During two consecutive winter seasons (1985 and 1986) Auckland, New Zealand, experienced epidemic... more During two consecutive winter seasons (1985 and 1986) Auckland, New Zealand, experienced epidemic rates of Group A meningococcal disease, a pattern not previously recognized in New Zealand. The overall rate was 8.3/100,000/year. The highest annual rate (64.7) occurred in children 0 to 23 months of age. A city-wide vaccine campaign commencing in May, 1987, was conducted over 6 weeks among children 3 months to 13 years of age with special emphasis on reaching populations at highest risk (Maori and Pacific Island Polynesian children in certain geographic regions of Auckland). Children from 2 to 13 years of age received a single dose of monovalent Group A meningococcal vaccine. Children ages 3 to 23 months received two doses at least 1 month apart. Overall approximately 130,000 doses were delivered; coverage was approximately 90% in the single dose target group. Among the younger children approximately 89% received the primary dose. Only approximately 26% received the recommended "...
This article is an edited report from a seminar held in Canberra organised jointly by the charter... more This article is an edited report from a seminar held in Canberra organised jointly by the chartered institute of transport in Australia and the Institution of Engineers, Australia.
Located midway between Cape Fear and Cape Lookout, North Carolina, Onslow Beach is a 12 km-long b... more Located midway between Cape Fear and Cape Lookout, North Carolina, Onslow Beach is a 12 km-long barrier island, which historically had transgressive and stable profiles on the southern and northern ends, respectively. The northern half of the island has well-developed dunes in front of maritime forest. The southern half is low-lying and is characterized by washover fans infringing on salt
The Plutao-Saturno-Venus-Marte group of fields in offshore Angola Block 31 is a large ultra-deep-... more The Plutao-Saturno-Venus-Marte group of fields in offshore Angola Block 31 is a large ultra-deep-water development. First oil was in December 2012. Well placement and performance is the key to successfully delivering resources and sustaining the oil production plateau. Accurate well planning is attained by optimizing the resolution and relative positioning of the image of the sub-surface seen on the seismic data. The original 2004 acquisition was processed in 2005 using an isotropic pre-stack time migration flow (IPSTM) and subsequently in 2009 using an isotropic pre-stack depth migration (IPSDM). Some early pre-development wells indicated that the IPSTM seismic image is mis-positioned in some wells. Walkaway VSPs were not originally considered for PSVM because the structural regime is essentially extra-salt and the time depth relationships appeared to conform to a “normal” depth of burial trend with no significant or sharp changes in velocity. However, the mis-positioning of the seismic image on the steeply dipping parts of the Plutao field strongly suggests this is not the case throughout the field. Some of the mis-positioning observed in the Isotropic volumes will result from uncertainties in the depth conversion as anisotropy has not been taken into account. A significant uplift in imaging is observed when anisotropic velocities are accounted for in the velocity model, as observed in other Angolan extra-salt deep water fields located in Block 31.
ABSTRACT Is increasing minority representation in municipal police departments associated with a ... more ABSTRACT Is increasing minority representation in municipal police departments associated with a decline in the quality of services rendered? The authors conclude that the pursuit of EEO objectives has little appreciable effect on productivity.
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology, 2000
Mitochondrial biogenesis is accompanied by an increased expression of components of the protein i... more Mitochondrial biogenesis is accompanied by an increased expression of components of the protein import machinery, as well as increased import of proteins destined for the matrix. We evaluated the role of the outer membrane receptor Tom20 by varying its expression and measuring changes in the import of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in differentiating C2C12 muscle cells. Cells transfected with Tom20 had levels that were twofold higher than in control cells. Labeling of cells followed by immunoprecipitation of MDH revealed equivalent increases in MDH import. This parallelism between import rate and Tom20 levels was also evident as a result of thyroid hormone treatment. Using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, we inhibited Tom20 expression by 40%, resulting in 40-60% reductions in MDH import. In vitro assays also revealed that import into the matrix was more sensitive to Tom20 inhibition than import into the outer membrane. These data indicate a close relationship between induced changes in ...
