The Open Institute of the African BioGenome Project empowers African scientists and institutions ... more The Open Institute of the African BioGenome Project empowers African scientists and institutions with the skill sets, capacity and infrastructure to advance scientific knowledge and innovation and drive economic growth.
The domesticated Vigna species still need some of the beneficial characters that exist in the wil... more The domesticated Vigna species still need some of the beneficial characters that exist in the wild Vigna species, despite the improvements obtained so far. This study was carried out to enhance our understanding of the Senegalese wild Vigna diversity by exploring the agro-morphological characteristics of some accessions using 22 traits. The phenotyping was carried out in a shaded house for two consecutive rainy seasons (2021 and 2022) using the alpha-lattice experimental design with 55 accessions. Multiple correspondence analysis was carried out based on the qualitative traits, which showed considerable variability for the wild species (Vigna unguiculata var. spontanea, Vigna racemosa, Vigna radiata and the unidentified accession). The quantitative traits were subjected to statistical analysis using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Our results revealed that ninety-five percent (95%) pod maturity ranged from 74.2 to 125.8 days in accession 3 of V. unguiculata and in accession 92 (V....
ABSTRACT In this review, the recent progress on genetic transformation of forest trees were discu... more ABSTRACT In this review, the recent progress on genetic transformation of forest trees were discussed. Its described also, different applications of genetic engineering for improving forest trees or understanding the mechanisms governing genes expression in woody plants.
Casuarina glauca et allocasuarina verticillata sont deux especes ligneuses de la famille des casu... more Casuarina glauca et allocasuarina verticillata sont deux especes ligneuses de la famille des casuarinaceae capables d'etablir une symbiose fixatrice d'azote avec un actinomycete du sol, frankia. Afin d'introduire des genes etrangers dans ces especes, nous avons choisi deux strategies de transformation. La premiere strategie est basee sur l'utilisation de la souche sauvage a4rs d'agrobacterium rhizogenes pour induire des racines transformees chez c. Glauca. Environ 70% des plantes inoculees au niveau de l'hypocotyle avec a4rs porteuse du gene uida sous le controle du promoteur 35s presentent des racines au point de blessure au bout de trois semaines. La nature transformee de ces racines a ete demontree par l'amplification en chaine par polymerase et par la realisation de tests histochimiques. Apres elimination de la racine principale, 40% des plantes chimeres inoculees par la souche thr de frankia presentent des nodules. L'analyse histochimique de l'expression du gene uida dans les nodules transformes montre une activite gus dans tous les tissus a l'exception des cellules infectees par frankia et des cellules du periderme. Dans la deuxieme strategie nous avons utilise la souche c58c1(pgv2260) desarmee d'agrobacterium tumefaciens comme vecteur de transformation d'a. Verticillata. Des embryons zygotiques matures ont ete blesses puis cocultives avec la souche c58c1(pgv2260) porteuse du gene uida sous le controle du promoteur 35s et du gene marqueur nptii. Environ deux mois apres culture sur milieu nutritif contenant des phytohormones et un marqueur de selection, 21% des embryons ont donne naissance a des cals dont 70% produisent des plantes au bout de six mois. La presence du gene uida dans le genome de ces plantes a ete demontree par analyse qualitative et quantitative de l'activite gus, par amplification en chaine par polymerase des transgenes et par la technique de southern. Des nodules fixateurs d'azote ont ete produits apres inoculation avec la souche allo2 de frankia. Les deux strategies mises au point ont ete utilisees pour analyser l'expression du gene rapporteur gus sous le controle de promoteurs des genes d'hemoglobine symbiotique (lbc3 de soja et hb de parasponia) et non symbiotique (hb de trema) de legumineuses et de non legumineuses chez c. Glauca et a. Verticillata. Les resultats obtenus indiquent que les mecanismes qui gouvernent l'expression de ces genes sont conserves entre non legumineuses, legumineuses et plantes actinorhiziennes
DAF technology applied to two parental inbred lines (ITS 84-2049 and 524 B) and four other select... more DAF technology applied to two parental inbred lines (ITS 84-2049 and 524 B) and four other selected varieties of cowpea (Mougne, Ndiambour, Mouride and Diogoma) revealed informative and reproducible banding patterns. The different lines showed several common bands but also some specific ones which attest of intra-varietal diversity also revealed by the inheritance of agronomical and botanical traits. The abundance of DNA bands showed that DAF markers are very informative for the determination of genotypic variation in cowpea, and suggests that these markers can be used for breeding purpose to quickly analyze and efficiently identify candidates for crossing. These markers are also an excellent complement to RAPD and RFLP markers already integrated into the cowpea map established at UC Davis California). DAF analysis and PAGE/SS are easy and very powerful technologies to screen the national cowpea germplasm collection in Senegal.
