Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski is one of the fast-growing malignant weeds in South China. It... more Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski is one of the fast-growing malignant weeds in South China. It has severely influenced local biodiversity and native plant habitat. Photosynthesis is the material basis of plant growth and development. However, there are few reports on the photosynthetic transcriptome of S. trilobata. In this study, S. trilobata had a relatively large leaf area and biomass. The gas exchange parameters per unit area of leaves, including net photosynthetic capacity (Pn), intercellular CO2 (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), water use efficiency (WUE), photosynthetic pigment and Rubisco protein content were higher than those of the native plant Sphagneticola calendulacea (L.) Pruski. On this basis, the differences in photosynthesis pathways between the two Sphagneticola species were analyzed by using the Illumina HiSeq platform. The sequencing results for S. trilobata and S. calendulacea revealed 159,366 and 177,069 unigenes, respectively. Functi...
The leaves of many plants are red during particular stages of their lives, but the adaptive signi... more The leaves of many plants are red during particular stages of their lives, but the adaptive significance of leaf colouration is not yet clearly understood. In order to reveal whether anthocyanins play a similar role (i.e. antioxidants) in different seasonal contexts, this study investigated species with red young leaves in the subtropical forest of Dinghushan biosphere reserve (South China) during summer and winter and compared group leaf characteristics between the two seasons. Of 62 total species, 33 exhibited red young leaves in summer only, 6 in winter only, and 23 in both seasons. The anthocyanins extracted from most of these species had an absorption peak at ~530 nm. Frequency distribution analysis showed that the species containing anthocyanins at levels ranging from 0.02 to 0.04 μmol cm−2 occurred most frequently in summer or winter. Based on conditional grouping of the species, no significant variation was observed in the average anthocyanin contents and antioxidant abiliti...
Seagrasses play an important role in coastal marine ecosystems, but they have been increasingly t... more Seagrasses play an important role in coastal marine ecosystems, but they have been increasingly threatened by human activities. In recent years, seagrass communities have rapidly degenerated in the coastal marine ecosystems of China. To identify the reasons for the decline in seagrasses, the phytotoxic effects of trace metals (Cu, Cd and Zn) on the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii were investigated, and the environmental contents of the metals were analyzed where the seagrass grows. The results showed that leaf necrosis in T. hemprichii exposed to 0.01-0.1 mg L of Cu for 5 days was more serious than that in plants exposed to the same concentrations of Cd and Zn. The chlorophyll content in T. hemprichii declined in a concentration-dependent manner after 5 days of exposure to Cu, Cd and Zn. The evident reduction in ΔF/F' in T. hemprichii leaves was observed at day 1 of exposure to 0.01-1.0 mg L of Cu and at day 3 of exposure to 0.1-1.0 mg L of Cd. The antioxidant enzyme activities (S...
The abundance of phenolic compounds (including anthocyanins) in leaves is associated with photosy... more The abundance of phenolic compounds (including anthocyanins) in leaves is associated with photosynthetic performance, but the regulatory mechanism is unclear. Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. and Cryptocarya concinna Hance., which exhibit distinct anthocyanin accumulation patterns, are dominant tree species in the early- and late-successional stages, respectively, of subtropical forests in China. RNA-seq and analyses of phenolic concentrations, antioxidant capacity and photosynthetic characteristics were performed on young and mature leaves of these two species under contrasting light conditions. The high-light-acclimated young leaves of S. superba and C. concinna and low-light-acclimated young leaves of C. concinna were red. These red leaves had higher ratios of electron transport rate to gross photosynthesis (ETR:Pgross) and total antioxidant capacity to chlorophyll (TAC:Chl) than did the green leaves, regardless of light conditions. In addition, the red leaves had a higher express...