Laminitis is a painful disease for which adequate pain management remains a challenging and large... more Laminitis is a painful disease for which adequate pain management remains a challenging and largely unmet medical need. To investigate plasma concentrations, analgesic and physiologic effects of 2 doses of tramadol in horses with chronic laminitis. Non-randomised trial. Four horses with naturally occurring chronic laminitis received 5 mg/kg bwt and then 10 mg/kg bwt tramadol orally every 12 h for one week with one-week washout between. Non-invasive arterial blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates, intestinal sounds and forelimb off-loading frequency were evaluated before and during treatments. Plasma tramadol and metabolite (M1 and M2) concentrations were measured on predetermined days and times after the morning dosing. Forelimb off-loading frequency decreased significantly with 10 mg/kg (40%, p = 0.02) but not with 5 mg/kg (9%, p = 0.4). Physiologic variables did not change significantly with either treatment. For 5 and 10 mg/kg treatments, respectively, individual maximum pla...
Numerous electrophysiologic tests are available for use in the clinic. When properly recorded and... more Numerous electrophysiologic tests are available for use in the clinic. When properly recorded and analyzed, these tests provide important diagnostic and prognostic information about the site and nature of the disease process. If the results from these tests are combined with psychophysical findings (color vision, acuity, visual fields), their usefulness in defining disease can be further extended.
To compare local cone and rod system function in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) using el... more To compare local cone and rod system function in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) using electrophysiological and psychophysical techniques. Cone-mediated multifocal electroretinograms (M-ERGs), cone system threshold visual fields, rod-mediated M-ERGs, and rod system threshold visual fields were measured in seven patients with RP. All the patients had normal cone system visual field thresholds and normal cone-mediated M-ERG implicit times within the central 5 degrees. Both cone-mediated responses were abnormal at some peripheral retinal locations. There were significant correlations among cone system amplitude, timing, and visual field loss. All the patients had some retinal areas where the rod-mediated M-ERG amplitudes were not measurable. In areas where they were measurable, these rod-mediated M-ERG responses were often within normal limits for amplitude and timing. In contrast to the cone system data, there were no significant relationships between rod-mediated M-ERG measur...
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1998
An exciting area of microbiological research over the past decade has been the progress made in t... more An exciting area of microbiological research over the past decade has been the progress made in the molecular characterisation of the cell surface carbohydrates of pathogenic bacteria. Many of these are important virulence factors, for example capsular polysaccharides, so that an understanding of their structure and function is crucial to investigations on pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Following from this, many carbohydrate structures on the cell surface of bacteria are ideal targets for therapy and immunoprophylaxis. Thus, the diverse and sometimes highly complex polysaccharides located in the bacterial cell wall or envelope that surround the fragile cytoplasmic membrane of the bacterial cell have been investigated in depth applying state-of-the-art technologies such as those available through molecular genetics and fine structural analyses. The bacterial cell wall, which is rigid, protects the membrane and the cytoplasm within from the adverse effects of the environment and is thus responsible for the resistance of the bacterial cells to mechanical and osmotic injury. It is the structure that provides the bacterial cell with its characteristic shape, whether spherical or rod-like. The cell wall is just one of the features distinguishing bacteria from animal cells which are enclosed only by a plasma membrane. There are marked differences in the composition of the cell walls of gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Both may have exopolysaccharides, often referred to as capsules, which, owing to their external location on the surface, often confer antigenic specificity which is useful in their classification. Walls of both classes of bacteria also contain peptidoglycan. Distinguishing facts are that gram positive organisms contain teichoic acids whereas lipopolysaccharides are typical of gram negative bacteria.
To study group A meningococcal vaccine delivery to infants less than 2 years of age in Auckland i... more To study group A meningococcal vaccine delivery to infants less than 2 years of age in Auckland in 1987 to control epidemic disease. Mechanisms of vaccine delivery and its facilitation are described. A detailed audit of delivery of vaccine to children less than two years using signed consent forms determined delivery source. This was the age group at highest risk, and poorly covered by routine childhood vaccines. Primary health care source of children presenting with disease was determined by telephone. The epidemic of group A meningococcal disease in the winters of 1985 and 1986 abated most likely due to the vaccination of high risk children (3 months-13 years) in 1987. 90% of the target population were vaccinated. In south Auckland the majority (92%) of vaccine doses for children less than two years of age was delivered by the Plunket Society with Department of Health backing aided by community health workers. By contrast delivery by, general practitioners was greater in north-wes...
