Forfattaren noterade ett trotthetssyndrom redan 1958 hos patienter som genomgatt Asiaten, en infl... more Forfattaren noterade ett trotthetssyndrom redan 1958 hos patienter som genomgatt Asiaten, en influensa som da harjade i Sverige. Insjuknade sjalv i Asiaten och utvecklade en allvarlig trotthet. Sjalvforsok, genomforda pa 1960-talet, ledde till behandling med stafylokockvaccinet Staphypan, ett vaccin med superantigen effekt. Diagnosen kroniskt trotthetssyndrom etablerades inom medicin 1988 och gar nu under namnet myalgisk encefalomyelit/kroniskt trotthetssyndrom (ME/CFS). Ar 1992 paborjades systematisk forskning med Staphypan. Tva dubbelblindstudier gav evidens for behandlingseffekt. Tyvarr drogs vaccinet in 2005 och nagot ersattningspreparat har vi inte kunnat finna. Sammantaget ar stodet for somatogenes vid ME/CFS patagligt aven om man tidigare antagit att sjukdomen varit psykosomatisk. Storning i patienternas immunsystem ar en hypotes som far stod fran flera hall. Tillsammans med professor Jonas Blomberg visades 2012 att vid ME/CFS finns en infektionsbetingad autoimmunitet riktad ...
In this multicentre study, the clinical efficacy of citalopram was investigated in 98 patients wi... more In this multicentre study, the clinical efficacy of citalopram was investigated in 98 patients with moderate AD/SDAT or VD using a combined double-blind and open technique with placebo and citalopram. Analyses were made for each diagnosis after four weeks of double-blind treatment. Patients with AD/SDAT treated with citalopram showed a significant improvement in emotional bluntness, confusion, irritability, anxiety, fear/panic, depressed mood and restlessness. Those improvements were not found after treatment with placebo. There were no significant improvements in patients with VD. No improvements were recorded in motor or cognitive impairment. Citalopram provoked few and comparatively mild side-effects. None of the changes observed during the double-blind withdrawal period were identified as withdrawal symptoms or rebound phenomena.
Transmitter Biochemistry of Human Brain Tissue, 1981
When discussing aging and the aged it is of importance to separate normal or physiological aging ... more When discussing aging and the aged it is of importance to separate normal or physiological aging or orthoinvolution from pathological aging or pathoinvolution. The borderline between normal and pathological aging, however, is not sharp. Normal aging will usually not induce severe mental impairment if no other complications arise, even if the individual reaches a very old age.
SummaryIn Sweden, a psychiatry reform, aimed at improving the living conditions of the psychiatri... more SummaryIn Sweden, a psychiatry reform, aimed at improving the living conditions of the psychiatrically disabled, came into force in 1995. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the reform by investigating quality of life and standard of living 2 years later in a randomly selected group of people with longstanding psychiatric disability. Self-ratings and interviews were conducted in a study group and a control group. The study group consisted of 19 women and 18 men (mean age 46.1 years) diagnosed with neurosis, schizophrenia or affective disorder. The control group consisted of 19 women and 17 men (mean age 48.7 years). Self-rated quality of life was significantly poorer in the study group (P < 0.0001, unpaired t-test), and so was housing (P < 0.001, test of similar proportions in independent samples). We found no significant positive correlation between subjective quality of life and standard of living in either group but a significant negative correlation ...
Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) also known as ME/CFS (Chronic Fatigue Syndrome) or ME/SEID (System... more Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) also known as ME/CFS (Chronic Fatigue Syndrome) or ME/SEID (Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disorder), is a disabling and often long-lasting disease that can drastically impair quality of life and physical/social functioning of the patients. Underlying pathological mechanisms are to a large extent unknown, but the presence of autoantibodies, cytokine pattern deviations and the presentation of cognitive and autonomic nervous system related symptoms provide evidence for ME being an immunological disorder with elements of autoimmunity. Increased levels of autoantibodies binding to adrenergic and muscarinic receptors in ME-patients have been reported. It is hypothesized that these autoantibodies have pathological significance and contribute to the ME-specific symptoms, however, these observations need to be validated. This study was designed to investigate potential differences in adrenergic and muscarinic receptor autoantibody levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples between ME patients and gender and age-matched healthy controls, and to correlate the autoantibody levels to disease severity. We collected bodyfluids and health-related questionnaires from two Swedish ME cohorts, plasma and CSF from one of the cohorts (n = 24), only plasma from the second cohort (n = 24) together with plasma samples (n = 24) and CSF (n = 6) from healthy controls. All samples were analysed for IgG autoantibodies directed against Alpha- (α1, α2) and Beta- (β1-3) adrenergic receptors and Muscarinic (M) 1–5 acetylcholine receptors using an ELISA technique. The questionnaires were used as measures of disease severity. Significant increases in autoantibody levels in ME patients compared to controls were found for M3 and M4 -receptors in both cohorts and β1, β2, M3 and M4-receptors in one cohort. No significant correlations were found between autoantibody levels and disease severity. No significant levels of autoantibodies were detected in the CSF samples. These findings support previous findings that there exists a general pattern of increased antibody levels to adrenergic and muscarinic receptors within the ME patient group. However, the role of increased adrenergic and muscarinic receptor autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of ME is still uncertain and further research is needed to evaluate the clinical significance of these findings.
As biopsies are not usually carried out in the diagnosis of dementia disorders, biological marker... more As biopsies are not usually carried out in the diagnosis of dementia disorders, biological markers for dementia must be searched for in the body fluids. Although no changes are found in the concentrations of active amines and minor metabolites of the monoamines in CSF, the major metabolites, homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA), are significantly reduced in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT). The findings from CSF concur with postmortem brain tissue investigations in demented patients. Significant correlations are found between reduced concentrations of monoamine metabolites in CSF and behavioural disturbances as rated by the GBS-scale. Neuroendocrinological studies in dementia show that there is a pathological response to the dexamethasone suppression test in patients with AD, SDAT and multi-infarction dementia (MID). Also, when assessing the postsynaptic NA-sensitivity by giving clonidine, a blunted growth hormone response was re...
... De var sloa och saknade intresse for omgivningen; somliga var oroliga och visade aggressivite... more ... De var sloa och saknade intresse for omgivningen; somliga var oroliga och visade aggressivitet (Byrne et a/., 1974). Undersokningar har visat att neuroleptika i depiform kan minska recidivfrekvensen vid schizofreni (Leff & Wing, 1971 ; Gottfries & Green, 1974). ...
Vidstaende artikel ar en bearbetning av eft foredrag vid Skandinavisk Psykofarmakologisk Selskabs... more Vidstaende artikel ar en bearbetning av eft foredrag vid Skandinavisk Psykofarmakologisk Selskabs mote i Kopenhamn mars 1973. Redaktionen har velat bereda relativt stort utrymme at artikeln med hansyn till att hit-tills endast fa rapporter om svara litiumintoxikationer publicerats. Amdi Amdisen ar aeerlakare vid Statshospitalet i arhus. Risskov, Carl Gerhard Gottfries professor och overlakare vid psykiatriska kliniken, Umea, vid vilken klinik Lars Jacobsson ar t. f. birr overlakare. Bengt Winblad ar t, f. universitetslektor vid patologiska institutionen, Umea.
The possible relationship between growth hormone (GH) responses to the dopamine (DA) agonist apom... more The possible relationship between growth hormone (GH) responses to the dopamine (DA) agonist apomorphine (APO; 0.24 mg i.v.) and CSF concentrations of the monoamine metabolites was investigated in 15 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). A significant negative correlation was found between the CSF concentrations of homovanillic acid (HVA) and the maximum APO-stimulated serum GH levels. Assuming that CSF HVA reflects central DA release and the GH response to APO reflects postsynaptic DA D2 receptor function, this finding suggests that low DA release is associated with upregulation of DA D2 in DAT.
