Background: Tobacco use continues to be the leading global cause of preventable deaths, killing n... more Background: Tobacco use continues to be the leading global cause of preventable deaths, killing nearly 6 million people worldwide each year. Tobacco control must be given the high priority by scaling up tobacco control measures. In India under Control of Tobacco Product Act, it is mandatory to keep the warning labels over all kind of tobacco products in order to minimise the use of tobacco. Objectives: Review of the knowledge regarding warning labels printed on tobacco products among its users and to evaluate the impact of them on addicting behaviour. Methodology: A Cross Sectional study was carried out among the group of people using tobacco in any form. Total 776 tobacco users were enrolled in the study. Results: Mean age of tobacco user was 41.4 years. Out of total 776 tobacco users, 561 (72.3%) had ever noticed warning signals over the tobacco products. Among those who have noticed warning labels, 64.4 % became aware about health effects and 66% have thought to quit tobacco. Tobacco users of young age group (15-45) were more aware regarding warning labels. Females were less aware. As level of education increases number of tobacco users who tried to quit or reduced the daily quantity of tobacco intake were also increases. Conclusions: Positive impact of warning labels has been seen among the tobacco users who have noticed them. Not all the tobacco users were aware regarding the presence of warning labels as per the findings of present study.
Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Science, Oct 13, 2013
Death certification is a public health surveillance tool and is very important because morbidity ... more Death certification is a public health surveillance tool and is very important because morbidity and mortality statistics often come from death-certification data.The present study evaluated the filled in MCCD forms in one of the teaching hospitals of Ahmedabad. Aims: To improve the quality of Medical Certification of Cause of Death. Objectives: To evaluate the completeness and accuracy of Medical Certification of Cause of Death (MCCD). To recommend necessary corrective measures to improve completeness and accuracy of MCCD form. Methods and Material: An observational descriptive study of 3212 deaths which occurred in V S General Hospital, Ahmedabad during the period of 1stJanuary 2009 and 31stDecember 2009 was done. MCCD forms filled up by the doctors were studied and observations were made in the pre-designed proforma. Each case paper was reviewed carefully and personal observations were made for evaluation purpose. Data was entered in the Microsoft excel and SPSS software was used for analysis. Z test was used for a test of significance. Results: During the study period of one year 3,212 (7.7%) deaths took place. The completeness of variables such as immediate cause, antecedent cause and underlying cause were 99.8%, 97.7% and 98.4% respectively in MCCD forms. Accuracy of immediate, antecedent and underlying cause of death was 44%, 55% and 69.9%, respectively. Only 1.2% of the MCCD forms were fully accurate as per guidelines of Manual on MCCD, 2009. Conclusions: Overall accuracy in filling up of MCCD forms need to be improved. Regular training of all post graduate students on MCCD to clarify their doubts regarding filling up of forms.
Result: Mean age of diabetics and non-diabetics was 55.6 ± 12.1 years and 33.7 ± 21.9 years, resp... more Result: Mean age of diabetics and non-diabetics was 55.6 ± 12.1 years and 33.7 ± 21.9 years, respectively.UTI cases with positive urinary culture were 92% and 67% in diabetic and non-diabetic groups, respectively. Most common organism isolated among both the groups was E coli. In both groups E coli and Klebsiella had high antimicrobial sensitivity for Imipenam, Gentamycin and Nitrofurantoin. Among diabetics, the duration of diabetes, regularity of medication and type of treatment has significant effect on number of episodes of UTI in a year.
Indian Journal of Community Medicine : Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 2021
Background: Poor sleep quality harms the ability to think, lowers stress, and sustains a healthy ... more Background: Poor sleep quality harms the ability to think, lowers stress, and sustains a healthy immune system. The present study assessed sleep quality and its determinants in adult population using discriminant function analysis (DFA) in Ahmedabad city, Gujarat. Objectives: The objective of the study was (1) to assess the quality of sleep using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and (2) to determine various parameters affecting sleep quality using DFA. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the general adult population (18–60 years) residing at Ahmedabad city during July–December 2019. The interviewers conducted house-to-house visit among selected households for filling up the predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Results: Out of 600 participants, the mean age of participants was 37.8 ± 18.3 years. As per PSQI, overall sleep quality was poor among 31% of participants. Sleep quality was significantly associated with gender, education, occupatio...
