Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, Apr 1, 2013
Abstract iPads® are increasingly used in the education of children with autism spectrum disorder.... more Abstract iPads® are increasingly used in the education of children with autism spectrum disorder. However, few empirical studies have examined the effects of iPads® on student behaviors. The purpose of this study was to compare academic instruction delivered with an iPad® to instruction delivered through traditional materials for two students with autism spectrum disorder who engaged in escape-maintained challenging behavior. An ABAB reversal design was utilized in which academic instruction with an iPad® and academic instruction with traditional materials were compared. Both participants demonstrated lower levels of challenging behavior and higher levels of academic engagement in the iPad® condition and higher levels of challenging behavior with lower levels of academic engagement during the traditional materials condition. These results suggest that the use of an iPad® as a means of instructional delivery may reduce escape-maintained behavior for some children with autism. Suggestions for future research directions are discussed.
Although research has investigated the impact of peer-mediated interventions and visual scripts o... more Although research has investigated the impact of peer-mediated interventions and visual scripts on social and communication skills in children with autism spectrum disorders, no studies to date have investigated peer-mediated implementation of scripts. This study investigated the effects of peer-implemented scripts on a middle school student with autism, intellectual impairments, and speech-language impairment via a multiple baseline single-case research design across behaviors. The target student demonstrated improvements in three communicative behaviors when implemented by a trained peer; however, behaviors did not generalize to use with an untrained typically developing peer.
espanolLa inclusion de alumnos con autismo ha sido un desafio para los educadores que apuntan car... more espanolLa inclusion de alumnos con autismo ha sido un desafio para los educadores que apuntan carencias em su formacion, especialmente encuanto a alternativas de intervencionenel contexto escolar. La literatura internacional destaca evidencias de efectividad de una modalidad de intervencion aun ausente em la literatura nacional, conocida como Intervencion Mediada por Pares (IMP). Este estudiotiene por objetivo revisar la IMP em la educacion de alumnos con autismo y sus implicaciones para La investigacion y para La practica pedagogica. Los supuestos teoricos Del desarrollo infantil que fundamentan esta intervencion se examinaron para describir La evolucion de los diferentes procedimientos y metodologias historicamente utilizados. Las investigaciones evidencian La efectividad de esta intervencion para las habilidades sociales de alumnos de La educacion especial y, mas recientemente, para ela prendizaje academico de ninos con autismo. El alcance de La implementacion en ambientes naturales a controlados, el bajo costo y complejidad favorecen su utilizacion como practica pedagogica por profesores de escuelas de educacion infantil enel contexto inclusivo. Sin embargo, se identifica La necesidad de investigaciones que investiguen La eficacia de la IMP enel contexto educativo Brasileno. EnglishInclusion of students with autism has been a challenge for educators who indicate gaps in professional training, especially regarding interventions in the school context. The international literature shows evidence of effectiveness of a type of intervention not found in the national literature, called Peer Mediated intervention (PMI).This study aims to review the PMI in the education of students with autism and its implications for research and pedagogical practice. The theoretical principles of child development behind this intervention are examined to describe the evolution of different procedures and methodologies historically used. Researches show effectiveness of this intervention for improving social skills of special education students and, more recently, for academic learning of children with autism. The broad use from naturalistic to controlled environments, the low cost and complexity favor its use as a pedagogical practice by kindergarten teachers in inclusive settings. However, the need of future studies addressing this topic in the Brazilian educational context is identified. portuguesA inclusao de alunos com autismo tem sido um desafio para os educadores que apontam carencias em sua formacao, especialmente quanto a alternativas de intervencao no contexto escolar. A literatura internacional destaca evidencias de efetividade de uma modalidade de intervencao ainda ausente na literatura nacional, conhecida como Intervencao Mediada por Pares (IMP). Este estudo tem por objetivo revisar a IMP na educacao de alunos com autismo e suas implicacoes para a pesquisa e para a pratica pedagogica. Os pressupostos teoricos do desenvolvimento infantil que fundamentam esta intervencao foram examinados para descrevera evolucao dos diferentes procedimentos e metodologias historicamente utilizados. As pesquisas evidenciam a efetividade desta intervencao para as habilidades sociais de alunos da Educacao Especial, mais recentemente, para a aprendizagem academica de criancas com autismo. A abrangencia de implementacao em ambientes naturalisticos a controlados, o baixo custo e a complexidade favorecem sua utilizacao como pratica pedagogica por professores de escolas da Educacao Infantil no contexto inclusivo. No entanto, identifica-se a necessidade de pesquisas que investiguem a eficacia da IMP no cenario educacional brasileiro.
Affected individuals usually have delayed development of speech and language by age 2. Most males... more Affected individuals usually have delayed development of speech and language by age 2. Most males with fragile X syndrome have mild to moderate intellectual disability, while about one-third of affected females are intellectually disabled. Children with fragile X syndrome may also have anxiety and hyperactive behavior such as fidgeting or impulsive actions. They may have attention deficit disorder (ADD), which includes an impaired ability to maintain attention and difficulty focusing on specific tasks. About onethird of individuals with fragile X syndrome have features of autism spectrum disorder that affect communication and social interaction. Seizures occur in about 15 percent of males and about 5 percent of females with fragile X syndrome.
Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, Apr 1, 2013
Abstract iPads® are increasingly used in the education of children with autism spectrum disorder.... more Abstract iPads® are increasingly used in the education of children with autism spectrum disorder. However, few empirical studies have examined the effects of iPads® on student behaviors. The purpose of this study was to compare academic instruction delivered with an iPad® to instruction delivered through traditional materials for two students with autism spectrum disorder who engaged in escape-maintained challenging behavior. An ABAB reversal design was utilized in which academic instruction with an iPad® and academic instruction with traditional materials were compared. Both participants demonstrated lower levels of challenging behavior and higher levels of academic engagement in the iPad® condition and higher levels of challenging behavior with lower levels of academic engagement during the traditional materials condition. These results suggest that the use of an iPad® as a means of instructional delivery may reduce escape-maintained behavior for some children with autism. Suggestions for future research directions are discussed.
Although research has investigated the impact of peer-mediated interventions and visual scripts o... more Although research has investigated the impact of peer-mediated interventions and visual scripts on social and communication skills in children with autism spectrum disorders, no studies to date have investigated peer-mediated implementation of scripts. This study investigated the effects of peer-implemented scripts on a middle school student with autism, intellectual impairments, and speech-language impairment via a multiple baseline single-case research design across behaviors. The target student demonstrated improvements in three communicative behaviors when implemented by a trained peer; however, behaviors did not generalize to use with an untrained typically developing peer.
espanolLa inclusion de alumnos con autismo ha sido un desafio para los educadores que apuntan car... more espanolLa inclusion de alumnos con autismo ha sido un desafio para los educadores que apuntan carencias em su formacion, especialmente encuanto a alternativas de intervencionenel contexto escolar. La literatura internacional destaca evidencias de efectividad de una modalidad de intervencion aun ausente em la literatura nacional, conocida como Intervencion Mediada por Pares (IMP). Este estudiotiene por objetivo revisar la IMP em la educacion de alumnos con autismo y sus implicaciones para La investigacion y para La practica pedagogica. Los supuestos teoricos Del desarrollo infantil que fundamentan esta intervencion se examinaron para describir La evolucion de los diferentes procedimientos y metodologias historicamente utilizados. Las investigaciones evidencian La efectividad de esta intervencion para las habilidades sociales de alumnos de La educacion especial y, mas recientemente, para ela prendizaje academico de ninos con autismo. El alcance de La implementacion en ambientes naturales a controlados, el bajo costo y complejidad favorecen su utilizacion como practica pedagogica por profesores de escuelas de educacion infantil enel contexto inclusivo. Sin embargo, se identifica La necesidad de investigaciones que investiguen La eficacia de la IMP enel contexto educativo Brasileno. EnglishInclusion of students with autism has been a challenge for educators who indicate gaps in professional training, especially regarding interventions in the school context. The international literature shows evidence of effectiveness of a type of intervention not found in the national literature, called Peer Mediated intervention (PMI).This study aims to review the PMI in the education of students with autism and its implications for research and pedagogical practice. The theoretical principles of child development behind this intervention are examined to describe the evolution of different procedures and methodologies historically used. Researches show effectiveness of this intervention for improving social skills of special education students and, more recently, for academic learning of children with autism. The broad use from naturalistic to controlled environments, the low cost and complexity favor its use as a pedagogical practice by kindergarten teachers in inclusive settings. However, the need of future studies addressing this topic in the Brazilian educational context is identified. portuguesA inclusao de alunos com autismo tem sido um desafio para os educadores que apontam carencias em sua formacao, especialmente quanto a alternativas de intervencao no contexto escolar. A literatura internacional destaca evidencias de efetividade de uma modalidade de intervencao ainda ausente na literatura nacional, conhecida como Intervencao Mediada por Pares (IMP). Este estudo tem por objetivo revisar a IMP na educacao de alunos com autismo e suas implicacoes para a pesquisa e para a pratica pedagogica. Os pressupostos teoricos do desenvolvimento infantil que fundamentam esta intervencao foram examinados para descrevera evolucao dos diferentes procedimentos e metodologias historicamente utilizados. As pesquisas evidenciam a efetividade desta intervencao para as habilidades sociais de alunos da Educacao Especial, mais recentemente, para a aprendizagem academica de criancas com autismo. A abrangencia de implementacao em ambientes naturalisticos a controlados, o baixo custo e a complexidade favorecem sua utilizacao como pratica pedagogica por professores de escolas da Educacao Infantil no contexto inclusivo. No entanto, identifica-se a necessidade de pesquisas que investiguem a eficacia da IMP no cenario educacional brasileiro.
Affected individuals usually have delayed development of speech and language by age 2. Most males... more Affected individuals usually have delayed development of speech and language by age 2. Most males with fragile X syndrome have mild to moderate intellectual disability, while about one-third of affected females are intellectually disabled. Children with fragile X syndrome may also have anxiety and hyperactive behavior such as fidgeting or impulsive actions. They may have attention deficit disorder (ADD), which includes an impaired ability to maintain attention and difficulty focusing on specific tasks. About onethird of individuals with fragile X syndrome have features of autism spectrum disorder that affect communication and social interaction. Seizures occur in about 15 percent of males and about 5 percent of females with fragile X syndrome.
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