After the kernel number per spike has been formed during the vegetative stage, grain weight depen... more After the kernel number per spike has been formed during the vegetative stage, grain weight depends on the rate and duration of grain filling. Drought and high temperatures during the grain filling stage frequently occurs in the majority of barley growing regions worldwide. To investigate impact of terminal drought stress on grain filling parameters and grain yield, 15 two- and 10 six-rowed barley genotypes were tested in two-year field trials, set in two locations with two treatments. One treatment was control (C), while in the other treatment (D) terminal drought was simulated by mechanical removal of all leaf blades 7 days after heading of each genotype. In average, defoliation caused reduction of yield (33%), grain filling rate (12%) and 1000-kernel weight (11%). In both treatments, grain yield and the absolute grain filling rate were higher in two-rowed barley genotypes than in six-rowed ones. In both treatments, the correlation was stronger between yield and grain filling dura...
Research article Different levels of humoral immunoreactivity to different wheat cultivars gliadi... more Research article Different levels of humoral immunoreactivity to different wheat cultivars gliadin are present in patients with celiac disease and in patients with multiple myeloma
5 Abstract: Enhanced dry matter remobilization from vegetative tissues under terminal drought con... more 5 Abstract: Enhanced dry matter remobilization from vegetative tissues under terminal drought contributes to wheat grain yield. Two-year field study was conducted with aim to determine the range of compensatory effect (CE) based on stem dry matter remobilization in defoliated (10 days after anthesis) and intact plants of 61 wheat (Triticum aestivum L) genotypes included three groups: 17 standard genotypes, 27 F4:5 families and 17 parent genotypes (only second season) used to make F4:5 families. Agronomical, morphological and anatomical traits which influence the CE were analysed. Over two seasons CE was affected by environmental conditions. On average across standards and F4:5 families CE was higher in the first season when mean stress intensity index of 0.145 (quantified as mild stress) was lower than 0.278 (quantified as moderate stress) obtained for the second season. Genotypes with higher number of spikelets and grains per spike, as well later flowering showed be yield loss comp...
Izvod: Potreba za oplemenjivanjem psenice na nizak sadraj fi tinske kiseline proistekla je iz nj... more Izvod: Potreba za oplemenjivanjem psenice na nizak sadraj fi tinske kiseline proistekla je iz njene uloge antinutritivnog faktora koji vezujuci mineralne elemente (Ca, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, kao i P) dovodi do njihovog nedovoljnog iskoriscavanja. Neiskorisceni fosfor u kompleksu sa fi tinskom kiselinom se preko lanca ishrane nepreivara (ivina, svinje, ribe) izlucuje u spoljasnju sredinu i uzrokuje zagađivanje vodenih ekosistema. Razvijene su brojne indirektne (spektrofotometrijske) i direktne (HPLC - High Performance Liquid Chromatography) metode za brzo i pouzdano utvrđivanje sadraja fi tinske kiseline u zrnu psenice. Brojna istraivanja u svetu su pokazala da se sadraj fi tinske kiseline krece od jedan do nekoliko procenata suve mase semena i 50% do 85% ukupnog fosfora u semenu. Utvrđena je znacajna geneticka varijabilnost sadraja fi tinske kiseline i fi tatnog fosfora u zrnu sorata i linija psenice u razlicitim uslovima spoljasnje sredine. Oplemenjivanjem je dobijen i mutant pseni...
Changes in climate are likely to have a negative impact on water availability and soil fertility ... more Changes in climate are likely to have a negative impact on water availability and soil fertility in many maize-growing agricultural areas. The development of high-throughput phenotyping platforms provides a new prospect for dissecting the dynamic complex plant traits such as abiotic stress tolerance into simple components. The growth phenotypes of 20 maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines were monitored in a non-invasive way under control, nitrogen, and water limitation as well as under combined nitrogen and water stress using an automated phenotyping system in greenhouse conditions. Thirteen biomass-related and morphophysiological traits were extracted from RGB images acquired at 33 time points covering developmental stages from leaf count 5 at the first imaging date to leaf count 10–13 at the final harvest. For these traits, genetic differences were identified and dynamic developmental trends during different maize growth stages were analyzed. The difference between control and water st...
