People with cognitive disabilities that affect their memory, attention, and comprehension can bec... more People with cognitive disabilities that affect their memory, attention, and comprehension can become overwhelmed when using technology—just as cognitively-demanding situations like driving or multitasking can hinder technology use for most people. However, appropriately-designed technology can assist in overcoming cognitive disabilities and cognitive limitations. This workshop seeks to bring together researchers and practitioners with design experience in the many areas of cognitive disability and cognitive limitation to exchange, evolve, and develop strategies for design. Workshop participants will present key lessons from their own experiences, and workshop activities will employ claims-based design strategies toward identifying, comparing, contrasting, and mapping approaches for addressing cognitive disabilities and limitations. Author Keywords cognitive disabilities, cognitive limitations, attention,
A new generation of innovative, highly visual children’s programming environments is under develo... more A new generation of innovative, highly visual children’s programming environments is under development. In this paper, we consider the instructional requirements for chil-dren learning to program in a visual environment. Based on our year-long experience using Apple Computer’s Kid-Sim/Cocoa prototype [2] and the results of a year-end as-sessment, we conclude that the children failed to grasp many aspects of the program operation. The children read-ily mastered drawing and animating characters in imaginary worlds, but struggled to achieve more complex behaviors. Lack of explicit instruction on program functionality hin-dered these children in their attempts to create more so-phisticated science programs. We explore the prospects for more effective instruction and suggest some guidelines for designing visual programming environments.
4 An interdisciplinary methodology for designing and implementing educational tools for children ... more 4 An interdisciplinary methodology for designing and implementing educational tools for children and youth with special needs
Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility - ASSETS '15, 2015
We describe progress in creating an inclusive version of an interactive simulation that presents ... more We describe progress in creating an inclusive version of an interactive simulation that presents the dynamic electric field produced by a moving charge, using an audio presentation. The results illustrate opportunities and challenges in making this simulation usable for blind users.
Proceedings of the 1985 ACM annual conference on The range of computing : mid-80's perspective mid-80's perspective - ACM '85, 1985
... one command that will change objects throughout the document, delete objects, insert new obje... more ... one command that will change objects throughout the document, delete objects, insert new objects, or rear-range existing objects. After making a change, the user may find that he or she made an error or prefers a prior version. It is valuable then to be able to undo a series of ...
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems Reaching through technology - CHI '91, 1991
Abstract : Traditional programming language design has focused on efficiency and expressiveness, ... more Abstract : Traditional programming language design has focused on efficiency and expressiveness, with minimal attention to the ease with which a programmer can translate task requirements into statements in the language, a characteristic the authors call "facility." The programming walkthrough is a method for assessing the facility of a language design before implementation. In this paper, the authors summarize the results of a programming walkthrough that evaluated the facility of "ChemTrains," a graphical programming language that is intended to allow nonprogrammers to create animated simulations. They then describe empirical testing in which subjects were asked to write their first program in ChemTrain. They compared the predictions of the walkthrough to the subjects' behavior in the tests, and concluded that the walkthrough successfully predicted much of the required knowledge. They also found, however, that programmers' metacognitive strategies sometimes demand more knowledge than a pure knowledge-level analysis would suggest. The authors conclude that the walkthrough is a valuable aid at the design stage, but it is not infallible. They also suggest that it may not be enough for programmers to know how to solve a problem; they must also understand why the solution will succeed.
Proceedings of the 7th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility - Assets '05, 2005
1. SUMMARY Cognitive disabilities are diverse and widespread, including developmental disabilitie... more 1. SUMMARY Cognitive disabilities are diverse and widespread, including developmental disabilities such as Down syndrome, and effects of brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, and severe and persistent mental illness. They are also poorly understood. The brain, the mind, and their relationship are the foci of age-old mysteries, and are seen by many as the key frontiers for research in this century. Further, in comparison with some other disabilities, cognitive disabilities are difficult for people without them to think about or even to imagine.
Proceedings of the 14th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility - ASSETS '12, 2012
People with cognitive disabilities need careful matching to find appropriate employment. However,... more People with cognitive disabilities need careful matching to find appropriate employment. However, it can be difficult for them to articulate their worries and concerns in a timely and useful manner. This work demonstrates how appropriately-designed technology can assist in accommodating cognitive disabilities, providing avenues to assess their concerns about work environments. A mobile application was developed with targeted repeated multimedia surveying to assess work concerns, with temporal- and geo-tagged answers stored for review by a personal assistant, employer, job coach, or person with a cognitive disability. An expert review provided feedback to ensure an appropriate application.
A new generation of innovative, highly visual children's programming environments is... more A new generation of innovative, highly visual children's programming environments is under development. In this paper, we consider the instructional requirements for children learning to program in a visual environment. Based on our year-long experience using Apple ...