Blood and urine levels of atenolol were measured in 12 subjects--2 anephric and 10 with creatinin... more Blood and urine levels of atenolol were measured in 12 subjects--2 anephric and 10 with creatinine clearances ranging from 0 to 122 ml/min/1.73 m2. In a single-dose study subjects were given atenolol 100 mg by mouth, and blood and urine levels were measured during the subsequent 72 hr. In a repeated-dose study 10 subjects were given atenolol 100 mg for 20 days, and blood and urine levels were measured before and for 72 hr after the final dose on day 21. In the single-dose study the peak blood level occurred later and the 24-hr plasma concentrations increased as creatinine clearance decreased. The range in peak blood level was sixfold throughout this range of creatinine clearance. The blood atenolol half-life (t1/2) increased from about 6 hr to more than 100 hr with progressive renal failure and there was a corresponding decrease in elimination rate constant and increase in area under the curve. In the repeated-dose study there was good correlation between predose blood level of aten...
Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology, 1984
We hypothesize that training results in a faster and greater repletion of glycogen in skeletal mu... more We hypothesize that training results in a faster and greater repletion of glycogen in skeletal muscles of normal and diabetic rats. Normal male Sprague-Dawley rats (100-140 g) were divided into two groups--one to train by treadmill running for 10 wk and the other to remain sedentary. Forty-eight hours after the last training session the rats of both groups were exercised to exhaustion. One subgroup of each was fed oral glucose (3 g/kg) at exhaustion and killed 60 min later. The other was killed at exhaustion. The glycogen concentration of soleus, plantaris, and red and white gastrocnemius was determined in all rats. The trained group had higher glycogen levels after glucose feeding in all muscles (P less than 0.002) and repleted their muscle glycogen more rapidly (P less than 0.05). However, in diabetic rats (45 mg streptozotocin/kg body wt) the trained and sedentary rats have similar glycogen levels and glycogen repletion rates in all muscles. Compared with the normal trained rats,...
The vasopressin analog desmopressin (DDAVP) is known to enhance memory in animals and man but its... more The vasopressin analog desmopressin (DDAVP) is known to enhance memory in animals and man but its precise mechanism of action is uncertain. We report the case of a patient who experienced chronic memory dysfunction with impaired job performance following transsphenoidal resection of a pituitary adenoma. A prospective double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effects of DDAVP was performed. Memory storage and recall improved with DDAVP treatment and declined within 1 week after drug withdrawal both by subjective and objective criteria. The Buschke Selective Reminding Test was clearly the most responsive out of a battery of standard memory testing paradigms employed to track the presence or absence of DDAVP treatment.
During two consecutive winter seasons (1985 and 1986) Auckland, New Zealand, experienced epidemic... more During two consecutive winter seasons (1985 and 1986) Auckland, New Zealand, experienced epidemic rates of Group A meningococcal disease, a pattern not previously recognized in New Zealand. The overall rate was 8.3/100,000/year. The highest annual rate (64.7) occurred in children 0 to 23 months of age. A city-wide vaccine campaign commencing in May, 1987, was conducted over 6 weeks among children 3 months to 13 years of age with special emphasis on reaching populations at highest risk (Maori and Pacific Island Polynesian children in certain geographic regions of Auckland). Children from 2 to 13 years of age received a single dose of monovalent Group A meningococcal vaccine. Children ages 3 to 23 months received two doses at least 1 month apart. Overall approximately 130,000 doses were delivered; coverage was approximately 90% in the single dose target group. Among the younger children approximately 89% received the primary dose. Only approximately 26% received the recommended "...
This article is an edited report from a seminar held in Canberra organised jointly by the charter... more This article is an edited report from a seminar held in Canberra organised jointly by the chartered institute of transport in Australia and the Institution of Engineers, Australia.
Located midway between Cape Fear and Cape Lookout, North Carolina, Onslow Beach is a 12 km-long b... more Located midway between Cape Fear and Cape Lookout, North Carolina, Onslow Beach is a 12 km-long barrier island, which historically had transgressive and stable profiles on the southern and northern ends, respectively. The northern half of the island has well-developed dunes in front of maritime forest. The southern half is low-lying and is characterized by washover fans infringing on salt
The Plutao-Saturno-Venus-Marte group of fields in offshore Angola Block 31 is a large ultra-deep-... more The Plutao-Saturno-Venus-Marte group of fields in offshore Angola Block 31 is a large ultra-deep-water development. First oil was in December 2012. Well placement and performance is the key to successfully delivering resources and sustaining the oil production plateau. Accurate well planning is attained by optimizing the resolution and relative positioning of the image of the sub-surface seen on the seismic data. The original 2004 acquisition was processed in 2005 using an isotropic pre-stack time migration flow (IPSTM) and subsequently in 2009 using an isotropic pre-stack depth migration (IPSDM). Some early pre-development wells indicated that the IPSTM seismic image is mis-positioned in some wells. Walkaway VSPs were not originally considered for PSVM because the structural regime is essentially extra-salt and the time depth relationships appeared to conform to a “normal” depth of burial trend with no significant or sharp changes in velocity. However, the mis-positioning of the seismic image on the steeply dipping parts of the Plutao field strongly suggests this is not the case throughout the field. Some of the mis-positioning observed in the Isotropic volumes will result from uncertainties in the depth conversion as anisotropy has not been taken into account. A significant uplift in imaging is observed when anisotropic velocities are accounted for in the velocity model, as observed in other Angolan extra-salt deep water fields located in Block 31.
