The present study makes an attempt to analyse the public private dichotomy and focuses on the ide... more The present study makes an attempt to analyse the public private dichotomy and focuses on the idea of public domain of man and private domain of women. The family is private because access to it is restricted and society is public because it is accessible to all. But everything that is private is not necessarily left to the domain of individual families. Very often private options and choices become the basis for creating a public opinion and decision. Thus the question of privacy is a relative issue within the broader framework of society. The state cannot interfere with the privacy of an individual. The state can interfere on stipulated grounds. Therefore, the society including the household is private as political and personal issues affect each other. All personal problems of individuals are also decided by society. The public sphere is represented as superior to the private. Therefore the feminists have challenged this distinction between public and private sphere.
In literal sense, 'subaltern' conveys 'view from below.' The society consists of various sections... more In literal sense, 'subaltern' conveys 'view from below.' The society consists of various sections such as the rich-poor, upper caste-lower caste and privileged-unprivileged etc. Each groups and classes tries to protect its own interests. It is the function of the state to maintain peace by keeping this conflict within limits. This involves a changing allocation and redistribution of resources. In this context, affirmative action attempt to redress a situation of discrimination and promote equal opportunity. Affirmative action is also related to positive discrimination, which entails means to compensate or counter the effects of prejudices in terms of race, gender and / or disabilities.
Odisha saw the setting up of large development projects. Several private sector projects have eit... more Odisha saw the setting up of large development projects. Several private sector projects have either set up or signed MoUs with the State Government to start their units which include industrial giants Tata, Jindal, Birla, POSCO and others. But what is painful is the large-scale involuntary displacement of weaker sections, particularly the tribals. Therefore these weaker section communities are opposing the ongoing projects due to various reasons such as damage of environment, the decline in Joint Family System, landlessness, joblessness and increase in the proportion of workers,homelessness,food insecurity, loss of access to common property, social disintegration, increased morbidity and mortality, widening of socioeconomic inequalities, reduction on dependence on trees and livestock, poor dwelling conditions of the oustees, improper use of compensation money. Even though the tribal regions which fall under PESA (the provisions of the Panchayats (extension to the Scheduled areas) Act, 1996 both the government and the industry have collaborated to negotiate directly with people without engaging village panchayats in the tribal areas. In this context this paper explores two case studies, one in Kashipur area of Rayagada and other in Klinganaga in the district of Jajpur. Conflict over the mining of bauxite in the Kashipur had taken a violent turn with the killing of three innocent tribal people. On 2nd of Jan 2006, in Kalinga Nagar, twelve Adivasi people were killed by the Orissa Police. In many parts of tribal pockets of Odisha this has resulted in contestations spearheaded by those who are threatened with loosing the resources on which their survival depends. It is in this context, this paper discusses and tries to answer how the anti-industrial tribal movement in Odisha looks at this does: as a blend of "development and resistance" & "tradition and modernization", or something else?
The present study makes an attempt to analyse the public private dichotomy and focuses on the ide... more The present study makes an attempt to analyse the public private dichotomy and focuses on the idea of public domain of man and private domain of women. The family is private because access to it is restricted and society is public because it is accessible to all. But everything that is private is not necessarily left to the domain of individual families. Very often private options and choices become the basis for creating a public opinion and decision. Thus the question of privacy is a relative issue within the broader framework of society. The state cannot interfere with the privacy of an individual. The state can interfere on stipulated grounds. Therefore, the society including the household is private as political and personal issues affect each other. All personal problems of individuals are also decided by society. The public sphere is represented as superior to the private. Therefore the feminists have challenged this distinction between public and private sphere.
In literal sense, 'subaltern' conveys 'view from below.' The society consists of various sections... more In literal sense, 'subaltern' conveys 'view from below.' The society consists of various sections such as the rich-poor, upper caste-lower caste and privileged-unprivileged etc. Each groups and classes tries to protect its own interests. It is the function of the state to maintain peace by keeping this conflict within limits. This involves a changing allocation and redistribution of resources. In this context, affirmative action attempt to redress a situation of discrimination and promote equal opportunity. Affirmative action is also related to positive discrimination, which entails means to compensate or counter the effects of prejudices in terms of race, gender and / or disabilities.