Forfattaren noterade ett trotthetssyndrom redan 1958 hos patienter som genomgatt Asiaten, en infl... more Forfattaren noterade ett trotthetssyndrom redan 1958 hos patienter som genomgatt Asiaten, en influensa som da harjade i Sverige. Insjuknade sjalv i Asiaten och utvecklade en allvarlig trotthet. Sjalvforsok, genomforda pa 1960-talet, ledde till behandling med stafylokockvaccinet Staphypan, ett vaccin med superantigen effekt. Diagnosen kroniskt trotthetssyndrom etablerades inom medicin 1988 och gar nu under namnet myalgisk encefalomyelit/kroniskt trotthetssyndrom (ME/CFS). Ar 1992 paborjades systematisk forskning med Staphypan. Tva dubbelblindstudier gav evidens for behandlingseffekt. Tyvarr drogs vaccinet in 2005 och nagot ersattningspreparat har vi inte kunnat finna. Sammantaget ar stodet for somatogenes vid ME/CFS patagligt aven om man tidigare antagit att sjukdomen varit psykosomatisk. Storning i patienternas immunsystem ar en hypotes som far stod fran flera hall. Tillsammans med professor Jonas Blomberg visades 2012 att vid ME/CFS finns en infektionsbetingad autoimmunitet riktad ...
In this multicentre study, the clinical efficacy of citalopram was investigated in 98 patients wi... more In this multicentre study, the clinical efficacy of citalopram was investigated in 98 patients with moderate AD/SDAT or VD using a combined double-blind and open technique with placebo and citalopram. Analyses were made for each diagnosis after four weeks of double-blind treatment. Patients with AD/SDAT treated with citalopram showed a significant improvement in emotional bluntness, confusion, irritability, anxiety, fear/panic, depressed mood and restlessness. Those improvements were not found after treatment with placebo. There were no significant improvements in patients with VD. No improvements were recorded in motor or cognitive impairment. Citalopram provoked few and comparatively mild side-effects. None of the changes observed during the double-blind withdrawal period were identified as withdrawal symptoms or rebound phenomena.
Transmitter Biochemistry of Human Brain Tissue, 1981
When discussing aging and the aged it is of importance to separate normal or physiological aging ... more When discussing aging and the aged it is of importance to separate normal or physiological aging or orthoinvolution from pathological aging or pathoinvolution. The borderline between normal and pathological aging, however, is not sharp. Normal aging will usually not induce severe mental impairment if no other complications arise, even if the individual reaches a very old age.
SummaryIn Sweden, a psychiatry reform, aimed at improving the living conditions of the psychiatri... more SummaryIn Sweden, a psychiatry reform, aimed at improving the living conditions of the psychiatrically disabled, came into force in 1995. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the reform by investigating quality of life and standard of living 2 years later in a randomly selected group of people with longstanding psychiatric disability. Self-ratings and interviews were conducted in a study group and a control group. The study group consisted of 19 women and 18 men (mean age 46.1 years) diagnosed with neurosis, schizophrenia or affective disorder. The control group consisted of 19 women and 17 men (mean age 48.7 years). Self-rated quality of life was significantly poorer in the study group (P < 0.0001, unpaired t-test), and so was housing (P < 0.001, test of similar proportions in independent samples). We found no significant positive correlation between subjective quality of life and standard of living in either group but a significant negative correlation ...
Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) also known as ME/CFS (Chronic Fatigue Syndrome) or ME/SEID (System... more Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) also known as ME/CFS (Chronic Fatigue Syndrome) or ME/SEID (Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disorder), is a disabling and often long-lasting disease that can drastically impair quality of life and physical/social functioning of the patients. Underlying pathological mechanisms are to a large extent unknown, but the presence of autoantibodies, cytokine pattern deviations and the presentation of cognitive and autonomic nervous system related symptoms provide evidence for ME being an immunological disorder with elements of autoimmunity. Increased levels of autoantibodies binding to adrenergic and muscarinic receptors in ME-patients have been reported. It is hypothesized that these autoantibodies have pathological significance and contribute to the ME-specific symptoms, however, these observations need to be validated. This study was designed to investigate potential differences in adrenergic and muscarinic receptor autoantibody levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples between ME patients and gender and age-matched healthy controls, and to correlate the autoantibody levels to disease severity. We collected bodyfluids and health-related questionnaires from two Swedish ME cohorts, plasma and CSF from one of the cohorts (n = 24), only plasma from the second cohort (n = 24) together with plasma samples (n = 24) and CSF (n = 6) from healthy controls. All samples were analysed for IgG autoantibodies directed against Alpha- (α1, α2) and Beta- (β1-3) adrenergic receptors and Muscarinic (M) 1–5 acetylcholine receptors using an ELISA technique. The questionnaires were used as measures of disease severity. Significant increases in autoantibody levels in ME patients compared to controls were found for M3 and M4 -receptors in both cohorts and β1, β2, M3 and M4-receptors in one cohort. No significant correlations were found between autoantibody levels and disease severity. No significant levels of autoantibodies were detected in the CSF samples. These findings support previous findings that there exists a general pattern of increased antibody levels to adrenergic and muscarinic receptors within the ME patient group. However, the role of increased adrenergic and muscarinic receptor autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of ME is still uncertain and further research is needed to evaluate the clinical significance of these findings.
As biopsies are not usually carried out in the diagnosis of dementia disorders, biological marker... more As biopsies are not usually carried out in the diagnosis of dementia disorders, biological markers for dementia must be searched for in the body fluids. Although no changes are found in the concentrations of active amines and minor metabolites of the monoamines in CSF, the major metabolites, homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA), are significantly reduced in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT). The findings from CSF concur with postmortem brain tissue investigations in demented patients. Significant correlations are found between reduced concentrations of monoamine metabolites in CSF and behavioural disturbances as rated by the GBS-scale. Neuroendocrinological studies in dementia show that there is a pathological response to the dexamethasone suppression test in patients with AD, SDAT and multi-infarction dementia (MID). Also, when assessing the postsynaptic NA-sensitivity by giving clonidine, a blunted growth hormone response was re...
... De var sloa och saknade intresse for omgivningen; somliga var oroliga och visade aggressivite... more ... De var sloa och saknade intresse for omgivningen; somliga var oroliga och visade aggressivitet (Byrne et a/., 1974). Undersokningar har visat att neuroleptika i depiform kan minska recidivfrekvensen vid schizofreni (Leff & Wing, 1971 ; Gottfries & Green, 1974). ...
Vidstaende artikel ar en bearbetning av eft foredrag vid Skandinavisk Psykofarmakologisk Selskabs... more Vidstaende artikel ar en bearbetning av eft foredrag vid Skandinavisk Psykofarmakologisk Selskabs mote i Kopenhamn mars 1973. Redaktionen har velat bereda relativt stort utrymme at artikeln med hansyn till att hit-tills endast fa rapporter om svara litiumintoxikationer publicerats. Amdi Amdisen ar aeerlakare vid Statshospitalet i arhus. Risskov, Carl Gerhard Gottfries professor och overlakare vid psykiatriska kliniken, Umea, vid vilken klinik Lars Jacobsson ar t. f. birr overlakare. Bengt Winblad ar t, f. universitetslektor vid patologiska institutionen, Umea.
The possible relationship between growth hormone (GH) responses to the dopamine (DA) agonist apom... more The possible relationship between growth hormone (GH) responses to the dopamine (DA) agonist apomorphine (APO; 0.24 mg i.v.) and CSF concentrations of the monoamine metabolites was investigated in 15 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). A significant negative correlation was found between the CSF concentrations of homovanillic acid (HVA) and the maximum APO-stimulated serum GH levels. Assuming that CSF HVA reflects central DA release and the GH response to APO reflects postsynaptic DA D2 receptor function, this finding suggests that low DA release is associated with upregulation of DA D2 in DAT.
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Papers by Carl-gerhard Gottfries