In many regions worldwide, vetch is an important forage crops for the production of fibrous feed.... more In many regions worldwide, vetch is an important forage crops for the production of fibrous feed. Vetch seed available on the south-eastern Europe market often differ in the size, colour and age, hence seed quality and seedling vigour are questionable. Seed samples of two vetch varieties were drawn from three lots during two years. According to these samples, seeds were classified into groups of three sizes and three colours. The effect of the seed size and colour on seed quality and seedling vigour was estimated immediately after harvest, and then nine, 21 and 33 months after harvest. The determined effects of seed size, colour and age, as well as of their interactions on seed quality and seedling vigour were significant. On the other hand, years, varieties, lots and their interactions did not significantly affect seed quality and seedling vigour. There were no significant differences in seed quality and seedling vigour over nine-, 21and 33-month storage periods, but the ageing tes...
Wheat grain Zn concentration has important implications for Zn dietary intake in humans. Zn biofo... more Wheat grain Zn concentration has important implications for Zn dietary intake in humans. Zn biofortification of wheat by Zn foliar application has been recognized as an efficient tool to enhance grain Zn level. In Serbia, wheat is a staple crop, and no attention is paid to wheat grain as a source of Zn. For the first time, we investigated the effect of Zn foliar application on grain Zn concentration and yield of high-yielding local bread wheat cultivars in Serbia as potential to improve Zn intake in local population. Field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons at two sites located in Vojvodina Province. Zn was applied by spraying of 0.5% water solution of ZnSO4 at the end of flowering stage. Zn foliar application had no significant effect on grain yield. Significant increases of Zn grain concentration resulted from Zn treatment in all of five cultivars tested, ranging from 15 to 49%. No significant difference between the two sites was found in the mean increase in grain Zn concentration by Zn foliar application compared with the control. No correlation was found between grain yield and grain Zn concentration, implying that high grain yields common in intensive wheat production in Serbia do not limit Zn biofortification of grain by Zn foliar application. Zn biofortification of wheat grain by a single foliar spray at the end of the flowering stage can be recommended as an efficient tool to increase Zn intake in human population and prevent low dietary Zn intake.
In the past few years in Europe grass seed production declines. This tendency is especially prono... more In the past few years in Europe grass seed production declines. This tendency is especially pronounced in meadow fescue. Seed shedding and therefore yield losses are the problem in seed production. This can be reduced if seed of higher moisture contents is harvested. The impacts of drying temperatures of 70, 60, 50, 40 and 22°C on changes in dormancy and germination of seed harvested with moisture contents of 45, 35 and 25% were observed in the present study. The analysis was done immediately after seed drying, then three months later and eight months later. Seeds with the moisture content of 45% that were dried at 70°C were not dormant at all after harvest, but seeds were damaged, which resulted in reduced germination. Drying temperatures of 40°C and 50°C resulted in maximum germination of seed harvested with 45% moisture after three months. After eight months the best germination of all seeds was obtained at 22°C and 40°C. The seed ageing test confirmed faster deterioration of see...
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is often grown in sites with low rainfall and high temperature during... more Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is often grown in sites with low rainfall and high temperature during grain filling. Because spike architecture is one of basic footprints of barley domestication, the importance of spikes in adaptation to different environments or abiotic stresses can be hypothesised. In order to compare different barley spike types in terms of kernel growth and yield components, we tested 15 two-row and 10 six-row winter genotypes in eight environments where terminal drought was simulated by defoliation at 7 days after heading (7 DAH). Control plants were grown intact. On average, two-row genotypes outyielded six-row genotypes by 17% under control conditions and 33% under simulated late drought. Observations of kernel dry weights from 7 DAH through to harvest maturity at 5-day intervals were regressed onto a measure of thermal time. After preliminary evaluation of four nonlinear (S-shaped) models for kernel dry-weight accumulation, the ordinary logistic model was deemed...
