... 16 In several Southern African countries, namely South Africa, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibi... more ... 16 In several Southern African countries, namely South Africa, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibia, the ... Summary Findings from the 1999 HIV/Syphilis Sentinel Sero-prevalence Survey in ... Cellular and molecular effects of malnutrition and their relevance to periodontal diseases. ...
... or more decayed teeth varied from 2 to 6%. In contrast to findings in the village societies, ... more ... or more decayed teeth varied from 2 to 6%. In contrast to findings in the village societies, educated Nigerians of higher socio-economic background had high prevalence and intensity of dental caries which almost paralleled findings in Western Europeans resident in Nigeria. ...
Male weanling guinea pigs were fed ad libitum a 3% pelleted casein diet supplemented with ascorbi... more Male weanling guinea pigs were fed ad libitum a 3% pelleted casein diet supplemented with ascorbic acid while control animals were pair-fed a standard guinea-pig chow. Oedema was observed in some of the former group as early as the 2nd week and became very prominent by the end of the 3rd week. The malnourished group was characterized by reduced plasma albumin level and some disaggregation of hepatic polyribosomes but these showed no correlation in time with development of oedema. The pool of plasma essential amino acids were markedly reduced as early as Day 7, and most prominently affected were threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and arginine. Plasma histidine level was not significantly affected by malnutrition. Associated with early distortion of plasma aminogram was a pronounced increase (+176%) in free corticosteroid level by Day 7. Plasma concentration of aldosterone was significantly elevated in the malnourished guinea-pigs in comparison with the control group of the same age. Brain levels of free amino acids were not as extensively altered by malnutrition as was the case in plasma. At Day 7, only arginine, leucine and isoleucine among the essential amino acids, were significantly reduced while phenylalanine level was markedly increased. Histidine and its dipeptide homocarnosine as well as ornithine were the ninhydrin-positive substances in the brain most severely affected. By Day 14, the levels of histidine and homocarnosine were +71% and +58% respectively higher than the control values. Since the rate limiting factor in the synthesis of the putative neurotransmitter histamine in brain is the availability of the precursor amino acid histidine, the possible implications of pronounced increase in brain level of free histidine in experimental protein-energy malnutrition were discussed in the light of the known role of histamine as one of the neurotransmitters influencing the function of the anterior pituitary through regulation of release of the hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormones.
The devastating orofacial gangrenous disease known as cancrum oris (noma) is still commonly seen ... more The devastating orofacial gangrenous disease known as cancrum oris (noma) is still commonly seen in underprivileged Nigerian children. These children are usually victims of such stressors as chronic malnutrition, numerous endemic communicable diseases and severe adverse physical conditions which may lead to depletion of their adaptive resources or produce physiological maladaptation to additional stressors. Measles is the most common infection preceding the development of noma in Nigerian children. Acquired immunodeficiency as well as the impaired endocrine balance of the chronically malnourished permits, for example, widespread infection with the measles virus. Anergy resulting from the combination of malnutrition and measles virus infection promotes selective overgrowth and invasion by an infective consortium consisting of anaerobic organisms and other species capable of elaborating necessary growth factors for the former. Because of the pre-existing depletion of adaptive physiologic resources in the malnourished child, the infection is not readily contained locally as necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis but instead spreads rapidly to the next naturally occurring anatomical barriers. This is then followed by continuing necrosis and possible sequestration as exemplified by noma.
1. Int Dent J. 1981 Mar;31(1):29-38. Review of oral disease in Africa and the influence ofsocio-e... more 1. Int Dent J. 1981 Mar;31(1):29-38. Review of oral disease in Africa and the influence ofsocio-economic factors. Enwonwu CO. ... Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative/epidemiology; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases/epidemiology*; Socioeconomic Factors. Substances ...
... 16 In several Southern African countries, namely South Africa, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibi... more ... 16 In several Southern African countries, namely South Africa, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibia, the ... Summary Findings from the 1999 HIV/Syphilis Sentinel Sero-prevalence Survey in ... Cellular and molecular effects of malnutrition and their relevance to periodontal diseases. ...
... or more decayed teeth varied from 2 to 6%. In contrast to findings in the village societies, ... more ... or more decayed teeth varied from 2 to 6%. In contrast to findings in the village societies, educated Nigerians of higher socio-economic background had high prevalence and intensity of dental caries which almost paralleled findings in Western Europeans resident in Nigeria. ...
Male weanling guinea pigs were fed ad libitum a 3% pelleted casein diet supplemented with ascorbi... more Male weanling guinea pigs were fed ad libitum a 3% pelleted casein diet supplemented with ascorbic acid while control animals were pair-fed a standard guinea-pig chow. Oedema was observed in some of the former group as early as the 2nd week and became very prominent by the end of the 3rd week. The malnourished group was characterized by reduced plasma albumin level and some disaggregation of hepatic polyribosomes but these showed no correlation in time with development of oedema. The pool of plasma essential amino acids were markedly reduced as early as Day 7, and most prominently affected were threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and arginine. Plasma histidine level was not significantly affected by malnutrition. Associated with early distortion of plasma aminogram was a pronounced increase (+176%) in free corticosteroid level by Day 7. Plasma concentration of aldosterone was significantly elevated in the malnourished guinea-pigs in comparison with the control group of the same age. Brain levels of free amino acids were not as extensively altered by malnutrition as was the case in plasma. At Day 7, only arginine, leucine and isoleucine among the essential amino acids, were significantly reduced while phenylalanine level was markedly increased. Histidine and its dipeptide homocarnosine as well as ornithine were the ninhydrin-positive substances in the brain most severely affected. By Day 14, the levels of histidine and homocarnosine were +71% and +58% respectively higher than the control values. Since the rate limiting factor in the synthesis of the putative neurotransmitter histamine in brain is the availability of the precursor amino acid histidine, the possible implications of pronounced increase in brain level of free histidine in experimental protein-energy malnutrition were discussed in the light of the known role of histamine as one of the neurotransmitters influencing the function of the anterior pituitary through regulation of release of the hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormones.
The devastating orofacial gangrenous disease known as cancrum oris (noma) is still commonly seen ... more The devastating orofacial gangrenous disease known as cancrum oris (noma) is still commonly seen in underprivileged Nigerian children. These children are usually victims of such stressors as chronic malnutrition, numerous endemic communicable diseases and severe adverse physical conditions which may lead to depletion of their adaptive resources or produce physiological maladaptation to additional stressors. Measles is the most common infection preceding the development of noma in Nigerian children. Acquired immunodeficiency as well as the impaired endocrine balance of the chronically malnourished permits, for example, widespread infection with the measles virus. Anergy resulting from the combination of malnutrition and measles virus infection promotes selective overgrowth and invasion by an infective consortium consisting of anaerobic organisms and other species capable of elaborating necessary growth factors for the former. Because of the pre-existing depletion of adaptive physiologic resources in the malnourished child, the infection is not readily contained locally as necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis but instead spreads rapidly to the next naturally occurring anatomical barriers. This is then followed by continuing necrosis and possible sequestration as exemplified by noma.
1. Int Dent J. 1981 Mar;31(1):29-38. Review of oral disease in Africa and the influence ofsocio-e... more 1. Int Dent J. 1981 Mar;31(1):29-38. Review of oral disease in Africa and the influence ofsocio-economic factors. Enwonwu CO. ... Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative/epidemiology; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases/epidemiology*; Socioeconomic Factors. Substances ...
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