People with cognitive disabilities that affect their memory, attention, and comprehension can bec... more People with cognitive disabilities that affect their memory, attention, and comprehension can become overwhelmed when using technology—just as cognitively-demanding situations like driving or multitasking can hinder technology use for most people. However, appropriately-designed technology can assist in overcoming cognitive disabilities and cognitive limitations. This workshop seeks to bring together researchers and practitioners with design experience in the many areas of cognitive disability and cognitive limitation to exchange, evolve, and develop strategies for design. Workshop participants will present key lessons from their own experiences, and workshop activities will employ claims-based design strategies toward identifying, comparing, contrasting, and mapping approaches for addressing cognitive disabilities and limitations. Author Keywords cognitive disabilities, cognitive limitations, attention,
A new generation of innovative, highly visual children’s programming environments is under develo... more A new generation of innovative, highly visual children’s programming environments is under development. In this paper, we consider the instructional requirements for chil-dren learning to program in a visual environment. Based on our year-long experience using Apple Computer’s Kid-Sim/Cocoa prototype [2] and the results of a year-end as-sessment, we conclude that the children failed to grasp many aspects of the program operation. The children read-ily mastered drawing and animating characters in imaginary worlds, but struggled to achieve more complex behaviors. Lack of explicit instruction on program functionality hin-dered these children in their attempts to create more so-phisticated science programs. We explore the prospects for more effective instruction and suggest some guidelines for designing visual programming environments.
4 An interdisciplinary methodology for designing and implementing educational tools for children ... more 4 An interdisciplinary methodology for designing and implementing educational tools for children and youth with special needs
Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility - ASSETS '15, 2015
We describe progress in creating an inclusive version of an interactive simulation that presents ... more We describe progress in creating an inclusive version of an interactive simulation that presents the dynamic electric field produced by a moving charge, using an audio presentation. The results illustrate opportunities and challenges in making this simulation usable for blind users.
Proceedings of the 1985 ACM annual conference on The range of computing : mid-80's perspective mid-80's perspective - ACM '85, 1985
... one command that will change objects throughout the document, delete objects, insert new obje... more ... one command that will change objects throughout the document, delete objects, insert new objects, or rear-range existing objects. After making a change, the user may find that he or she made an error or prefers a prior version. It is valuable then to be able to undo a series of ...
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems Reaching through technology - CHI '91, 1991
Abstract : Traditional programming language design has focused on efficiency and expressiveness, ... more Abstract : Traditional programming language design has focused on efficiency and expressiveness, with minimal attention to the ease with which a programmer can translate task requirements into statements in the language, a characteristic the authors call "facility." The programming walkthrough is a method for assessing the facility of a language design before implementation. In this paper, the authors summarize the results of a programming walkthrough that evaluated the facility of "ChemTrains," a graphical programming language that is intended to allow nonprogrammers to create animated simulations. They then describe empirical testing in which subjects were asked to write their first program in ChemTrain. They compared the predictions of the walkthrough to the subjects' behavior in the tests, and concluded that the walkthrough successfully predicted much of the required knowledge. They also found, however, that programmers' metacognitive strategies sometimes demand more knowledge than a pure knowledge-level analysis would suggest. The authors conclude that the walkthrough is a valuable aid at the design stage, but it is not infallible. They also suggest that it may not be enough for programmers to know how to solve a problem; they must also understand why the solution will succeed.
Proceedings of the 7th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility - Assets '05, 2005
1. SUMMARY Cognitive disabilities are diverse and widespread, including developmental disabilitie... more 1. SUMMARY Cognitive disabilities are diverse and widespread, including developmental disabilities such as Down syndrome, and effects of brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, and severe and persistent mental illness. They are also poorly understood. The brain, the mind, and their relationship are the foci of age-old mysteries, and are seen by many as the key frontiers for research in this century. Further, in comparison with some other disabilities, cognitive disabilities are difficult for people without them to think about or even to imagine.
Proceedings of the 14th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility - ASSETS '12, 2012
People with cognitive disabilities need careful matching to find appropriate employment. However,... more People with cognitive disabilities need careful matching to find appropriate employment. However, it can be difficult for them to articulate their worries and concerns in a timely and useful manner. This work demonstrates how appropriately-designed technology can assist in accommodating cognitive disabilities, providing avenues to assess their concerns about work environments. A mobile application was developed with targeted repeated multimedia surveying to assess work concerns, with temporal- and geo-tagged answers stored for review by a personal assistant, employer, job coach, or person with a cognitive disability. An expert review provided feedback to ensure an appropriate application.
A new generation of innovative, highly visual children's programming environments is... more A new generation of innovative, highly visual children's programming environments is under development. In this paper, we consider the instructional requirements for children learning to program in a visual environment. Based on our year-long experience using Apple ...
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Papers by Clayton Lewis