ABSTRACT Is increasing minority representation in municipal police departments associated with a ... more ABSTRACT Is increasing minority representation in municipal police departments associated with a decline in the quality of services rendered? The authors conclude that the pursuit of EEO objectives has little appreciable effect on productivity.
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology, 2000
Mitochondrial biogenesis is accompanied by an increased expression of components of the protein i... more Mitochondrial biogenesis is accompanied by an increased expression of components of the protein import machinery, as well as increased import of proteins destined for the matrix. We evaluated the role of the outer membrane receptor Tom20 by varying its expression and measuring changes in the import of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in differentiating C2C12 muscle cells. Cells transfected with Tom20 had levels that were twofold higher than in control cells. Labeling of cells followed by immunoprecipitation of MDH revealed equivalent increases in MDH import. This parallelism between import rate and Tom20 levels was also evident as a result of thyroid hormone treatment. Using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, we inhibited Tom20 expression by 40%, resulting in 40-60% reductions in MDH import. In vitro assays also revealed that import into the matrix was more sensitive to Tom20 inhibition than import into the outer membrane. These data indicate a close relationship between induced changes in ...
Laminitis is a painful disease for which adequate pain management remains a challenging and large... more Laminitis is a painful disease for which adequate pain management remains a challenging and largely unmet medical need. To investigate plasma concentrations, analgesic and physiologic effects of 2 doses of tramadol in horses with chronic laminitis. Non-randomised trial. Four horses with naturally occurring chronic laminitis received 5 mg/kg bwt and then 10 mg/kg bwt tramadol orally every 12 h for one week with one-week washout between. Non-invasive arterial blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates, intestinal sounds and forelimb off-loading frequency were evaluated before and during treatments. Plasma tramadol and metabolite (M1 and M2) concentrations were measured on predetermined days and times after the morning dosing. Forelimb off-loading frequency decreased significantly with 10 mg/kg (40%, p = 0.02) but not with 5 mg/kg (9%, p = 0.4). Physiologic variables did not change significantly with either treatment. For 5 and 10 mg/kg treatments, respectively, individual maximum pla...
Numerous electrophysiologic tests are available for use in the clinic. When properly recorded and... more Numerous electrophysiologic tests are available for use in the clinic. When properly recorded and analyzed, these tests provide important diagnostic and prognostic information about the site and nature of the disease process. If the results from these tests are combined with psychophysical findings (color vision, acuity, visual fields), their usefulness in defining disease can be further extended.
To compare local cone and rod system function in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) using el... more To compare local cone and rod system function in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) using electrophysiological and psychophysical techniques. Cone-mediated multifocal electroretinograms (M-ERGs), cone system threshold visual fields, rod-mediated M-ERGs, and rod system threshold visual fields were measured in seven patients with RP. All the patients had normal cone system visual field thresholds and normal cone-mediated M-ERG implicit times within the central 5 degrees. Both cone-mediated responses were abnormal at some peripheral retinal locations. There were significant correlations among cone system amplitude, timing, and visual field loss. All the patients had some retinal areas where the rod-mediated M-ERG amplitudes were not measurable. In areas where they were measurable, these rod-mediated M-ERG responses were often within normal limits for amplitude and timing. In contrast to the cone system data, there were no significant relationships between rod-mediated M-ERG measur...