The presence of anthocyanins in young leaves plays an important role in mitigation against photod... more The presence of anthocyanins in young leaves plays an important role in mitigation against photodamage and allows leaves to grow and develop normally. Many studies have reported that foliar anthocyanins are distributed within the vacuoles of mesophyll cells, so we explored the novel defence style of anthocyanin-coated young leaves of Castanopsis fissa, a dominant subtropical forest tree species, via removable trichomes. Anthocyanins were distributed in C. fissa leaf trichomes, which produced a red coating for the young leaves. As young leaves developed and then matured, the thickness and density of the anthocyanin trichomes progressively decreased, the coating finally disappearing, allowing greater utilization of light by mature leaves. In addition to anthocyanins, the trichomes contained a remarkably high amount of phenolics, which enable the red coating to be more efficient in screening ultraviolet light. Compared with mature leaves, the young leaves exhibited lower photosynthetic...
ABSTRACT Solidago canadensis is a noxious invasive weed of Eastern China. It is still unclear how... more ABSTRACT Solidago canadensis is a noxious invasive weed of Eastern China. It is still unclear how its invasion affects the soil microbial com-munity structure and mineralization processes. Therefore, the microbial community structure (assessed by phospholipid fatty acid [PLFA]) and potential mineralization processes associated with its invasion were mea-sured in five field areas in Zhejiang Province, China. Phospholipid fatty acid abundances of bacterial, fungal, actinomycete, two function groups (i.e., Gram-negative bacteria and mycorrhizae), and two ratios for Gram-negative/positive bacterial PLFAs and fungal/bacterial PLFAs were sig-nificantly higher in soils invaded by Solidago than in the native soil (P G 0.05), whereas the ratio cy17:0/16:1U7 decreased (P G 0.05). Ammonification, cellulose, and organic phosphorus mineralization also significantly increased following the invasion of Solidago, re-spectively, but the nitrification significantly decreased (P G 0.05). Principal components analysis for the PLFA data sets clearly discriminated the native plots from the invaded plots. Redundancy analysis with Monte Carlo permutation tests showed that some PLFAs such as 10:0, 12:0, cy17:0, cy19:0, 16:1U7, 18:1U9, 18:1U7, 18:2U6, 16:1U5, 10Me18:0, 10ME17:0, 10Me16:0, 17:1U8, and 18:0 were strongly correlated with rates of ammonification, nitrification, and cellulose and organic phos-phorus decomposition. These results suggest that the invasion-induced changes in soil microbial community structure and nutrient transforma-tion processes (especially nitrification inhibition and ammonification pro-motion) may be one of the reasons why Solidago becomes predominant in competition with indigenous species for soil nutrients in the invaded ecosystem.
In order to study the antioxidative potential of amaranthine and its relationships with photoprot... more In order to study the antioxidative potential of amaranthine and its relationships with photoprotection, changes of PS II activity of red and green tissue in the same edible amaranth leaf were compared under photooxidation treatment induced by MV (methyl viologen) or H 2 O 2. In the first 90 min of MV treatment, PS II maintained stable activity; the chlorophyll-fluorescence parameters were close to those of the controls. However, with the extension of treatment time, during 90-300 min of continuous photooxidative stress, F v /F m , Y (II) and Y (NPQ) of leaf discs decreased significantly, while Y (NO) and F o dramatically increased, which showed that the activity of PS II suffered irreversible photooxidative damage, suppressed or even completely inhibited. Compared with the control, under 50 mmol·L-1 of H 2 O 2 stress for 360 min, Y(NO) and F o increased, accompanied by Y(NPQ) and the F v /F m decreases, while Y(II), qP and ETR were slightly increased, reflecting that treatment with...
This study compared the response to methyl viologen (MV)-induced photooxidation in wild-type barl... more This study compared the response to methyl viologen (MV)-induced photooxidation in wild-type barley (wt), and both its chlorina f104-nuclear gene mutant (that restricts Chl a and b synthesis) and its f2-nuclear gene mutant (that inhibits all Chl b synthesis). Without MV, the f2 mutant showed the highest sensitivity to high light, with Fv/Fm being reduced by 80% after 80 min of irradiation. There was little difference in response to high light without MV between f104 and wt. After vacuum infiltration with 100 μM MV and exposure to high light, f104 exhibited the highest sensitivity while f2 was the most tolerant to the photooxidation effects. 77K fluorescence spectral analysis indicated that PSII of f104 was especially damaged, as evidenced by the appearance of a new Chl a emission band around 700 nm at the expense of the F685 and F695 bands from the PSII core-inner antenna. With MV, chlorophyll degraded more rapidly in f104 than in either f2 or wt. During MV treatment, zeaxanthin con...
