin hemisferleri arasinda dominanttik olmadigi tesbit edildi (p>0.05). Fonksiyonel asimetrinin izahinda agirligin onemli bir rol oynamadigi kanaatine varildi.
The relationship between hand preference and hemispheric weight in the frogs In the study, the we... more The relationship between hand preference and hemispheric weight in the frogs In the study, the weights of frog (Rana ridibunda) brain hemispheres were compared ac¬cording to extremity preference. The extremity preference of frogs were determined by using pet removing test, then perfu¬sed intracardially. Right and left hemispheres were separated under binocular microspoce. The hemispheres were weighted with balance. There was no significant difference between the weights of hemispheres in the right han¬ded and, left handed (p>0.05). It can be concluded that subhemisphere areas take a role in the preference of extremities Sunulan calisma kurbagalarda (Rana ridibunda) ekstremite tercihine gore beyin hemis-ferlerinin agirliklarini karsilastirmak amaciyla yapildi. Sulfurik asite (% l'lik) batirilmis pet kullanilarak kurbagalarin ekstremite tercihi tespit edildikten sonra intraventrikuler yoldan perfuzyon yapildi. Elde edilen beyinlerin sag ve sol hemisferi binokuler mikroskop alti...
The effects of anticonvulsant medication (Diphenylhydantoin and Carbamazepin) on the serum Ca and... more The effects of anticonvulsant medication (Diphenylhydantoin and Carbamazepin) on the serum Ca and Mg levels of epileptics ✓The effects of Diphenylhydantoin and Carbamazepine of the serum Ca and Mg levels of epi¬leptic patients has been studied. 15 untreated epileptics were followed from the begining of therapy. The patients blood samples were taken before and after 3 months of anticonvulsant therapy. Healthy control group were consist of 15 volunteers. Patient and healthy control groups serum Ca and Mg levels were measured atomic absorbtion spectrophotometrically. There was no significant differences of Ca and Mg levels in serum between the patient and healthy control groups (p>0.05). There was also no significant differences of Ca and Mg levels in serum of patients before and after the anticonvulsant therapy (p>0.05), ✓Epilepsili hastalarda antikonvulsan tedavinin Serum Ca ve Mg duzeylerine olan etkisi arastirildi. Hic tedavi gormemis olan 15 epileptik hastanin tedavi oncesi ...
EXAMINATION OF ANATOMICAL ASYMMETRY IN THE LAMB BRAIN: RHINAL SULCUS, CORONAL SULCUS, SYLVIAN FIS... more EXAMINATION OF ANATOMICAL ASYMMETRY IN THE LAMB BRAIN: RHINAL SULCUS, CORONAL SULCUS, SYLVIAN FISSURE s/ Fifty lamb brains were used in this study. The length of the rhinal sulcus, the coronal sulcus and the sylvain fissure were measured in the right and left hemispheres. Right-left asymmetries were not detected in respect to the lenght of these sulcus in both male and female lamb. Calismamizda 50 adet kuzu beyni kullanildi. Her bir beyin hemisferi uzerindeki sulcus rhinalis, sulcus coronalis ve fissura sylviana'lann uzunluklari olculdu. Bu olusumlarin uzunluklari yonunden istatistiksel olarak anlamli sag-sol asimetrisi bulunmadi.
The Comparision of Epineural anastomosis of Sciatica nerve performed with fibrin glue and suture ... more The Comparision of Epineural anastomosis of Sciatica nerve performed with fibrin glue and suture as electrophysiological ✓ 40 scitica nerves were performed the epineural anostomosis in 20 rats. Fibrin glue was used to first group. 8/0 vicryl was used to second group. At the end of the 45 days, the results were compared as electrophysiological and histological. We found that the latency and evoke voltage in to group that used fibrin glue were lower than other group and there was no significant difference between two groups as histopathological ✓ 20 Sicanda 40 siyatik sinir iki grup halinde epinoral anastomoz yapildi. Birinci grupta doku yapistiricisi, ikinci grupta 8/0 vicryl kullanildi. 45 gunun sonunda sonuclar elektrofizyolojik histolojik olarak karsilastirildi. Doku yapistiricisi (Tissel Kit) kullanilarak yapilan anostomozlu gruptaki latensi ve uyarilma voltaji diger gruba gore daha dusuktu. Histopatolojik olarak fark yoktu.
It becomes so important to understand the ionic mechanisms and intrinsic electrical pro¬perties o... more It becomes so important to understand the ionic mechanisms and intrinsic electrical pro¬perties of neurones. In this study, suboesophageal ganglia of Helix aspersa was just sub¬merged in the organ bath with ringer solution and intracellular recordings were made from the right parietal ganglia neurones by using current clamp technique in vitro. Action potentials (APs) were recorded from four cells having same electrophysiological properties and placed in the medial part of right parietal ganglia. The duration and ampli¬tude were 5.111.8 ms and 80-100 mV respectively. All action potentials overshooted and had a small hyperpolarization after AP (undershoot). Resting membrane potential of these cells was -52.817.5 mV. The current-voltage (I-V) relationship was linear and the cell fired regularly with a frequency of 1.5 Hz. The APs of second type of neurones, placed in the lateral part of right parietal ganglia had different biophysical properties with two frequen¬cies. In the first term...
Effects of Calcium and Zinc on the Membrane Permeability In this study, the effects of calcium an... more Effects of Calcium and Zinc on the Membrane Permeability In this study, the effects of calcium and zinc on the membrane of yeast cell were inves¬tigated at the high temperatures. A variety of concentration of calcium and calcium-zinc mixed solutions were used du¬ring the experiments. 8-10 drips, 0.5% congo red were added to the yeast solution, which was made up by mixture of calcium and calcium-zinc. They were incubated for 30 min. in the different temperatures. Then, the number of cells which had congo red was counted under light microscope. Obtained data show, that number of cell which congo red passed through their memb¬rane was less in the experiment group than control group. It has been concluded that calcium and zinc can show membrane protective effects by reactions with protein and glicolipids via stimulating enzyme synthesis in the membra¬ne. Bu calismada maya hucresi membraninin temperature karsi dayanikliligina kalsiyum ve cinkonun etkileri arastirildi. Arastirma esnasinda...
Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 1999
The aim of this study was to estimate the total number of cells in the subdivisions of the cochle... more The aim of this study was to estimate the total number of cells in the subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus (CN) of the rat with unbiased stereological methods. The total number of neurons was determined in both the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) and the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) to compare the right and left sides. The total cell numbers were 15,280 in the left VCN, 15,400 in the right VCN, 10,260 in the left DCN, and 10,860 in the right DCN. Comparison of the right and left major subdivisions of the CN of the rat showed that there was no significant difference between the right and left sides of the rat CN. This result indicates that the CNs do not contribute to auditory lateralization in the rat in regard to cell numbers.
Abstract A study designed to investigate how the cellular laterality in rosto-caudal direction ch... more Abstract A study designed to investigate how the cellular laterality in rosto-caudal direction changes due to age and sex was presented. It is a well-known fact that asymmetry is an important issue in understanding brain functions. Frontal sections of 5 µm thickness with ...
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Papers by C. Marangoz