In ancient times, states and governments both in war and in politics practiced coalitions and all... more In ancient times, states and governments both in war and in politics practiced coalitions and alliances. The Peloponnesian war among the Greek City States under the Athenian Ionic League and the Spartan Doric League during 431-404 B.C. or the Roman Triumvirate under Antony, Cicero and Octavian after Julius Caesar’s assassination in 44 B.C. In ancient India (3100 B.C,. or 1400 B.C. or 900 B.C.) too, there were coalitions during the Mahabharata, an epic war where a number of Janapadas were aligning themselves either with the Kauravas or with the Pandavas. Not only in war but also in politics the principle of coalition was involved in the Peloponnesian War. The Greek City States joining the Ionian League was essentially due to their love for the Athenian democracy while those States under the Doric League were supporting the political ideology of oligarchy of Sparta. 1To cut the story short, in 20th century we have witnessed the two Great World Wars. The First World War (1914-18) was fought between the Allied powers coalition and the central Powers coalition. Similarly, the Second World War (1939-45) was fought between the Allied Powers coalition and the Axis Powers coalition. Finally, the Cold War (1945-90) was a war between the Western Block coalition under the leadership of the United States and the Communist Block coalition under the leadership of the Soviet Union. And today in the general economic competition we have a sort of coalition among the G-7 of the Developed North and the G-15 of the Developing South; or in the nuclear club we also have the coalition partners of the pro-Non-Proliferation and the coalition partners of the anti- Non- Proliferation. In one world, we may perhaps apply the concept of coalition of any game of power struggle whether at the international, national, regional or sub-regional levels. 2 In India, the national political situation today is facing a period of instability arising out of no single party getting a clear majority in forming the government. At the regional level also many States are facing similar situations. One may like it or not, coalition politics has become an essential feature of present day Indian democracy.
Odisha saw the setting up of large development projects. Several private sector projects have eit... more Odisha saw the setting up of large development projects. Several private sector projects have either set up or signed MoUs with the State Government to start their units which include industrial giants Tata, Jindal, Birla, POSCO and others. But what is painful is the large-scale involuntary displacement of weaker sections, particularly the tribals. Therefore these weaker section communities are opposing the ongoing projects due to various reasons such as damage of environment, the decline in Joint Family System, landlessness, joblessness and increase in the proportion of workers,homelessness,food insecurity, loss of access to common property, social disintegration, increased morbidity and mortality, widening of socioeconomic inequalities, reduction on dependence on trees and livestock, poor dwelling conditions of the oustees, improper use of compensation money. Even though the tribal regions which fall under PESA (the provisions of the Panchayats (extension to the Scheduled areas) Act, 1996 both the government and the industry have collaborated to negotiate directly with people without engaging village panchayats in the tribal areas. In this context this paper explores two case studies, one in Kashipur area of Rayagada and other in Klinganaga in the district of Jajpur. Conflict over the mining of bauxite in the Kashipur had taken a violent turn with the killing of three innocent tribal people. On 2nd of Jan 2006, in Kalinga Nagar, twelve Adivasi people were killed by the Orissa Police. In many parts of tribal pockets of Odisha this has resulted in contestations spearheaded by those who are threatened with loosing the resources on which their survival depends. It is in this context, this paper discusses and tries to answer how the anti-industrial tribal movement in Odisha looks at this does: as a blend of "development and resistance" & "tradition and modernization", or something else?
