Analysis of plain abdominal radiographs in 214 patients showed Armillier armillatus calcification... more Analysis of plain abdominal radiographs in 214 patients showed Armillier armillatus calcification in three cases (1.4 pc). Two of these cases were males aged 50 and 70 years respectively. The only female with pentastome calcification was aged 35 years giving a male to female ratio of 2:1. Typically the calcifications were either comma-shaped or rounded with central lucency measuring about 5 mm in diameter. Two (66.7 pc) of the three patients who were positive for parasitic calcification complained of abdominal pain. This however, does not necessarily imply a causal relationship between pentastome infestation and abdominal discomfort.
A retrospective study was carried out over a five-year period to establish the usefulness of cran... more A retrospective study was carried out over a five-year period to establish the usefulness of cranial ultrasound in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus among Nigerian infants. Records were obtained from 98 infants who consisted of 45 male and 53 females. Thirty-eight patients were found to .have hydrocephalus, with intracranial haemorrhage and meningitis as leading causes (21.1% and 15.8% respectively). Transfontanelle ultrasonography is an invaluable too in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus, where more complex facilities are not available
Intravenous urography was performed in 13 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and showed that 4 ... more Intravenous urography was performed in 13 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and showed that 4 cases had bilateral diffuse renal lymphomatous deposits. Back pressure changes due to ureteric compression by abdominal or pelvic masses was recorded in 5 cases and lateral displacement of the ureter in 3 cases. One patient showed bilateral poor excretion of contrast medium while 2 cases had extrinsic impressions on the urinary bladder. Intravenous urography was helpful in determining the extent of urinary tract involvement in Burkitt's lymphoma and serves as an important diagnostic tool in the investigation of patients with urinary tract symptoms or signs in this disease.
Accuracy of ultrasonography (US) in the diagnosis of orbitoocular tumours was evaluated over a fi... more Accuracy of ultrasonography (US) in the diagnosis of orbitoocular tumours was evaluated over a five-year period by retrospectively reviewing the records of eye patients referred for ocular US who either had histological confirmation of suspected orbitoocular tumour or subsequent better view of the posterior segment. A total of 20 patients were included in the study and comprised of 14 males and 6 females (M: F=2: 1). Age range was 1-70 yrs (mean 12.3 yrs). They formed part of a larger group of patients who had US scan done for other clinical indications during the study period. Retinoblastoma was found in 12 patients(60%), followed by orbital sarcoma in 3 cases(l5%); Burkitt's lymphoma and dermoid cyst each accounted for 2 cases( I 0%) while ciliary body tumour was found in one patient(5%). There was 95% correlation between US findings and histological diagnosis or the presumed clinical diagnosis. Ocular US is useful in the diagnosis and management of ocular tumours especially w...
Plain abdominal radiograph showed pancreatic calcification in four cases (5.2%) in a total of 77 ... more Plain abdominal radiograph showed pancreatic calcification in four cases (5.2%) in a total of 77 cases of diabetes mellitus. All patients with calcified pancreas were insulin-dependent male diabetics. No direct relationship was observed between duration of illness and presence of calcification in the pancreas. Low incidence of pancreatic calcification among diabetics in recent reports from Nigeria probably suggests a changing pattern of the disease in the tropics.
Background: Hydrocephalus among children is an important medical problem in view of its neurologi... more Background: Hydrocephalus among children is an important medical problem in view of its neurological sequelae in the growing child. This situation is compounded by the acute shortage of neurosurgeons in third world countries like Nigeria; hence, the need for its early detection and proper management. Objective: Evaluation of the ultrasound (US) appearances in children under 5 years of age presenting with clinical signs of raised intracranial pressure suggestive of hydrocephalus. Patients and Methods: A retrospective review of transfontanelle US scans done in 64 children (39 boys and 25 girls) attending the Department of Radiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria over a period of 2 years was carried out. The patients had a mean age of 5.0 ± 4.6 months (range: 1–60 months) at the time of their US examination. Some of the clinical indications for US scan included: Congenital hydrocephalus, encephalocele, meningomyelocele, and meningitis. All scans were performed through the anterior fontanelle using SIUI Apogee 800 PLUS scanner with a curvilinear probe using multi-frequency transducer of 2–5 MHz. Results: Fifty-two patients (81.3%) had hydrocephalus of congenital origin. Eleven cases (17.2%) had postmeningitic hydrocephalus while only 1 case (1.6%) was posthemorrhagic. Twenty-five patients (48.0%) of the congenital cases were due to cerebral aqueduct stenosis. Eleven (21.2%) of the congenital cases were from obstruction at the exit foramina of Luschka and Magendie resulting in the communicating type of hydrocephalus. Conclusion: Hydrocephalus is a known cause of neurological morbidity among infants in developing countries. Majority of the cases are congenital in origin and most commonly due to cerebral aqueduct stenosis. Transfontanelle US is cheap, affordable, nonhazardous, and more accessible than other imaging modalities. It should serve as the first-line investigation of infants with suspected hydrocephalus for early detection and monitoring of progression to determine those cases that would require shunt operation.