Availability of immature embryos as explants to establish wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by tissue ... more Availability of immature embryos as explants to establish wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by tissue culture can be limited by climatic factors and the lack of high quality embryos frequently hampers experimentation. This study evaluates the effects of rainfall, various temperature-based variables and sunshine duration on tissue culture response (TCR) traits including callus formation (CF), regenerating calli (RC), and number of plants per embryo (PPE) for 96 wheat genotypes of worldwide origin. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the significance of a particular climatic factor on TCR traits and to determine the period of wheat growth during which these factors were the most effective. The genotypes were grown in an experimental field during three seasons differing in meteorological conditions. The relationships between TCR traits and climatic factors within three time periods of wheat growth: 2, 6 and 10 weeks prior to embryo sampling were analysed by biplot analysis. The ti...
The objectives of this work were to determine whether and at which seed physiological maturity st... more The objectives of this work were to determine whether and at which seed physiological maturity stage the diquat desiccant affects the tall oat-grass (Arrhenatherum elatius) seed quality and yield, as well as the proper storage period between harvest and sowing. Diquat desiccation was evaluated in applications during milk or dough seed maturation stages. Seeds conventionally produced and stored under traditional storage conditions were used for the analyses. Seed samples were drawn every 30th day after harvest (DAH). After the 240th DAH, samples were drawn every 90th day up the to 690th DAH. The highest yield were obtained by desiccation applied at the beginning of the seed dough stage, with a satisfactory seed quality. Both final germination and seedling growth parameters achieved their maximum values between 180th and 240th DAH. Oat-grass seeds preserved satisfactory level of final germination (75%) up to 420th DAH. The application of diquat desiccant at the beginning of seed dough...
Fifteen genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and fifteen genotypes of durum wheat (Tri... more Fifteen genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and fifteen genotypes of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were evaluated in the multi-environment trial during 2010-11. and 2011-12 vegetation seasons to investigate components of variance, heritability in a broad sense (h2), expected genetic advance (GA), and stability of phytic acid (PA), inorganic phosphorus (Pi), phytic phosphorus (Pp)/Pi relation, yellow pigment (YP), water soluble phenolics (WSPH) and free protein sulfhydryl groups (PSH) content. The field trials were carried out at three locations in Serbia, as randomized complete block design with four replications. The genetic component of variance (?2g) predominated the genotype ? environment interaction (?2ge) component for: Pi in bread wheat (3.0 times higher), Pp/Pi in bread wheat (2.1 times higher) and in durum wheat (1.2 times higher), YP content in bread wheat (2.2 times higher) and in durum wheat (1.7 times higher), and WSPH content in bread wheat (1.4 times ...
Barley grain is rich in mineral nutrients, but their bioavailability to humans depends on antinut... more Barley grain is rich in mineral nutrients, but their bioavailability to humans depends on antinutrients that restrain bioavailability and promoters that promote bioavailability. The aim of this study was to examine composition of barley grain, including phytate and phenolics as antinutrients, carotenoids and glutathione as promoters and mineral elements, such as Ca, Mg, Fe, Si, Zn and Mn influenced by various non-standard foliar fertilizers (Zircon, Chitosan, Siliplant, Propikonazole), including some hormonal growth-stimulators (Epin Extra, Benzyladenine), as potential biofortification measure. Chitosan increased glutathione concentration in grain. Unfavorable meteorological conditions were partly mitigated by application of Benzyladenine and Siliplant, reflected through increased potential bioavailability of P, Mg, Ca and Fe.
The research was aimed at examining variability, variance components, broadsense heritability (h2... more The research was aimed at examining variability, variance components, broadsense heritability (h2), expected genetic advance of thousand grain weight (TGW) and grain number per spike (GNS) of 15 genotypes of bread wheat and 15 genotypes of durum wheat. Field trials were carried out during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 growing seasons at the three sites: Rimski Sancevi, Zemun Polje and Padinska Skela. Results of this investigation showed that the genetic component of variance (?2 g) was predominant for TGW of bread and durum wheat and for GNS of bread wheat. The genotype ? environment interaction (?2 ge) component of phenotypic variance was 8.72 times higher than ?2 g for GNS of durum wheat and pointed to the greater instability of durum wheat genotypes. h2 was very high (>90%) for TGW and GNS of bread wheat, high for TGW of durum wheat - 87.3% and low for GNS of durum wheat - 39.5%. Considering the high values obtained for h2 - 96.4% and the highest value for expected genetic advance a...