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1998
An exciting area of microbiological research over the past decade has been the progress made in t... more An exciting area of microbiological research over the past decade has been the progress made in the molecular characterisation of the cell surface carbohydrates of pathogenic bacteria. Many of these are important virulence factors, for example capsular polysaccharides, so that an understanding of their structure and function is crucial to investigations on pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Following from this, many carbohydrate structures on the cell surface of bacteria are ideal targets for therapy and immunoprophylaxis. Thus, the diverse and sometimes highly complex polysaccharides located in the bacterial cell wall or envelope that surround the fragile cytoplasmic membrane of the bacterial cell have been investigated in depth applying state-of-the-art technologies such as those available through molecular genetics and fine structural analyses. The bacterial cell wall, which is rigid, protects the membrane and the cytoplasm within from the adverse effects of the environment and is thus responsible for the resistance of the bacterial cells to mechanical and osmotic injury. It is the structure that provides the bacterial cell with its characteristic shape, whether spherical or rod-like. The cell wall is just one of the features distinguishing bacteria from animal cells which are enclosed only by a plasma membrane. There are marked differences in the composition of the cell walls of gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Both may have exopolysaccharides, often referred to as capsules, which, owing to their external location on the surface, often confer antigenic specificity which is useful in their classification. Walls of both classes of bacteria also contain peptidoglycan. Distinguishing facts are that gram positive organisms contain teichoic acids whereas lipopolysaccharides are typical of gram negative bacteria.
To study group A meningococcal vaccine delivery to infants less than 2 years of age in Auckland i... more To study group A meningococcal vaccine delivery to infants less than 2 years of age in Auckland in 1987 to control epidemic disease. Mechanisms of vaccine delivery and its facilitation are described. A detailed audit of delivery of vaccine to children less than two years using signed consent forms determined delivery source. This was the age group at highest risk, and poorly covered by routine childhood vaccines. Primary health care source of children presenting with disease was determined by telephone. The epidemic of group A meningococcal disease in the winters of 1985 and 1986 abated most likely due to the vaccination of high risk children (3 months-13 years) in 1987. 90% of the target population were vaccinated. In south Auckland the majority (92%) of vaccine doses for children less than two years of age was delivered by the Plunket Society with Department of Health backing aided by community health workers. By contrast delivery by, general practitioners was greater in north-wes...
Blood and urine levels of atenolol were measured in 12 subjects--2 anephric and 10 with creatinin... more Blood and urine levels of atenolol were measured in 12 subjects--2 anephric and 10 with creatinine clearances ranging from 0 to 122 ml/min/1.73 m2. In a single-dose study subjects were given atenolol 100 mg by mouth, and blood and urine levels were measured during the subsequent 72 hr. In a repeated-dose study 10 subjects were given atenolol 100 mg for 20 days, and blood and urine levels were measured before and for 72 hr after the final dose on day 21. In the single-dose study the peak blood level occurred later and the 24-hr plasma concentrations increased as creatinine clearance decreased. The range in peak blood level was sixfold throughout this range of creatinine clearance. The blood atenolol half-life (t1/2) increased from about 6 hr to more than 100 hr with progressive renal failure and there was a corresponding decrease in elimination rate constant and increase in area under the curve. In the repeated-dose study there was good correlation between predose blood level of aten...
Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology, 1984
We hypothesize that training results in a faster and greater repletion of glycogen in skeletal mu... more We hypothesize that training results in a faster and greater repletion of glycogen in skeletal muscles of normal and diabetic rats. Normal male Sprague-Dawley rats (100-140 g) were divided into two groups--one to train by treadmill running for 10 wk and the other to remain sedentary. Forty-eight hours after the last training session the rats of both groups were exercised to exhaustion. One subgroup of each was fed oral glucose (3 g/kg) at exhaustion and killed 60 min later. The other was killed at exhaustion. The glycogen concentration of soleus, plantaris, and red and white gastrocnemius was determined in all rats. The trained group had higher glycogen levels after glucose feeding in all muscles (P less than 0.002) and repleted their muscle glycogen more rapidly (P less than 0.05). However, in diabetic rats (45 mg streptozotocin/kg body wt) the trained and sedentary rats have similar glycogen levels and glycogen repletion rates in all muscles. Compared with the normal trained rats,...
The vasopressin analog desmopressin (DDAVP) is known to enhance memory in animals and man but its... more The vasopressin analog desmopressin (DDAVP) is known to enhance memory in animals and man but its precise mechanism of action is uncertain. We report the case of a patient who experienced chronic memory dysfunction with impaired job performance following transsphenoidal resection of a pituitary adenoma. A prospective double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effects of DDAVP was performed. Memory storage and recall improved with DDAVP treatment and declined within 1 week after drug withdrawal both by subjective and objective criteria. The Buschke Selective Reminding Test was clearly the most responsive out of a battery of standard memory testing paradigms employed to track the presence or absence of DDAVP treatment.
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