Societal pressures and social norms can impact gender stereotypes through the media, parenting st... more Societal pressures and social norms can impact gender stereotypes through the media, parenting styles, and cultural backgrounds. Past research has shown that toy play behavior in children is associated with gender stereotypes and that children are cognizant of these stereotypes. According to gender stereotypes, males tended to participate in masculine activities, while females tended to participate in feminine activities (Schmalz & Kerstetter, 2006). Females were more prone to cross the gender line, especially in regards to toy play. However, previous studies did not consider the influence that the gender of the model had on children\u27s participation in toy play. This study builds upon previous research by examining the indirect environmental factors that could influence children\u27s toy play. The control group will have no human model in the room. There will be two experimental groups, one with a female model in the room, and the other with a male model in the room. The model wi...
More and more students are being identified with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and they often ... more More and more students are being identified with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and they often require evidence-based practices for assessments and interventions in the school setting. However, many school psychologists do not have extensive graduate training in ASD, even though they are often required to provide these services. This study explored the websites of programs approved by the National Association of School Psychologists to examine the relationship between ASD-specific course requirements with program faculty experience and program level. NASP-approved graduate programs were gathered and coded for program level, the number of faculty with ASD-related experience, and the number of ASD-specific courses. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the results of the data collected from the 192 NASP-approved programs. Results from the regression show that faculty with ASD-related experience and training program level account for 9.4% of the variance in ASD-specific cour...
Societal pressures and social norms can impact gender stereotypes through the media, parenting st... more Societal pressures and social norms can impact gender stereotypes through the media, parenting styles, and cultural backgrounds. Past research has shown that toy play behavior in children is associated with gender stereotypes and that children are cognizant of these stereotypes. According to gender stereotypes, males tended to participate in masculine activities, while females tended to participate in feminine activities (Schmalz & Kerstetter, 2006). Females were more prone to cross the gender line, especially in regards to toy play. However, previous studies did not consider the influence that the gender of the model had on children\u27s participation in toy play. This study builds upon previous research by examining the indirect environmental factors that could influence children\u27s toy play. The control group will have no human model in the room. There will be two experimental groups, one with a female model in the room, and the other with a male model in the room. The model wi...
More and more students are being identified with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and they often ... more More and more students are being identified with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and they often require evidence-based practices for assessments and interventions in the school setting. However, many school psychologists do not have extensive graduate training in ASD, even though they are often required to provide these services. This study explored the websites of programs approved by the National Association of School Psychologists to examine the relationship between ASD-specific course requirements with program faculty experience and program level. NASP-approved graduate programs were gathered and coded for program level, the number of faculty with ASD-related experience, and the number of ASD-specific courses. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the results of the data collected from the 192 NASP-approved programs. Results from the regression show that faculty with ASD-related experience and training program level account for 9.4% of the variance in ASD-specific cour...
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Papers by Chelsey Ruark