A fifteen-month retrospective review (December 1993 to February 1995 inclusive) was performed com... more A fifteen-month retrospective review (December 1993 to February 1995 inclusive) was performed comparing findings at Colour Doppler Ultrasound (CDU) and Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease or post-operative by-pass grafts. The records of 63 patients (43 males and 20 females) who had undergone both CDU and DSA within three months of each other were analysed. The age range of case studied was 33-84 years (mean 64 yrs.) Disease in each arterial or graft segment was classified into five grades, 0 (normal) to 4 (complete occlusion). A total of 72 limbs were examined. Fifty-four patients had unilateral symptoms while both limbs are affected in 9 cases. In all 241 arterial and graft segments were studied. There was overall agreement between findings of CDU and DSA in 193/241 (80/1%) and non-agreement in 48/241 (19.9%). Of the 48 examinations that showed discrepancy, the findings in 26/48 (54.2%) were one grade apart while in the rem...
Transfontanelle (cranial) ultrasonography was carried out in 98 Nigerian infants over a period of... more Transfontanelle (cranial) ultrasonography was carried out in 98 Nigerian infants over a period of 5 years. Of the infants, 38 (38.8%) had hydrocephalus from various causes while 26 (25.5%) had congenital anomalies. As ultrasound equipment is becoming a more readily available and affordable tool in the developing countries, it should become much easier for medical staff in these countries to arrive at the correct diagnosis of intracranial diseases in infants.
Seventy six pregnant women were examined by ultrasound (US) for prenatal determination of foetal ... more Seventy six pregnant women were examined by ultrasound (US) for prenatal determination of foetal gender. Results were compared with those of outcome at delivery. The range of gestational age (GA) at scan was 22-40 weeks (mean 35 +/- 4.0 weeks). Forty seven of the babies at birth were boys, while twenty nine were girls. Incorrect prediction foetal gender occurred in four out of seventy-six (5.3%) comprising two males and two females giving an overall accuracy of seventy two out of seventy six (94.7%). Accuracy of gender assignment was forty five out of forty seven (95.7%) for boys and twenty seven out of twenty nine (93.1%) for girls. It is recommended that discretion should be exercised in disclosing the gender of an unborn baby, especially if it does not correspond to the preferred sex of the mother. Determination of foetal gender should not be performed on demand or as a matter of routine in developing countries because of limited resources and shortage of skilled manpower.
African journal of medicine and medical sciences, 1994
Serum electrolyte and protein changes in 35 Nigerian patients undergoing intravenous urography we... more Serum electrolyte and protein changes in 35 Nigerian patients undergoing intravenous urography were evaluated after injection of 60 mls sodium and meglumine diatrizoate (Urograffin-370). Statistically, significant changes were noted in the values of serum calcium, proteins and albumin at 5 and 30 minutes after the injection (P < 0.005). The mean percentage decreases noted were calcium 13%, protein 17% and albumin 13%. At 30 minutes post-injection, the serum protein and albumin levels had incompletely recovered while calcium values continued to decrease. Non-statistically, significant changes were observed in the values of serum sodium, potassium and phosphate at 5 and 30 minutes respectively following contrast medium injection. Alterations in the levels of serum electrolytes especially calcium are most probably responsible for such adverse effects as convulsions and cardiac arrhythmias.
Ninety-four women who had undergone previous lower segment caesarean section (CS) were evaluated ... more Ninety-four women who had undergone previous lower segment caesarean section (CS) were evaluated in the third trimester of pregnancy using ultrasound for localization of the placenta. Results obtained showed that posterior upper uterine segment placental implantation occurred with the highest frequency of 36.2pc followed by anterior upper uterine segment and fundal implantations which each had a frequency of 19.1pc. For anterior lower segment implantation the frequency was 18.1pc while placenta praevia occurred with frequency of 5.3pc. Altogether, anterior uterine wall placental implantation occurred with combined frequency of 37.2pc and justifies routine ultrasonic placentography in pregnant women with previous CS who are being considered for surgical procedures like amniocentesis or another CS.