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban
To uncover the autotoxic mechanism of the continuous cropping obstacle in planting of Angelica si... more To uncover the autotoxic mechanism of the continuous cropping obstacle in planting of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, the type and structure of autotoxic chemicals from A. sinensis were isolated and identified by column chromatography and tracking bioassay. Using the aboveground parts (stems + leaves) of A. sinensis in vegetative growth stage as donor materials in this experiment, which were extracted with the ratio of material to water is 1:20 under Ultrasonic-assisted conditions, and the water-extraction solution with mass concentration of 0.1 g DW mL-1 was got after the extracting solution was treated through vacuum filtration twice and pressure-reducing condensation. Petroleum ether phase, ethyl acetate phase and n-butyl alcohol phase were obtained by extracting and isolating with several organic solvents in turn, the ethyl acetate phase was identified as the phase of the strongest autotoxic activity (M =-0.2476) using tracking bioassay, which was isolated by column chromatogra...
Several auxin herbicides, such as 2, 4-D and dicamba, have been used to eradicate an exotic invas... more Several auxin herbicides, such as 2, 4-D and dicamba, have been used to eradicate an exotic invasive weed Ipomoea cairica in subtropical China, but restraining the re-explosion of this weed is still a challenge. Since ethylene is one of the major intermediate functioning products during the eradication process, we explored the possibility, mechanism and efficiency of using ethephon which can release ethylene to control Ipomoea cairica. The results of the pot experiment showed that 7.2 g /L ethephon could totally kill Ipomoea cairica including the stems and roots. The water culture experiment indicated that ethephon released an abundance of ethylene directly in leaves and caused increases in electrolyte leakage, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), abscisic acid (ABA) and H2O2 and decreases in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity, finally leading to the death of Ipomoea cairica. The field experiment showed that the theoretical effective concentration of ethephon fo...
Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski is one of the fast-growing malignant weeds in South China. It... more Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski is one of the fast-growing malignant weeds in South China. It has severely influenced local biodiversity and native plant habitat. Photosynthesis is the material basis of plant growth and development. However, there are few reports on the photosynthetic transcriptome of S. trilobata. In this study, S. trilobata had a relatively large leaf area and biomass. The gas exchange parameters per unit area of leaves, including net photosynthetic capacity (Pn), intercellular CO2 (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), water use efficiency (WUE), photosynthetic pigment and Rubisco protein content were higher than those of the native plant Sphagneticola calendulacea (L.) Pruski. On this basis, the differences in photosynthesis pathways between the two Sphagneticola species were analyzed by using the Illumina HiSeq platform. The sequencing results for S. trilobata and S. calendulacea revealed 159,366 and 177,069 unigenes, respectively. Functi...
The leaves of many plants are red during particular stages of their lives, but the adaptive signi... more The leaves of many plants are red during particular stages of their lives, but the adaptive significance of leaf colouration is not yet clearly understood. In order to reveal whether anthocyanins play a similar role (i.e. antioxidants) in different seasonal contexts, this study investigated species with red young leaves in the subtropical forest of Dinghushan biosphere reserve (South China) during summer and winter and compared group leaf characteristics between the two seasons. Of 62 total species, 33 exhibited red young leaves in summer only, 6 in winter only, and 23 in both seasons. The anthocyanins extracted from most of these species had an absorption peak at ~530 nm. Frequency distribution analysis showed that the species containing anthocyanins at levels ranging from 0.02 to 0.04 μmol cm−2 occurred most frequently in summer or winter. Based on conditional grouping of the species, no significant variation was observed in the average anthocyanin contents and antioxidant abiliti...