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2021
Background: India is a country where population is rapidly growing, to slow down this growth rate... more Background: India is a country where population is rapidly growing, to slow down this growth rate family planning is necessary. Family planning services have the potential to improve the quality of the lives and economic welfare of people. Aim of the study was to assess prevalence of unmet need, knowledge, attitude regarding family planning methods and contraceptive practices, among study participants.Methods: A cross- sectional study was carried out among females of early reproductive age group 18-25 years, Group-1 and late reproductive age group 35-49 years, Group-2Results: Out of 200 women, majority respondents belonged to age group of 22-25 years (44.5%). Females of both age-groups had almost similar (54% and 53%) knowledge “partially correct” type for objectives of family planning and had similar positive attitude (78% and 85%) towards family planning practices. Total 45% of group 1 and 55% of other group females were currently using contraception. Most common method used by gr...
Overall improvement in the living standards of country's population is leading to... more Overall improvement in the living standards of country's population is leading to longer life expectancy. To emphasize the medical and psychological difficulties faced by geriatric people is essential to know status of their quality of life (QOL). A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out at urban field practice area of one of the teaching institutes of Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Considering the prevalence of about 7.5% of 60 years and above people sample size of 250 was calculated. A predesigned questionnaire related to the QOL of elderly people devised by the World Health Organization-QOL was used. Mean age of the study population was 65.8 years with standard deviation of 5 years. Almost two-thirds of geriatrics were currently married and having spouse alive. List of common morbidities observed among study population was joint pain (42.8%), cataract (32.8%), hypertension (22.4%), diabetes mellitus (17.2%), and dental problems (12.4%). Scoring of QOL profile revealed that none of the geriatric had poor QOL, whereas 56% fall into category "good" and 50.8% had "excellent" QOL. QOL as per four different domains was significantly better among males as compared to females. Physical, environmental, and psychological domains were better in those who were educated and married individuals living with their spouse. Overall QOL was good to excellent. Social characteristics, such as education, marital status, and gender, all play role for the perceived QOL among the respondents.
International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2013
Background: Designing health care policies and programmes requires knowledge about health care se... more Background: Designing health care policies and programmes requires knowledge about health care seeking behaviour, so that appropriate interventions can be implemented. Health care seeking behaviour is influenced by the individual self, diseases, and the availability and accessibility of health services. Dependent on these determinants health care seeking behaviour is a complex outcome of many factors operating at various levels. Aims & Objective: Present study aimed at exploring possible differences in health care seeking behavior in rural and urban Ahmedabad. Material and Methods: A Cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of one year (April 2011-March 2012) in urban and rural area of Ahmedabad district. Total 500 houses from each were surveyed using pre-designed and pre-tested proforma by house to house visits. Head of the family from each household was interviewed. Information regarding morbidity and health seeking behaviour was collected during household survey. Results: Maximum number of respondents belonged to age group 25-39 years in urban (49.8%) and rural (53.8%). Rural people preferred government and trust hospitals (51.1%) more as compared to urban (44.1%). Significant difference was observed in place for treatment of acute illness from faith healers. More rural people (29.2%) took treatment from faith healers than urban (22.8%). Majority of rural people (59.6%) took treatment for chronic illness from private practitioner than urban (51.4%). More urban people (57.4%) were using cash savings for treatment than rural people while borrowing and selling assets for treatment was more in rural people (57.4%) The result was statistically significant. Insurance coverage for illness was significantly low both in urban and rural area. Conclusion: Difference in health seeking behaviour was noticed among urban and rural communities. As far as treatment of chronic illnesses is concerned more infrastructure investments should be made to improve accessibility to government health care facilities, especially in rural areas. There is a need to make the rural people more aware regarding availability of various health insurance schemes.