A consistent echogenic line, the "String-sign" resulting from opposed amniotic membrane... more A consistent echogenic line, the "String-sign" resulting from opposed amniotic membranes in diamniotic twin pregnancy as seen at sonography is reported. The string sign is especially useful in the detection of unsuspected twinning in late pregnancy and it should be taken as a definite pointer to multiple pregnancy whenever its presence is established at any stage in pregnancy.
Two cases of hepato-biliary excretion of intravenous sodium and meglumine diatrizoate (Urograffin... more Two cases of hepato-biliary excretion of intravenous sodium and meglumine diatrizoate (Urograffin 76%) are presented. One of these patients showed specification of of the gallbladder and colon while in the other case only the gallbladder was specified. In both cases there was marked deterioration of renal function. A brief review of the literature on hepatobiliary excretion of intravenous sodium and meglumine diatrizoate is given.
Summary Infantile meningitis is a clinical diagnosis. However, suspicion of its complications may... more Summary Infantile meningitis is a clinical diagnosis. However, suspicion of its complications may warrant further investigations; and transfrontanelle ultrasound is a reliable and cheap way to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonography in diagnosing the complications of infantile meningitis. This is a retrospective study of the transfrontanelle ultrasound findings in 40 infants presenting with clinical indicators of complicated acute bacterial meningitis. There were 20 boys and 20 girls aged 5–115 days (mean, 42.6 ± 30.1 days). The complications of meningitis detectable on ultrasound were: hydrocephalus (21[52.5%]); cerebral abscess (2[5%]); subdural empyema (2 [5%]); and ventriculitis (3[7.5%]). Twelve babies (30%) had no abnormal findings. Hydrocephalus is the most common complication of meningitis in our setting. Transfontanelle ultrasound proved to be very reliable in the initial diagnosis and follow-up of complicated meningitis.
Analysis of plain abdominal radiographs in 214 patients showed Armillier armillatus calcification... more Analysis of plain abdominal radiographs in 214 patients showed Armillier armillatus calcification in three cases (1.4 pc). Two of these cases were males aged 50 and 70 years respectively. The only female with pentastome calcification was aged 35 years giving a male to female ratio of 2:1. Typically the calcifications were either comma-shaped or rounded with central lucency measuring about 5 mm in diameter. Two (66.7 pc) of the three patients who were positive for parasitic calcification complained of abdominal pain. This however, does not necessarily imply a causal relationship between pentastome infestation and abdominal discomfort.
A retrospective study was carried out over a five-year period to establish the usefulness of cran... more A retrospective study was carried out over a five-year period to establish the usefulness of cranial ultrasound in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus among Nigerian infants. Records were obtained from 98 infants who consisted of 45 male and 53 females. Thirty-eight patients were found to .have hydrocephalus, with intracranial haemorrhage and meningitis as leading causes (21.1% and 15.8% respectively). Transfontanelle ultrasonography is an invaluable too in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus, where more complex facilities are not available
Intravenous urography was performed in 13 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and showed that 4 ... more Intravenous urography was performed in 13 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and showed that 4 cases had bilateral diffuse renal lymphomatous deposits. Back pressure changes due to ureteric compression by abdominal or pelvic masses was recorded in 5 cases and lateral displacement of the ureter in 3 cases. One patient showed bilateral poor excretion of contrast medium while 2 cases had extrinsic impressions on the urinary bladder. Intravenous urography was helpful in determining the extent of urinary tract involvement in Burkitt's lymphoma and serves as an important diagnostic tool in the investigation of patients with urinary tract symptoms or signs in this disease.