Seagrasses play an important role in coastal marine ecosystems, but they have been increasingly t... more Seagrasses play an important role in coastal marine ecosystems, but they have been increasingly threatened by human activities. In recent years, seagrass communities have rapidly degenerated in the coastal marine ecosystems of China. To identify the reasons for the decline in seagrasses, the phytotoxic effects of trace metals (Cu, Cd and Zn) on the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii were investigated, and the environmental contents of the metals were analyzed where the seagrass grows. The results showed that leaf necrosis in T. hemprichii exposed to 0.01-0.1 mg L of Cu for 5 days was more serious than that in plants exposed to the same concentrations of Cd and Zn. The chlorophyll content in T. hemprichii declined in a concentration-dependent manner after 5 days of exposure to Cu, Cd and Zn. The evident reduction in ΔF/F' in T. hemprichii leaves was observed at day 1 of exposure to 0.01-1.0 mg L of Cu and at day 3 of exposure to 0.1-1.0 mg L of Cd. The antioxidant enzyme activities (S...
The abundance of phenolic compounds (including anthocyanins) in leaves is associated with photosy... more The abundance of phenolic compounds (including anthocyanins) in leaves is associated with photosynthetic performance, but the regulatory mechanism is unclear. Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. and Cryptocarya concinna Hance., which exhibit distinct anthocyanin accumulation patterns, are dominant tree species in the early- and late-successional stages, respectively, of subtropical forests in China. RNA-seq and analyses of phenolic concentrations, antioxidant capacity and photosynthetic characteristics were performed on young and mature leaves of these two species under contrasting light conditions. The high-light-acclimated young leaves of S. superba and C. concinna and low-light-acclimated young leaves of C. concinna were red. These red leaves had higher ratios of electron transport rate to gross photosynthesis (ETR:Pgross) and total antioxidant capacity to chlorophyll (TAC:Chl) than did the green leaves, regardless of light conditions. In addition, the red leaves had a higher express...
The presence of anthocyanins in young leaves plays an important role in mitigation against photod... more The presence of anthocyanins in young leaves plays an important role in mitigation against photodamage and allows leaves to grow and develop normally. Many studies have reported that foliar anthocyanins are distributed within the vacuoles of mesophyll cells, so we explored the novel defence style of anthocyanin-coated young leaves of Castanopsis fissa, a dominant subtropical forest tree species, via removable trichomes. Anthocyanins were distributed in C. fissa leaf trichomes, which produced a red coating for the young leaves. As young leaves developed and then matured, the thickness and density of the anthocyanin trichomes progressively decreased, the coating finally disappearing, allowing greater utilization of light by mature leaves. In addition to anthocyanins, the trichomes contained a remarkably high amount of phenolics, which enable the red coating to be more efficient in screening ultraviolet light. Compared with mature leaves, the young leaves exhibited lower photosynthetic...
ABSTRACT Solidago canadensis is a noxious invasive weed of Eastern China. It is still unclear how... more ABSTRACT Solidago canadensis is a noxious invasive weed of Eastern China. It is still unclear how its invasion affects the soil microbial com-munity structure and mineralization processes. Therefore, the microbial community structure (assessed by phospholipid fatty acid [PLFA]) and potential mineralization processes associated with its invasion were mea-sured in five field areas in Zhejiang Province, China. Phospholipid fatty acid abundances of bacterial, fungal, actinomycete, two function groups (i.e., Gram-negative bacteria and mycorrhizae), and two ratios for Gram-negative/positive bacterial PLFAs and fungal/bacterial PLFAs were sig-nificantly higher in soils invaded by Solidago than in the native soil (P G 0.05), whereas the ratio cy17:0/16:1U7 decreased (P G 0.05). Ammonification, cellulose, and organic phosphorus mineralization also significantly increased following the invasion of Solidago, re-spectively, but the nitrification significantly decreased (P G 0.05). Principal components analysis for the PLFA data sets clearly discriminated the native plots from the invaded plots. Redundancy analysis with Monte Carlo permutation tests showed that some PLFAs such as 10:0, 12:0, cy17:0, cy19:0, 16:1U7, 18:1U9, 18:1U7, 18:2U6, 16:1U5, 10Me18:0, 10ME17:0, 10Me16:0, 17:1U8, and 18:0 were strongly correlated with rates of ammonification, nitrification, and cellulose and organic phos-phorus decomposition. These results suggest that the invasion-induced changes in soil microbial community structure and nutrient transforma-tion processes (especially nitrification inhibition and ammonification pro-motion) may be one of the reasons why Solidago becomes predominant in competition with indigenous species for soil nutrients in the invaded ecosystem.
