Cloud computing is currently the axiom in IT industry, and many are curious to know what cloud co... more Cloud computing is currently the axiom in IT industry, and many are curious to know what cloud computing is and how it works. It is very stimulating and tempting technology which contributes multiple services to users over internet. It's a distributed resource environment and it is used to store the data, due to that security becomes main hurdle in deployment of cloud environment. In this paper we discussed various security concerns like Data Breaches, Hijacking of accounts, Insider Threat, Abuse of cloud services, Data loss, Malware Injection.
The demand of multimedia information is increasing rapidly. Therefore, multimedia security has be... more The demand of multimedia information is increasing rapidly. Therefore, multimedia security has become one of the most aspects of communications with the continuous increase in the use of digital data transmission. Many approaches are there to secure multimedia information. In this paper Selective Encryption is proposed along with compression on multimedia information. This paper proposed a new system of video encryption. The proposed system aim Selective Encryption is performed by using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm and Compression is performed using H.264/AVC Standard. The system includes two main functions; first is the encoding/encryption of video stream, through the execution of two processes (the input sequences of video is first compressed by the H.264/AVC encoder, and the encoded bit stream (I-frame) is partially encrypted using AES block cipher). And the second function is the decryption/decoding of the encrypted video through two process (specify the encr...
Polymorphism in cytokine genes may affect its production, which play an important role in modulat... more Polymorphism in cytokine genes may affect its production, which play an important role in modulation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Evaluation of these polymorphisms might help to understand why some individuals remain uninfected in spite of several exposures to HIV infection, such as the negative spouses of discordant couples. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 13 cytokine genes and their receptors with HIV infection in serodiscordant couples, attending the Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre of a Municipality Hospital. At the end of at least 2 years of follow up, 42 couples were confirmed as being serodiscordant. Genotyping was carried out in blood samples of these couples using the polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific amplification method. Significantly high frequency of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist IL-1RA mspa 11100 CC (P=0.04), tumor necrosis factor-alpha TNF-α -238 AG (P=0.01...
Background. NK cells have anti-HIV activity mediated through killer cell immunoglobulin-like rece... more Background. NK cells have anti-HIV activity mediated through killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). The current prospective cohort study evaluated whether variation in KIR genes is associated with HIV infection in discordant couples (DCs), where one spouse remains seronegative (HSN) despite repeated exposure to the HIV.Methods. KIR was genotyped using PCR SSP. Viral load and CD4 counts were estimated using commercially available reagents. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results. Among the 47 DCs, HSN spouses had significantly (P=0.006) higher frequencies of KIR3DS1. Regression analysis revealed significant (P=0.009) association of KIR2DS1 with low viral load. KIR2DS4 variant was associated (P=0.032) with high viral load. Three pairs of KIR genes were in strong LD in HSNs and two pairs in HSPs. There were 60 KIR genotypes, and 16 are reported the first time in the Indian population. Exclusive genotypes were present either in HSPs (N=22, 11 unique genotypes) or in HS...
Host genetic diversity plays a very important role in protecting infants exposed to HIV-1 through... more Host genetic diversity plays a very important role in protecting infants exposed to HIV-1 through their mothers. IL-1 family genes are key mediators of inflammatory responses and no studies are available on its association with perinatal HIV transmission. We aimed to evaluate if single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-1 family genes are associated with perinatal HIV transmission. Infants of HIV positive women were genotyped for five polymorphic loci in IL1 gene cluster namely; IL1R1 (rs2234650), IL1A (rs1800587), IL1B (rs16944), IL1B (rs1143634), and IL1RN (rs315952) using polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) method. Haplotype block structure was determined using Haploview and statistical analysis was done using PyPop. In this cohort based observational study significantly increased frequency of CT genotype in IL1R1 (rs2234650) was observed in positive vs. negative children (76.4% vs. 42.2%, p = 0.023), while CC genotype was significantly (p = 0.022) high in exposed uninfected children compared to infected ones (51.1% vs. 17.6%). These significances, however, did not stand the Bonferroni corrections. Haplotypic analysis demonstrated that the TCCCT haplotype was significantly associated (p = 0.002) with HIV transmission and remained significant even after Bonferroni correction. The children who had the protective CC genotype at IL1R1 (rs2234650) and were still positive had the TTC haplotype for IL1A (rs1800587):IL1B (rs1143634):IL1R1 (rs2234650). In contrast, 16 out of 19 (84.2%) children who had the CT genotype and were still negative had the protective CTC haplotype for IL1A (rs1800587):IL1B (rs16944):IL1B (rs1143634). IL1R1 (rs2234650) polymorphisms CT/CC along the specific haplotypes of the IL-1 gene family can be exploited as possible markers for prediction of perinatal HIV transmission.