Accuracy of ultrasonography (US) in the diagnosis of orbitoocular tumours was evaluated over a fi... more Accuracy of ultrasonography (US) in the diagnosis of orbitoocular tumours was evaluated over a five-year period by retrospectively reviewing the records of eye patients referred for ocular US who either had histological confirmation of suspected orbitoocular tumour or subsequent better view of the posterior segment. A total of 20 patients were included in the study and comprised of 14 males and 6 females (M: F=2: 1). Age range was 1-70 yrs (mean 12.3 yrs). They formed part of a larger group of patients who had US scan done for other clinical indications during the study period. Retinoblastoma was found in 12 patients(60%), followed by orbital sarcoma in 3 cases(l5%); Burkitt's lymphoma and dermoid cyst each accounted for 2 cases( I 0%) while ciliary body tumour was found in one patient(5%). There was 95% correlation between US findings and histological diagnosis or the presumed clinical diagnosis. Ocular US is useful in the diagnosis and management of ocular tumours especially w...
Plain abdominal radiograph showed pancreatic calcification in four cases (5.2%) in a total of 77 ... more Plain abdominal radiograph showed pancreatic calcification in four cases (5.2%) in a total of 77 cases of diabetes mellitus. All patients with calcified pancreas were insulin-dependent male diabetics. No direct relationship was observed between duration of illness and presence of calcification in the pancreas. Low incidence of pancreatic calcification among diabetics in recent reports from Nigeria probably suggests a changing pattern of the disease in the tropics.
Background: Hydrocephalus among children is an important medical problem in view of its neurologi... more Background: Hydrocephalus among children is an important medical problem in view of its neurological sequelae in the growing child. This situation is compounded by the acute shortage of neurosurgeons in third world countries like Nigeria; hence, the need for its early detection and proper management. Objective: Evaluation of the ultrasound (US) appearances in children under 5 years of age presenting with clinical signs of raised intracranial pressure suggestive of hydrocephalus. Patients and Methods: A retrospective review of transfontanelle US scans done in 64 children (39 boys and 25 girls) attending the Department of Radiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria over a period of 2 years was carried out. The patients had a mean age of 5.0 ± 4.6 months (range: 1–60 months) at the time of their US examination. Some of the clinical indications for US scan included: Congenital hydrocephalus, encephalocele, meningomyelocele, and meningitis. All scans were performed through the anterior fontanelle using SIUI Apogee 800 PLUS scanner with a curvilinear probe using multi-frequency transducer of 2–5 MHz. Results: Fifty-two patients (81.3%) had hydrocephalus of congenital origin. Eleven cases (17.2%) had postmeningitic hydrocephalus while only 1 case (1.6%) was posthemorrhagic. Twenty-five patients (48.0%) of the congenital cases were due to cerebral aqueduct stenosis. Eleven (21.2%) of the congenital cases were from obstruction at the exit foramina of Luschka and Magendie resulting in the communicating type of hydrocephalus. Conclusion: Hydrocephalus is a known cause of neurological morbidity among infants in developing countries. Majority of the cases are congenital in origin and most commonly due to cerebral aqueduct stenosis. Transfontanelle US is cheap, affordable, nonhazardous, and more accessible than other imaging modalities. It should serve as the first-line investigation of infants with suspected hydrocephalus for early detection and monitoring of progression to determine those cases that would require shunt operation.
A fifteen-month retrospective review (December 1993 to February 1995 inclusive) was performed com... more A fifteen-month retrospective review (December 1993 to February 1995 inclusive) was performed comparing findings at Colour Doppler Ultrasound (CDU) and Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease or post-operative by-pass grafts. The records of 63 patients (43 males and 20 females) who had undergone both CDU and DSA within three months of each other were analysed. The age range of case studied was 33-84 years (mean 64 yrs.) Disease in each arterial or graft segment was classified into five grades, 0 (normal) to 4 (complete occlusion). A total of 72 limbs were examined. Fifty-four patients had unilateral symptoms while both limbs are affected in 9 cases. In all 241 arterial and graft segments were studied. There was overall agreement between findings of CDU and DSA in 193/241 (80/1%) and non-agreement in 48/241 (19.9%). Of the 48 examinations that showed discrepancy, the findings in 26/48 (54.2%) were one grade apart while in the rem...
Transfontanelle (cranial) ultrasonography was carried out in 98 Nigerian infants over a period of... more Transfontanelle (cranial) ultrasonography was carried out in 98 Nigerian infants over a period of 5 years. Of the infants, 38 (38.8%) had hydrocephalus from various causes while 26 (25.5%) had congenital anomalies. As ultrasound equipment is becoming a more readily available and affordable tool in the developing countries, it should become much easier for medical staff in these countries to arrive at the correct diagnosis of intracranial diseases in infants.