After the kernel number per spike has been formed during the vegetative stage, grain weight depen... more After the kernel number per spike has been formed during the vegetative stage, grain weight depends on the rate and duration of grain filling. Drought and high temperatures during the grain filling stage frequently occurs in the majority of barley growing regions worldwide. To investigate impact of terminal drought stress on grain filling parameters and grain yield, 15 two- and 10 six-rowed barley genotypes were tested in two-year field trials, set in two locations with two treatments. One treatment was control (C), while in the other treatment (D) terminal drought was simulated by mechanical removal of all leaf blades 7 days after heading of each genotype. In average, defoliation caused reduction of yield (33%), grain filling rate (12%) and 1000-kernel weight (11%). In both treatments, grain yield and the absolute grain filling rate were higher in two-rowed barley genotypes than in six-rowed ones. In both treatments, the correlation was stronger between yield and grain filling dura...
Research article Different levels of humoral immunoreactivity to different wheat cultivars gliadi... more Research article Different levels of humoral immunoreactivity to different wheat cultivars gliadin are present in patients with celiac disease and in patients with multiple myeloma
5 Abstract: Enhanced dry matter remobilization from vegetative tissues under terminal drought con... more 5 Abstract: Enhanced dry matter remobilization from vegetative tissues under terminal drought contributes to wheat grain yield. Two-year field study was conducted with aim to determine the range of compensatory effect (CE) based on stem dry matter remobilization in defoliated (10 days after anthesis) and intact plants of 61 wheat (Triticum aestivum L) genotypes included three groups: 17 standard genotypes, 27 F4:5 families and 17 parent genotypes (only second season) used to make F4:5 families. Agronomical, morphological and anatomical traits which influence the CE were analysed. Over two seasons CE was affected by environmental conditions. On average across standards and F4:5 families CE was higher in the first season when mean stress intensity index of 0.145 (quantified as mild stress) was lower than 0.278 (quantified as moderate stress) obtained for the second season. Genotypes with higher number of spikelets and grains per spike, as well later flowering showed be yield loss comp...
Izvod: Potreba za oplemenjivanjem psenice na nizak sadraj fi tinske kiseline proistekla je iz nj... more Izvod: Potreba za oplemenjivanjem psenice na nizak sadraj fi tinske kiseline proistekla je iz njene uloge antinutritivnog faktora koji vezujuci mineralne elemente (Ca, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, kao i P) dovodi do njihovog nedovoljnog iskoriscavanja. Neiskorisceni fosfor u kompleksu sa fi tinskom kiselinom se preko lanca ishrane nepreivara (ivina, svinje, ribe) izlucuje u spoljasnju sredinu i uzrokuje zagađivanje vodenih ekosistema. Razvijene su brojne indirektne (spektrofotometrijske) i direktne (HPLC - High Performance Liquid Chromatography) metode za brzo i pouzdano utvrđivanje sadraja fi tinske kiseline u zrnu psenice. Brojna istraivanja u svetu su pokazala da se sadraj fi tinske kiseline krece od jedan do nekoliko procenata suve mase semena i 50% do 85% ukupnog fosfora u semenu. Utvrđena je znacajna geneticka varijabilnost sadraja fi tinske kiseline i fi tatnog fosfora u zrnu sorata i linija psenice u razlicitim uslovima spoljasnje sredine. Oplemenjivanjem je dobijen i mutant pseni...
Changes in climate are likely to have a negative impact on water availability and soil fertility ... more Changes in climate are likely to have a negative impact on water availability and soil fertility in many maize-growing agricultural areas. The development of high-throughput phenotyping platforms provides a new prospect for dissecting the dynamic complex plant traits such as abiotic stress tolerance into simple components. The growth phenotypes of 20 maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines were monitored in a non-invasive way under control, nitrogen, and water limitation as well as under combined nitrogen and water stress using an automated phenotyping system in greenhouse conditions. Thirteen biomass-related and morphophysiological traits were extracted from RGB images acquired at 33 time points covering developmental stages from leaf count 5 at the first imaging date to leaf count 10–13 at the final harvest. For these traits, genetic differences were identified and dynamic developmental trends during different maize growth stages were analyzed. The difference between control and water st...