Cloud computing is currently the axiom in IT industry, and many are curious to know what cloud co... more Cloud computing is currently the axiom in IT industry, and many are curious to know what cloud computing is and how it works. It is very stimulating and tempting technology which contributes multiple services to users over internet. It's a distributed resource environment and it is used to store the data, due to that security becomes main hurdle in deployment of cloud environment. In this paper we discussed various security concerns like Data Breaches, Hijacking of accounts, Insider Threat, Abuse of cloud services, Data loss, Malware Injection.
The demand of multimedia information is increasing rapidly. Therefore, multimedia security has be... more The demand of multimedia information is increasing rapidly. Therefore, multimedia security has become one of the most aspects of communications with the continuous increase in the use of digital data transmission. Many approaches are there to secure multimedia information. In this paper Selective Encryption is proposed along with compression on multimedia information. This paper proposed a new system of video encryption. The proposed system aim Selective Encryption is performed by using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm and Compression is performed using H.264/AVC Standard. The system includes two main functions; first is the encoding/encryption of video stream, through the execution of two processes (the input sequences of video is first compressed by the H.264/AVC encoder, and the encoded bit stream (I-frame) is partially encrypted using AES block cipher). And the second function is the decryption/decoding of the encrypted video through two process (specify the encr...
Polymorphism in cytokine genes may affect its production, which play an important role in modulat... more Polymorphism in cytokine genes may affect its production, which play an important role in modulation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Evaluation of these polymorphisms might help to understand why some individuals remain uninfected in spite of several exposures to HIV infection, such as the negative spouses of discordant couples. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 13 cytokine genes and their receptors with HIV infection in serodiscordant couples, attending the Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre of a Municipality Hospital. At the end of at least 2 years of follow up, 42 couples were confirmed as being serodiscordant. Genotyping was carried out in blood samples of these couples using the polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific amplification method. Significantly high frequency of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist IL-1RA mspa 11100 CC (P=0.04), tumor necrosis factor-alpha TNF-α -238 AG (P=0.01...
Background. NK cells have anti-HIV activity mediated through killer cell immunoglobulin-like rece... more Background. NK cells have anti-HIV activity mediated through killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). The current prospective cohort study evaluated whether variation in KIR genes is associated with HIV infection in discordant couples (DCs), where one spouse remains seronegative (HSN) despite repeated exposure to the HIV.Methods. KIR was genotyped using PCR SSP. Viral load and CD4 counts were estimated using commercially available reagents. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results. Among the 47 DCs, HSN spouses had significantly (P=0.006) higher frequencies of KIR3DS1. Regression analysis revealed significant (P=0.009) association of KIR2DS1 with low viral load. KIR2DS4 variant was associated (P=0.032) with high viral load. Three pairs of KIR genes were in strong LD in HSNs and two pairs in HSPs. There were 60 KIR genotypes, and 16 are reported the first time in the Indian population. Exclusive genotypes were present either in HSPs (N=22, 11 unique genotypes) or in HS...
Host genetic diversity plays a very important role in protecting infants exposed to HIV-1 through... more Host genetic diversity plays a very important role in protecting infants exposed to HIV-1 through their mothers. IL-1 family genes are key mediators of inflammatory responses and no studies are available on its association with perinatal HIV transmission. We aimed to evaluate if single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-1 family genes are associated with perinatal HIV transmission. Infants of HIV positive women were genotyped for five polymorphic loci in IL1 gene cluster namely; IL1R1 (rs2234650), IL1A (rs1800587), IL1B (rs16944), IL1B (rs1143634), and IL1RN (rs315952) using polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) method. Haplotype block structure was determined using Haploview and statistical analysis was done using PyPop. In this cohort based observational study significantly increased frequency of CT genotype in IL1R1 (rs2234650) was observed in positive vs. negative children (76.4% vs. 42.2%, p = 0.023), while CC genotype was significantly (p = 0.022) high in exposed uninfected children compared to infected ones (51.1% vs. 17.6%). These significances, however, did not stand the Bonferroni corrections. Haplotypic analysis demonstrated that the TCCCT haplotype was significantly associated (p = 0.002) with HIV transmission and remained significant even after Bonferroni correction. The children who had the protective CC genotype at IL1R1 (rs2234650) and were still positive had the TTC haplotype for IL1A (rs1800587):IL1B (rs1143634):IL1R1 (rs2234650). In contrast, 16 out of 19 (84.2%) children who had the CT genotype and were still negative had the protective CTC haplotype for IL1A (rs1800587):IL1B (rs16944):IL1B (rs1143634). IL1R1 (rs2234650) polymorphisms CT/CC along the specific haplotypes of the IL-1 gene family can be exploited as possible markers for prediction of perinatal HIV transmission.
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