Seventy six pregnant women were examined by ultrasound (US) for prenatal determination of foetal ... more Seventy six pregnant women were examined by ultrasound (US) for prenatal determination of foetal gender. Results were compared with those of outcome at delivery. The range of gestational age (GA) at scan was 22-40 weeks (mean 35 +/- 4.0 weeks). Forty seven of the babies at birth were boys, while twenty nine were girls. Incorrect prediction foetal gender occurred in four out of seventy-six (5.3%) comprising two males and two females giving an overall accuracy of seventy two out of seventy six (94.7%). Accuracy of gender assignment was forty five out of forty seven (95.7%) for boys and twenty seven out of twenty nine (93.1%) for girls. It is recommended that discretion should be exercised in disclosing the gender of an unborn baby, especially if it does not correspond to the preferred sex of the mother. Determination of foetal gender should not be performed on demand or as a matter of routine in developing countries because of limited resources and shortage of skilled manpower.
African journal of medicine and medical sciences, 1994
Serum electrolyte and protein changes in 35 Nigerian patients undergoing intravenous urography we... more Serum electrolyte and protein changes in 35 Nigerian patients undergoing intravenous urography were evaluated after injection of 60 mls sodium and meglumine diatrizoate (Urograffin-370). Statistically, significant changes were noted in the values of serum calcium, proteins and albumin at 5 and 30 minutes after the injection (P < 0.005). The mean percentage decreases noted were calcium 13%, protein 17% and albumin 13%. At 30 minutes post-injection, the serum protein and albumin levels had incompletely recovered while calcium values continued to decrease. Non-statistically, significant changes were observed in the values of serum sodium, potassium and phosphate at 5 and 30 minutes respectively following contrast medium injection. Alterations in the levels of serum electrolytes especially calcium are most probably responsible for such adverse effects as convulsions and cardiac arrhythmias.
Ninety-four women who had undergone previous lower segment caesarean section (CS) were evaluated ... more Ninety-four women who had undergone previous lower segment caesarean section (CS) were evaluated in the third trimester of pregnancy using ultrasound for localization of the placenta. Results obtained showed that posterior upper uterine segment placental implantation occurred with the highest frequency of 36.2pc followed by anterior upper uterine segment and fundal implantations which each had a frequency of 19.1pc. For anterior lower segment implantation the frequency was 18.1pc while placenta praevia occurred with frequency of 5.3pc. Altogether, anterior uterine wall placental implantation occurred with combined frequency of 37.2pc and justifies routine ultrasonic placentography in pregnant women with previous CS who are being considered for surgical procedures like amniocentesis or another CS.
A consistent echogenic line, the "String-sign" resulting from opposed amniotic membrane... more A consistent echogenic line, the "String-sign" resulting from opposed amniotic membranes in diamniotic twin pregnancy as seen at sonography is reported. The string sign is especially useful in the detection of unsuspected twinning in late pregnancy and it should be taken as a definite pointer to multiple pregnancy whenever its presence is established at any stage in pregnancy.
Two cases of hepato-biliary excretion of intravenous sodium and meglumine diatrizoate (Urograffin... more Two cases of hepato-biliary excretion of intravenous sodium and meglumine diatrizoate (Urograffin 76%) are presented. One of these patients showed specification of of the gallbladder and colon while in the other case only the gallbladder was specified. In both cases there was marked deterioration of renal function. A brief review of the literature on hepatobiliary excretion of intravenous sodium and meglumine diatrizoate is given.
Summary Infantile meningitis is a clinical diagnosis. However, suspicion of its complications may... more Summary Infantile meningitis is a clinical diagnosis. However, suspicion of its complications may warrant further investigations; and transfrontanelle ultrasound is a reliable and cheap way to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonography in diagnosing the complications of infantile meningitis. This is a retrospective study of the transfrontanelle ultrasound findings in 40 infants presenting with clinical indicators of complicated acute bacterial meningitis. There were 20 boys and 20 girls aged 5–115 days (mean, 42.6 ± 30.1 days). The complications of meningitis detectable on ultrasound were: hydrocephalus (21[52.5%]); cerebral abscess (2[5%]); subdural empyema (2 [5%]); and ventriculitis (3[7.5%]). Twelve babies (30%) had no abnormal findings. Hydrocephalus is the most common complication of meningitis in our setting. Transfontanelle ultrasound proved to be very reliable in the initial diagnosis and follow-up of complicated meningitis.
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