In many regions worldwide, vetch is an important forage crops for the production of fibrous feed.... more In many regions worldwide, vetch is an important forage crops for the production of fibrous feed. Vetch seed available on the south-eastern Europe market often differ in the size, colour and age, hence seed quality and seedling vigour are questionable. Seed samples of two vetch varieties were drawn from three lots during two years. According to these samples, seeds were classified into groups of three sizes and three colours. The effect of the seed size and colour on seed quality and seedling vigour was estimated immediately after harvest, and then nine, 21 and 33 months after harvest. The determined effects of seed size, colour and age, as well as of their interactions on seed quality and seedling vigour were significant. On the other hand, years, varieties, lots and their interactions did not significantly affect seed quality and seedling vigour. There were no significant differences in seed quality and seedling vigour over nine-, 21and 33-month storage periods, but the ageing tes...
Wheat grain Zn concentration has important implications for Zn dietary intake in humans. Zn biofo... more Wheat grain Zn concentration has important implications for Zn dietary intake in humans. Zn biofortification of wheat by Zn foliar application has been recognized as an efficient tool to enhance grain Zn level. In Serbia, wheat is a staple crop, and no attention is paid to wheat grain as a source of Zn. For the first time, we investigated the effect of Zn foliar application on grain Zn concentration and yield of high-yielding local bread wheat cultivars in Serbia as potential to improve Zn intake in local population. Field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons at two sites located in Vojvodina Province. Zn was applied by spraying of 0.5% water solution of ZnSO4 at the end of flowering stage. Zn foliar application had no significant effect on grain yield. Significant increases of Zn grain concentration resulted from Zn treatment in all of five cultivars tested, ranging from 15 to 49%. No significant difference between the two sites was found in the mean increase in grain Zn concentration by Zn foliar application compared with the control. No correlation was found between grain yield and grain Zn concentration, implying that high grain yields common in intensive wheat production in Serbia do not limit Zn biofortification of grain by Zn foliar application. Zn biofortification of wheat grain by a single foliar spray at the end of the flowering stage can be recommended as an efficient tool to increase Zn intake in human population and prevent low dietary Zn intake.
In the past few years in Europe grass seed production declines. This tendency is especially prono... more In the past few years in Europe grass seed production declines. This tendency is especially pronounced in meadow fescue. Seed shedding and therefore yield losses are the problem in seed production. This can be reduced if seed of higher moisture contents is harvested. The impacts of drying temperatures of 70, 60, 50, 40 and 22°C on changes in dormancy and germination of seed harvested with moisture contents of 45, 35 and 25% were observed in the present study. The analysis was done immediately after seed drying, then three months later and eight months later. Seeds with the moisture content of 45% that were dried at 70°C were not dormant at all after harvest, but seeds were damaged, which resulted in reduced germination. Drying temperatures of 40°C and 50°C resulted in maximum germination of seed harvested with 45% moisture after three months. After eight months the best germination of all seeds was obtained at 22°C and 40°C. The seed ageing test confirmed faster deterioration of see...
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is often grown in sites with low rainfall and high temperature during... more Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is often grown in sites with low rainfall and high temperature during grain filling. Because spike architecture is one of basic footprints of barley domestication, the importance of spikes in adaptation to different environments or abiotic stresses can be hypothesised. In order to compare different barley spike types in terms of kernel growth and yield components, we tested 15 two-row and 10 six-row winter genotypes in eight environments where terminal drought was simulated by defoliation at 7 days after heading (7 DAH). Control plants were grown intact. On average, two-row genotypes outyielded six-row genotypes by 17% under control conditions and 33% under simulated late drought. Observations of kernel dry weights from 7 DAH through to harvest maturity at 5-day intervals were regressed onto a measure of thermal time. After preliminary evaluation of four nonlinear (S-shaped) models for kernel dry-weight accumulation, the ordinary logistic model was deemed...