The present study makes an attempt to analyse the public private dichotomy and focuses on the ide... more The present study makes an attempt to analyse the public private dichotomy and focuses on the idea of public domain of man and private domain of women. The family is private because access to it is restricted and society is public because it is accessible to all. But everything that is private is not necessarily left to the domain of individual families. Very often private options and choices become the basis for creating a public opinion and decision. Thus the question of privacy is a relative issue within the broader framework of society. The state cannot interfere with the privacy of an individual. The state can interfere on stipulated grounds. Therefore, the society including the household is private as political and personal issues affect each other. All personal problems of individuals are also decided by society. The public sphere is represented as superior to the private. Therefore the feminists have challenged this distinction between public and private sphere.
In literal sense, 'subaltern' conveys 'view from below.' The society consists of various sections... more In literal sense, 'subaltern' conveys 'view from below.' The society consists of various sections such as the rich-poor, upper caste-lower caste and privileged-unprivileged etc. Each groups and classes tries to protect its own interests. It is the function of the state to maintain peace by keeping this conflict within limits. This involves a changing allocation and redistribution of resources. In this context, affirmative action attempt to redress a situation of discrimination and promote equal opportunity. Affirmative action is also related to positive discrimination, which entails means to compensate or counter the effects of prejudices in terms of race, gender and / or disabilities.
Odisha saw the setting up of large development projects. Several private sector projects have eit... more Odisha saw the setting up of large development projects. Several private sector projects have either set up or signed MoUs with the State Government to start their units which include industrial giants Tata, Jindal, Birla, POSCO and others. But what is painful is the large-scale involuntary displacement of weaker sections, particularly the tribals. Therefore these weaker section communities are opposing the ongoing projects due to various reasons such as damage of environment, the decline in Joint Family System, landlessness, joblessness and increase in the proportion of workers,homelessness,food insecurity, loss of access to common property, social disintegration, increased morbidity and mortality, widening of socioeconomic inequalities, reduction on dependence on trees and livestock, poor dwelling conditions of the oustees, improper use of compensation money. Even though the tribal regions which fall under PESA (the provisions of the Panchayats (extension to the Scheduled areas) Act, 1996 both the government and the industry have collaborated to negotiate directly with people without engaging village panchayats in the tribal areas. In this context this paper explores two case studies, one in Kashipur area of Rayagada and other in Klinganaga in the district of Jajpur. Conflict over the mining of bauxite in the Kashipur had taken a violent turn with the killing of three innocent tribal people. On 2nd of Jan 2006, in Kalinga Nagar, twelve Adivasi people were killed by the Orissa Police. In many parts of tribal pockets of Odisha this has resulted in contestations spearheaded by those who are threatened with loosing the resources on which their survival depends. It is in this context, this paper discusses and tries to answer how the anti-industrial tribal movement in Odisha looks at this does: as a blend of "development and resistance" & "tradition and modernization", or something else?
The present study makes an attempt to analyse the public private dichotomy and focuses on the ide... more The present study makes an attempt to analyse the public private dichotomy and focuses on the idea of public domain of man and private domain of women. The family is private because access to it is restricted and society is public because it is accessible to all. But everything that is private is not necessarily left to the domain of individual families. Very often private options and choices become the basis for creating a public opinion and decision. Thus the question of privacy is a relative issue within the broader framework of society. The state cannot interfere with the privacy of an individual. The state can interfere on stipulated grounds. Therefore, the society including the household is private as political and personal issues affect each other. All personal problems of individuals are also decided by society. The public sphere is represented as superior to the private. Therefore the feminists have challenged this distinction between public and private sphere.
In literal sense, 'subaltern' conveys 'view from below.' The society consists of various sections... more In literal sense, 'subaltern' conveys 'view from below.' The society consists of various sections such as the rich-poor, upper caste-lower caste and privileged-unprivileged etc. Each groups and classes tries to protect its own interests. It is the function of the state to maintain peace by keeping this conflict within limits. This involves a changing allocation and redistribution of resources. In this context, affirmative action attempt to redress a situation of discrimination and promote equal opportunity. Affirmative action is also related to positive discrimination, which entails means to compensate or counter the effects of prejudices in terms of race, gender and / or disabilities.
