This paper highlights advantages and drawbacks due to the use of portable and low-cost devices fo... more This paper highlights advantages and drawbacks due to the use of portable and low-cost devices for aerosol sampling, showing their performances during an aerosol monitoring campaign with the parallel use of the gravimetric sampling reference method and a cascade impactor. A specific monitoring campaign was held running all instruments in parallel in indoor, confined, and outdoor environments characterized by local emission sources or particulate matter background concentrations. PM2.5 concentrations were used to compare data emerging from the different instruments adopted. Significant underestimation of PM2.5 emerged when comparing data coming from optical sensors with those estimated by the cascade impactor, whose data resulted in being coherent with gravimetric determination, integrated over the same sampling time. A cause–effect relationship between PM2.5 concentrations and specific emission sources was found when observing the daily patterns of all the real-time sampling devices...
The literature indicates that utilizing pyrometallurgical methods for processing spent LiCoO2 (LC... more The literature indicates that utilizing pyrometallurgical methods for processing spent LiCoO2 (LCO) batteries can lead to cobalt recovery in the forms of Co3O4, CoO, and Co, while lithium can be retrieved as Li2O or Li2CO3. However, the technology’s high energy consumption has also been noted as a challenge in this recovery process. Recently, an innovative and sustainable approach using microwave (MW) radiation has been proposed as an alternative to traditional pyrometallurgical methods for treating used lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). This method aims to address the shortcomings of the conventional approach. In this study, the treatment of the black mass (BM) from spent LCO batteries is explored for the first time using MW–materials interaction under an air atmosphere. The research reveals that the process can trigger carbothermic reactions. However, MW makes the BM so reactive that it causes rapid heating of the sample in a few minutes, also posing a fire risk. This paper presents a...
Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aug 1, 2007
ABSTRACT This study is devoted to a thorough structural and microstructural characterization of n... more ABSTRACT This study is devoted to a thorough structural and microstructural characterization of nanophasic LaOF-based thin films. The coatings were synthesized by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) onto Si(100) substrates at growth temperatures between 250 and 500 degrees C, using La(hfa)3.diglyme (Hhfa = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione; diglyme = bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether) as both La and F molecular source under nitrogen + wet oxygen atmospheres. The system structure and microstructure were investigated by Glancing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD) and X-ray microdiffraction. The most relevant sample features, with particular attention to the phase composition as a function of the synthesis conditions, are critically discussed.
The dependence of a peak diffraction angle on the positioning of the diffracted-beam Soller-slit ... more The dependence of a peak diffraction angle on the positioning of the diffracted-beam Soller-slit pack was observed and studied by discussing the determining factors. In particular, the misalignment angle between the Soller pack and the counter axis is recognized as a key factor and experiments were performed for giving a quantitative basis to this statement. An important consequence of the results of these experiments and related profile analysis is the suggestion of designing parallel-beam diffractometers with the possibility of checking and changing the position of the diffracted-beam Soller-slit packs in order to optimize the performance of the instrument.
TiO2 and W/TiO2 thin films have been prepared by a chemically modified sol-gel technique. Oxide-p... more TiO2 and W/TiO2 thin films have been prepared by a chemically modified sol-gel technique. Oxide-polymer thin films were deposited by dip-coating. Annealing at 500°C results in nanosized structurally stable oxides films. The dopant concentration led to a final W/Ti ratio of 1/33, 5/33, 10/33. The morphological and structural characteristics of thin films were studied through microraman, GIXRD, SEM and TEM. A microstructural comparison between pure and doped TiO2 layers is reported. Ethanol and methanol sensing properties are tested. TiO2 and W/TiO2 structural features and sensing characteristics are compared.
... 7 Conclusions Davidovits [26] has proposed that blue, green, beige or black glaze-like coatin... more ... 7 Conclusions Davidovits [26] has proposed that blue, green, beige or black glaze-like coatings could have been produced on ... UK, for their many valuable critical comments and for pointing us to literature references on Egyptian faience and ancient glazing techniques that ...
Supplement issues of Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Jun 1, 2006
ABSTRACT The residual stress plays a primary role in the performances of the protective coatings ... more ABSTRACT The residual stress plays a primary role in the performances of the protective coatings and thus in the lifetime of coated components. Indeed, the residual stress may even result in the detachment of the coating, and favour the corrosion of both the coating and the substrate. In this paper we studied ZrN coatings for decorative purposes. The correlations among substrate phase, surface morphology and residual stress is discussed. The DRAST method was applied to evaluate residual stress based on the analysis of 2D diffraction images.
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) coatings are used in this work to achieve beneficial effects on the... more Atomic layer deposition (ALD) coatings are used in this work to achieve beneficial effects on the surface of CoCrMo alloys used for biomedical applications. Model experiments of implantation into animal bone tissue are performed with uncoated and TiO2 coated samples. Micro X-ray fluorescence is used to map the elemental composition of samples. Results show barrier effect of the coating against the movement of metals from the implant toward the surrounding tissue, increasing with thickness. Moreover, the presence of TiO2 increase the corrosion resistance of the implant. Additional experiments proof that the transfer of ionic species through the same coating, in liquid environment may be exemplified as diffusion through continuous layer, which is also strictly controlled by the coating layer thickness. These evidences open several possibilities for the development of layer by layer structures, with tunable properties, making ALD a powerful tool for biomedical applications.