In order to study the antioxidative potential of amaranthine and its relationships with photoprot... more In order to study the antioxidative potential of amaranthine and its relationships with photoprotection, changes of PS II activity of red and green tissue in the same edible amaranth leaf were compared under photooxidation treatment induced by MV (methyl viologen) or H 2 O 2. In the first 90 min of MV treatment, PS II maintained stable activity; the chlorophyll-fluorescence parameters were close to those of the controls. However, with the extension of treatment time, during 90-300 min of continuous photooxidative stress, F v /F m , Y (II) and Y (NPQ) of leaf discs decreased significantly, while Y (NO) and F o dramatically increased, which showed that the activity of PS II suffered irreversible photooxidative damage, suppressed or even completely inhibited. Compared with the control, under 50 mmol·L-1 of H 2 O 2 stress for 360 min, Y(NO) and F o increased, accompanied by Y(NPQ) and the F v /F m decreases, while Y(II), qP and ETR were slightly increased, reflecting that treatment with...
This study compared the response to methyl viologen (MV)-induced photooxidation in wild-type barl... more This study compared the response to methyl viologen (MV)-induced photooxidation in wild-type barley (wt), and both its chlorina f104-nuclear gene mutant (that restricts Chl a and b synthesis) and its f2-nuclear gene mutant (that inhibits all Chl b synthesis). Without MV, the f2 mutant showed the highest sensitivity to high light, with Fv/Fm being reduced by 80% after 80 min of irradiation. There was little difference in response to high light without MV between f104 and wt. After vacuum infiltration with 100 μM MV and exposure to high light, f104 exhibited the highest sensitivity while f2 was the most tolerant to the photooxidation effects. 77K fluorescence spectral analysis indicated that PSII of f104 was especially damaged, as evidenced by the appearance of a new Chl a emission band around 700 nm at the expense of the F685 and F695 bands from the PSII core-inner antenna. With MV, chlorophyll degraded more rapidly in f104 than in either f2 or wt. During MV treatment, zeaxanthin con...
Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban
To uncover the autotoxic mechanism of the continuous cropping obstacle in planting of Angelica si... more To uncover the autotoxic mechanism of the continuous cropping obstacle in planting of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, the type and structure of autotoxic chemicals from A. sinensis were isolated and identified by column chromatography and tracking bioassay. Using the aboveground parts (stems + leaves) of A. sinensis in vegetative growth stage as donor materials in this experiment, which were extracted with the ratio of material to water is 1:20 under Ultrasonic-assisted conditions, and the water-extraction solution with mass concentration of 0.1 g DW mL-1 was got after the extracting solution was treated through vacuum filtration twice and pressure-reducing condensation. Petroleum ether phase, ethyl acetate phase and n-butyl alcohol phase were obtained by extracting and isolating with several organic solvents in turn, the ethyl acetate phase was identified as the phase of the strongest autotoxic activity (M =-0.2476) using tracking bioassay, which was isolated by column chromatogra...
Several auxin herbicides, such as 2, 4-D and dicamba, have been used to eradicate an exotic invas... more Several auxin herbicides, such as 2, 4-D and dicamba, have been used to eradicate an exotic invasive weed Ipomoea cairica in subtropical China, but restraining the re-explosion of this weed is still a challenge. Since ethylene is one of the major intermediate functioning products during the eradication process, we explored the possibility, mechanism and efficiency of using ethephon which can release ethylene to control Ipomoea cairica. The results of the pot experiment showed that 7.2 g /L ethephon could totally kill Ipomoea cairica including the stems and roots. The water culture experiment indicated that ethephon released an abundance of ethylene directly in leaves and caused increases in electrolyte leakage, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), abscisic acid (ABA) and H2O2 and decreases in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity, finally leading to the death of Ipomoea cairica. The field experiment showed that the theoretical effective concentration of ethephon fo...
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