In ancient times, states and governments both in war and in politics practiced coalitions and all... more In ancient times, states and governments both in war and in politics practiced coalitions and alliances. The Peloponnesian war among the Greek City States under the Athenian Ionic League and the Spartan Doric League during 431-404 B.C. or the Roman Triumvirate under Antony, Cicero and Octavian after Julius Caesar’s assassination in 44 B.C. In ancient India (3100 B.C,. or 1400 B.C. or 900 B.C.) too, there were coalitions during the Mahabharata, an epic war where a number of Janapadas were aligning themselves either with the Kauravas or with the Pandavas. Not only in war but also in politics the principle of coalition was involved in the Peloponnesian War. The Greek City States joining the Ionian League was essentially due to their love for the Athenian democracy while those States under the Doric League were supporting the political ideology of oligarchy of Sparta. 1To cut the story short, in 20th century we have witnessed the two Great World Wars. The First World War (1914-18) was fought between the Allied powers coalition and the central Powers coalition. Similarly, the Second World War (1939-45) was fought between the Allied Powers coalition and the Axis Powers coalition. Finally, the Cold War (1945-90) was a war between the Western Block coalition under the leadership of the United States and the Communist Block coalition under the leadership of the Soviet Union. And today in the general economic competition we have a sort of coalition among the G-7 of the Developed North and the G-15 of the Developing South; or in the nuclear club we also have the coalition partners of the pro-Non-Proliferation and the coalition partners of the anti- Non- Proliferation. In one world, we may perhaps apply the concept of coalition of any game of power struggle whether at the international, national, regional or sub-regional levels. 2 In India, the national political situation today is facing a period of instability arising out of no single party getting a clear majority in forming the government. At the regional level also many States are facing similar situations. One may like it or not, coalition politics has become an essential feature of present day Indian democracy.
Odisha saw the setting up of large development projects. Several private sector projects have eit... more Odisha saw the setting up of large development projects. Several private sector projects have either set up or signed MoUs with the State Government to start their units which include industrial giants Tata, Jindal, Birla, POSCO and others. But what is painful is the large-scale involuntary displacement of weaker sections, particularly the tribals. Therefore these weaker section communities are opposing the ongoing projects due to various reasons such as damage of environment, the decline in Joint Family System, landlessness, joblessness and increase in the proportion of workers,homelessness,food insecurity, loss of access to common property, social disintegration, increased morbidity and mortality, widening of socioeconomic inequalities, reduction on dependence on trees and livestock, poor dwelling conditions of the oustees, improper use of compensation money. Even though the tribal regions which fall under PESA (the provisions of the Panchayats (extension to the Scheduled areas) Act, 1996 both the government and the industry have collaborated to negotiate directly with people without engaging village panchayats in the tribal areas. In this context this paper explores two case studies, one in Kashipur area of Rayagada and other in Klinganaga in the district of Jajpur. Conflict over the mining of bauxite in the Kashipur had taken a violent turn with the killing of three innocent tribal people. On 2nd of Jan 2006, in Kalinga Nagar, twelve Adivasi people were killed by the Orissa Police. In many parts of tribal pockets of Odisha this has resulted in contestations spearheaded by those who are threatened with loosing the resources on which their survival depends. It is in this context, this paper discusses and tries to answer how the anti-industrial tribal movement in Odisha looks at this does: as a blend of "development and resistance" & "tradition and modernization", or something else?
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Proliferation. In one world, we may perhaps apply the concept of coalition of any game of power struggle whether at the international, national, regional or sub-regional levels. 2 In India, the national political situation today is facing a period of instability arising out of no single party getting a clear majority in forming the government. At the regional level also many States are facing similar situations. One may like it or not, coalition politics has become an essential feature of present day Indian democracy.
Proliferation. In one world, we may perhaps apply the concept of coalition of any game of power struggle whether at the international, national, regional or sub-regional levels. 2 In India, the national political situation today is facing a period of instability arising out of no single party getting a clear majority in forming the government. At the regional level also many States are facing similar situations. One may like it or not, coalition politics has become an essential feature of present day Indian democracy.