ABSTRACT Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an important warm-season legume grown mostly by... more ABSTRACT Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an important warm-season legume grown mostly by the poor farmers in the semiarid tropics for human con-sumption and animal feeding. The crop was originated from Africa where it was domesticated from its wild progenitor V. unguiculata subsp. unguiculata var spontanea . In addition, single nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNP) analysis suggested different domestication events from East to West Africa or single domestication process in the fi rst region followed by transportation in the second. On the basis of molecular analyses, the genome organization of the crop was intensively studied, leading to the identifi cation of two gene pools and gene fl ow between cultivated and wild forms or crop to crop can be a threat to the breeding programs. A wide range of biotic (virus, bacteria, fungi, insects, nematodes, and plants) and abiotic (like low phosphorus avail-ability, soil acidity or salinity, drought, and high temperature at night) factors are limiting cowpea production in different parts of the world. To overcome these constraints, diverse programs were implemented for base broadening using interspecifi c hybridization between cowpea and other members of its genus with limited success because of pre-zygotic and post-zygotic barriers. These failures led the investigators to implement protocols to introduce for-eign genes into cowpea. Currently, several genes of interest such as herbicide imazapyr , α-amylase inhibitor 1 (against bruchids), and Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac (against Maruca) have been introduced successfully into commercially
ABSTRACT Actinorhizal nodules or actinorhizae represent the most typical example of modified non ... more ABSTRACT Actinorhizal nodules or actinorhizae represent the most typical example of modified non pathogenic roots (nodule lobes), induced by signals synthetized by the microsymbiont. The formation of a nodule lobe occurs in four steps: infection of the root hair by Frankia, formation of the prenodule, initiation and nodule lobe infection. The nodule lobe comprises four distinct zones which are the result of the Frankia acropetal growth and of the differentiation of tissues originating from the apical meristem. In situ hybridization studies of the expression of nif genes of Frankia show that the zone of infected mature cells (zone III) is the zone where the nitrogen fixation is the greatest. Similitudes and differences with organogenesis of the nodules of legumes are displayed and the interest of this primitive symbiosis is emphasized.
The Open Institute of the African BioGenome Project empowers African scientists and institutions ... more The Open Institute of the African BioGenome Project empowers African scientists and institutions with the skill sets, capacity and infrastructure to advance scientific knowledge and innovation and drive economic growth.
The domesticated Vigna species still need some of the beneficial characters that exist in the wil... more The domesticated Vigna species still need some of the beneficial characters that exist in the wild Vigna species, despite the improvements obtained so far. This study was carried out to enhance our understanding of the Senegalese wild Vigna diversity by exploring the agro-morphological characteristics of some accessions using 22 traits. The phenotyping was carried out in a shaded house for two consecutive rainy seasons (2021 and 2022) using the alpha-lattice experimental design with 55 accessions. Multiple correspondence analysis was carried out based on the qualitative traits, which showed considerable variability for the wild species (Vigna unguiculata var. spontanea, Vigna racemosa, Vigna radiata and the unidentified accession). The quantitative traits were subjected to statistical analysis using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Our results revealed that ninety-five percent (95%) pod maturity ranged from 74.2 to 125.8 days in accession 3 of V. unguiculata and in accession 92 (V....
ABSTRACT In this review, the recent progress on genetic transformation of forest trees were discu... more ABSTRACT In this review, the recent progress on genetic transformation of forest trees were discussed. Its described also, different applications of genetic engineering for improving forest trees or understanding the mechanisms governing genes expression in woody plants.