Availability of immature embryos as explants to establish wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by tissue ... more Availability of immature embryos as explants to establish wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by tissue culture can be limited by climatic factors and the lack of high quality embryos frequently hampers experimentation. This study evaluates the effects of rainfall, various temperature-based variables and sunshine duration on tissue culture response (TCR) traits including callus formation (CF), regenerating calli (RC), and number of plants per embryo (PPE) for 96 wheat genotypes of worldwide origin. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the significance of a particular climatic factor on TCR traits and to determine the period of wheat growth during which these factors were the most effective. The genotypes were grown in an experimental field during three seasons differing in meteorological conditions. The relationships between TCR traits and climatic factors within three time periods of wheat growth: 2, 6 and 10 weeks prior to embryo sampling were analysed by biplot analysis. The ti...
The objectives of this work were to determine whether and at which seed physiological maturity st... more The objectives of this work were to determine whether and at which seed physiological maturity stage the diquat desiccant affects the tall oat-grass (Arrhenatherum elatius) seed quality and yield, as well as the proper storage period between harvest and sowing. Diquat desiccation was evaluated in applications during milk or dough seed maturation stages. Seeds conventionally produced and stored under traditional storage conditions were used for the analyses. Seed samples were drawn every 30th day after harvest (DAH). After the 240th DAH, samples were drawn every 90th day up the to 690th DAH. The highest yield were obtained by desiccation applied at the beginning of the seed dough stage, with a satisfactory seed quality. Both final germination and seedling growth parameters achieved their maximum values between 180th and 240th DAH. Oat-grass seeds preserved satisfactory level of final germination (75%) up to 420th DAH. The application of diquat desiccant at the beginning of seed dough...
Fifteen genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and fifteen genotypes of durum wheat (Tri... more Fifteen genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and fifteen genotypes of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were evaluated in the multi-environment trial during 2010-11. and 2011-12 vegetation seasons to investigate components of variance, heritability in a broad sense (h2), expected genetic advance (GA), and stability of phytic acid (PA), inorganic phosphorus (Pi), phytic phosphorus (Pp)/Pi relation, yellow pigment (YP), water soluble phenolics (WSPH) and free protein sulfhydryl groups (PSH) content. The field trials were carried out at three locations in Serbia, as randomized complete block design with four replications. The genetic component of variance (?2g) predominated the genotype ? environment interaction (?2ge) component for: Pi in bread wheat (3.0 times higher), Pp/Pi in bread wheat (2.1 times higher) and in durum wheat (1.2 times higher), YP content in bread wheat (2.2 times higher) and in durum wheat (1.7 times higher), and WSPH content in bread wheat (1.4 times ...
Barley grain is rich in mineral nutrients, but their bioavailability to humans depends on antinut... more Barley grain is rich in mineral nutrients, but their bioavailability to humans depends on antinutrients that restrain bioavailability and promoters that promote bioavailability. The aim of this study was to examine composition of barley grain, including phytate and phenolics as antinutrients, carotenoids and glutathione as promoters and mineral elements, such as Ca, Mg, Fe, Si, Zn and Mn influenced by various non-standard foliar fertilizers (Zircon, Chitosan, Siliplant, Propikonazole), including some hormonal growth-stimulators (Epin Extra, Benzyladenine), as potential biofortification measure. Chitosan increased glutathione concentration in grain. Unfavorable meteorological conditions were partly mitigated by application of Benzyladenine and Siliplant, reflected through increased potential bioavailability of P, Mg, Ca and Fe.
The research was aimed at examining variability, variance components, broadsense heritability (h2... more The research was aimed at examining variability, variance components, broadsense heritability (h2), expected genetic advance of thousand grain weight (TGW) and grain number per spike (GNS) of 15 genotypes of bread wheat and 15 genotypes of durum wheat. Field trials were carried out during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 growing seasons at the three sites: Rimski Sancevi, Zemun Polje and Padinska Skela. Results of this investigation showed that the genetic component of variance (?2 g) was predominant for TGW of bread and durum wheat and for GNS of bread wheat. The genotype ? environment interaction (?2 ge) component of phenotypic variance was 8.72 times higher than ?2 g for GNS of durum wheat and pointed to the greater instability of durum wheat genotypes. h2 was very high (>90%) for TGW and GNS of bread wheat, high for TGW of durum wheat - 87.3% and low for GNS of durum wheat - 39.5%. Considering the high values obtained for h2 - 96.4% and the highest value for expected genetic advance a...
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