This paper highlights advantages and drawbacks due to the use of portable and low-cost devices fo... more This paper highlights advantages and drawbacks due to the use of portable and low-cost devices for aerosol sampling, showing their performances during an aerosol monitoring campaign with the parallel use of the gravimetric sampling reference method and a cascade impactor. A specific monitoring campaign was held running all instruments in parallel in indoor, confined, and outdoor environments characterized by local emission sources or particulate matter background concentrations. PM2.5 concentrations were used to compare data emerging from the different instruments adopted. Significant underestimation of PM2.5 emerged when comparing data coming from optical sensors with those estimated by the cascade impactor, whose data resulted in being coherent with gravimetric determination, integrated over the same sampling time. A cause–effect relationship between PM2.5 concentrations and specific emission sources was found when observing the daily patterns of all the real-time sampling devices...
The literature indicates that utilizing pyrometallurgical methods for processing spent LiCoO2 (LC... more The literature indicates that utilizing pyrometallurgical methods for processing spent LiCoO2 (LCO) batteries can lead to cobalt recovery in the forms of Co3O4, CoO, and Co, while lithium can be retrieved as Li2O or Li2CO3. However, the technology’s high energy consumption has also been noted as a challenge in this recovery process. Recently, an innovative and sustainable approach using microwave (MW) radiation has been proposed as an alternative to traditional pyrometallurgical methods for treating used lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). This method aims to address the shortcomings of the conventional approach. In this study, the treatment of the black mass (BM) from spent LCO batteries is explored for the first time using MW–materials interaction under an air atmosphere. The research reveals that the process can trigger carbothermic reactions. However, MW makes the BM so reactive that it causes rapid heating of the sample in a few minutes, also posing a fire risk. This paper presents a...
Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aug 1, 2007
ABSTRACT This study is devoted to a thorough structural and microstructural characterization of n... more ABSTRACT This study is devoted to a thorough structural and microstructural characterization of nanophasic LaOF-based thin films. The coatings were synthesized by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) onto Si(100) substrates at growth temperatures between 250 and 500 degrees C, using La(hfa)3.diglyme (Hhfa = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione; diglyme = bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether) as both La and F molecular source under nitrogen + wet oxygen atmospheres. The system structure and microstructure were investigated by Glancing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD) and X-ray microdiffraction. The most relevant sample features, with particular attention to the phase composition as a function of the synthesis conditions, are critically discussed.
The dependence of a peak diffraction angle on the positioning of the diffracted-beam Soller-slit ... more The dependence of a peak diffraction angle on the positioning of the diffracted-beam Soller-slit pack was observed and studied by discussing the determining factors. In particular, the misalignment angle between the Soller pack and the counter axis is recognized as a key factor and experiments were performed for giving a quantitative basis to this statement. An important consequence of the results of these experiments and related profile analysis is the suggestion of designing parallel-beam diffractometers with the possibility of checking and changing the position of the diffracted-beam Soller-slit packs in order to optimize the performance of the instrument.
TiO2 and W/TiO2 thin films have been prepared by a chemically modified sol-gel technique. Oxide-p... more TiO2 and W/TiO2 thin films have been prepared by a chemically modified sol-gel technique. Oxide-polymer thin films were deposited by dip-coating. Annealing at 500°C results in nanosized structurally stable oxides films. The dopant concentration led to a final W/Ti ratio of 1/33, 5/33, 10/33. The morphological and structural characteristics of thin films were studied through microraman, GIXRD, SEM and TEM. A microstructural comparison between pure and doped TiO2 layers is reported. Ethanol and methanol sensing properties are tested. TiO2 and W/TiO2 structural features and sensing characteristics are compared.
... 7 Conclusions Davidovits [26] has proposed that blue, green, beige or black glaze-like coatin... more ... 7 Conclusions Davidovits [26] has proposed that blue, green, beige or black glaze-like coatings could have been produced on ... UK, for their many valuable critical comments and for pointing us to literature references on Egyptian faience and ancient glazing techniques that ...
Supplement issues of Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Jun 1, 2006
ABSTRACT The residual stress plays a primary role in the performances of the protective coatings ... more ABSTRACT The residual stress plays a primary role in the performances of the protective coatings and thus in the lifetime of coated components. Indeed, the residual stress may even result in the detachment of the coating, and favour the corrosion of both the coating and the substrate. In this paper we studied ZrN coatings for decorative purposes. The correlations among substrate phase, surface morphology and residual stress is discussed. The DRAST method was applied to evaluate residual stress based on the analysis of 2D diffraction images.
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) coatings are used in this work to achieve beneficial effects on the... more Atomic layer deposition (ALD) coatings are used in this work to achieve beneficial effects on the surface of CoCrMo alloys used for biomedical applications. Model experiments of implantation into animal bone tissue are performed with uncoated and TiO2 coated samples. Micro X-ray fluorescence is used to map the elemental composition of samples. Results show barrier effect of the coating against the movement of metals from the implant toward the surrounding tissue, increasing with thickness. Moreover, the presence of TiO2 increase the corrosion resistance of the implant. Additional experiments proof that the transfer of ionic species through the same coating, in liquid environment may be exemplified as diffusion through continuous layer, which is also strictly controlled by the coating layer thickness. These evidences open several possibilities for the development of layer by layer structures, with tunable properties, making ALD a powerful tool for biomedical applications.
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Papers by Laura Eleonora DEPERO