Casuarina glauca et allocasuarina verticillata sont deux especes ligneuses de la famille des casu... more Casuarina glauca et allocasuarina verticillata sont deux especes ligneuses de la famille des casuarinaceae capables d'etablir une symbiose fixatrice d'azote avec un actinomycete du sol, frankia. Afin d'introduire des genes etrangers dans ces especes, nous avons choisi deux strategies de transformation. La premiere strategie est basee sur l'utilisation de la souche sauvage a4rs d'agrobacterium rhizogenes pour induire des racines transformees chez c. Glauca. Environ 70% des plantes inoculees au niveau de l'hypocotyle avec a4rs porteuse du gene uida sous le controle du promoteur 35s presentent des racines au point de blessure au bout de trois semaines. La nature transformee de ces racines a ete demontree par l'amplification en chaine par polymerase et par la realisation de tests histochimiques. Apres elimination de la racine principale, 40% des plantes chimeres inoculees par la souche thr de frankia presentent des nodules. L'analyse histochimique de l'expression du gene uida dans les nodules transformes montre une activite gus dans tous les tissus a l'exception des cellules infectees par frankia et des cellules du periderme. Dans la deuxieme strategie nous avons utilise la souche c58c1(pgv2260) desarmee d'agrobacterium tumefaciens comme vecteur de transformation d'a. Verticillata. Des embryons zygotiques matures ont ete blesses puis cocultives avec la souche c58c1(pgv2260) porteuse du gene uida sous le controle du promoteur 35s et du gene marqueur nptii. Environ deux mois apres culture sur milieu nutritif contenant des phytohormones et un marqueur de selection, 21% des embryons ont donne naissance a des cals dont 70% produisent des plantes au bout de six mois. La presence du gene uida dans le genome de ces plantes a ete demontree par analyse qualitative et quantitative de l'activite gus, par amplification en chaine par polymerase des transgenes et par la technique de southern. Des nodules fixateurs d'azote ont ete produits apres inoculation avec la souche allo2 de frankia. Les deux strategies mises au point ont ete utilisees pour analyser l'expression du gene rapporteur gus sous le controle de promoteurs des genes d'hemoglobine symbiotique (lbc3 de soja et hb de parasponia) et non symbiotique (hb de trema) de legumineuses et de non legumineuses chez c. Glauca et a. Verticillata. Les resultats obtenus indiquent que les mecanismes qui gouvernent l'expression de ces genes sont conserves entre non legumineuses, legumineuses et plantes actinorhiziennes
DAF technology applied to two parental inbred lines (ITS 84-2049 and 524 B) and four other select... more DAF technology applied to two parental inbred lines (ITS 84-2049 and 524 B) and four other selected varieties of cowpea (Mougne, Ndiambour, Mouride and Diogoma) revealed informative and reproducible banding patterns. The different lines showed several common bands but also some specific ones which attest of intra-varietal diversity also revealed by the inheritance of agronomical and botanical traits. The abundance of DNA bands showed that DAF markers are very informative for the determination of genotypic variation in cowpea, and suggests that these markers can be used for breeding purpose to quickly analyze and efficiently identify candidates for crossing. These markers are also an excellent complement to RAPD and RFLP markers already integrated into the cowpea map established at UC Davis California). DAF analysis and PAGE/SS are easy and very powerful technologies to screen the national cowpea germplasm collection in Senegal.
ABSTRACT Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an important warm-season legume grown mostly by... more ABSTRACT Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an important warm-season legume grown mostly by the poor farmers in the semiarid tropics for human con-sumption and animal feeding. The crop was originated from Africa where it was domesticated from its wild progenitor V. unguiculata subsp. unguiculata var spontanea . In addition, single nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNP) analysis suggested different domestication events from East to West Africa or single domestication process in the fi rst region followed by transportation in the second. On the basis of molecular analyses, the genome organization of the crop was intensively studied, leading to the identifi cation of two gene pools and gene fl ow between cultivated and wild forms or crop to crop can be a threat to the breeding programs. A wide range of biotic (virus, bacteria, fungi, insects, nematodes, and plants) and abiotic (like low phosphorus avail-ability, soil acidity or salinity, drought, and high temperature at night) factors are limiting cowpea production in different parts of the world. To overcome these constraints, diverse programs were implemented for base broadening using interspecifi c hybridization between cowpea and other members of its genus with limited success because of pre-zygotic and post-zygotic barriers. These failures led the investigators to implement protocols to introduce for-eign genes into cowpea. Currently, several genes of interest such as herbicide imazapyr , α-amylase inhibitor 1 (against bruchids), and Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac (against Maruca) have been introduced successfully into commercially
ABSTRACT Actinorhizal nodules or actinorhizae represent the most typical example of modified non ... more ABSTRACT Actinorhizal nodules or actinorhizae represent the most typical example of modified non pathogenic roots (nodule lobes), induced by signals synthetized by the microsymbiont. The formation of a nodule lobe occurs in four steps: infection of the root hair by Frankia, formation of the prenodule, initiation and nodule lobe infection. The nodule lobe comprises four distinct zones which are the result of the Frankia acropetal growth and of the differentiation of tissues originating from the apical meristem. In situ hybridization studies of the expression of nif genes of Frankia show that the zone of infected mature cells (zone III) is the zone where the nitrogen fixation is the greatest. Similitudes and differences with organogenesis of the nodules of legumes are displayed and the interest of this primitive symbiosis is emphasized.
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