INTRODUCTION: Rabies is 100% fatal yet 100% preventable with timely and appropriate Post Exposure... more INTRODUCTION: Rabies is 100% fatal yet 100% preventable with timely and appropriate Post Exposure treatment. However, not all bite victims seek treatment. Moreover, myths and practices amongst people prevent appropriate treatment. Potent cell culture ...
Conclusion: Correct breast feeding technique, proper position and attachment are very important t... more Conclusion: Correct breast feeding technique, proper position and attachment are very important to get all benefits of breast feeding. Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) has also given utmost importance to the correct breast feeding technique. To describe the socio-demographic profile and feeding practices among lactating mothers, to identify factors associated with good breast feeding (attachment) practices and to evaluate the impact of video demonstration on breast feeding practices immediately after and at one month follow up. An interventional study was conducted at urban slums of Ahmedabad city, India. Results from 150 lactating mothers were analysed. Interactive sessions in conjunction with video demonstrations of IMNCI regarding correct breast feeding techniques were conducted among 9 groups of lactating mothers. Number of lactating mothers in each group varied from 15 to 20. Good signs of attachment were measured pre IMNCI video sessions, immedia...
Background: Tobacco use continues to be the leading global cause of preventable deaths, killing n... more Background: Tobacco use continues to be the leading global cause of preventable deaths, killing nearly 6 million people worldwide each year. Tobacco control must be given the high priority by scaling up tobacco control measures. In India under Control of Tobacco Product Act, it is mandatory to keep the warning labels over all kind of tobacco products in order to minimise the use of tobacco. Objectives: Review of the knowledge regarding warning labels printed on tobacco products among its users and to evaluate the impact of them on addicting behaviour. Methodology: A Cross Sectional study was carried out among the group of people using tobacco in any form. Total 776 tobacco users were enrolled in the study. Results: Mean age of tobacco user was 41.4 years. Out of total 776 tobacco users, 561 (72.3%) had ever noticed warning signals over the tobacco products. Among those who have noticed warning labels, 64.4 % became aware about health effects and 66% have thought to quit tobacco. Tobacco users of young age group (15-45) were more aware regarding warning labels. Females were less aware. As level of education increases number of tobacco users who tried to quit or reduced the daily quantity of tobacco intake were also increases. Conclusions: Positive impact of warning labels has been seen among the tobacco users who have noticed them. Not all the tobacco users were aware regarding the presence of warning labels as per the findings of present study.
Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Science, Oct 13, 2013
Death certification is a public health surveillance tool and is very important because morbidity ... more Death certification is a public health surveillance tool and is very important because morbidity and mortality statistics often come from death-certification data.The present study evaluated the filled in MCCD forms in one of the teaching hospitals of Ahmedabad. Aims: To improve the quality of Medical Certification of Cause of Death. Objectives: To evaluate the completeness and accuracy of Medical Certification of Cause of Death (MCCD). To recommend necessary corrective measures to improve completeness and accuracy of MCCD form. Methods and Material: An observational descriptive study of 3212 deaths which occurred in V S General Hospital, Ahmedabad during the period of 1stJanuary 2009 and 31stDecember 2009 was done. MCCD forms filled up by the doctors were studied and observations were made in the pre-designed proforma. Each case paper was reviewed carefully and personal observations were made for evaluation purpose. Data was entered in the Microsoft excel and SPSS software was used for analysis. Z test was used for a test of significance. Results: During the study period of one year 3,212 (7.7%) deaths took place. The completeness of variables such as immediate cause, antecedent cause and underlying cause were 99.8%, 97.7% and 98.4% respectively in MCCD forms. Accuracy of immediate, antecedent and underlying cause of death was 44%, 55% and 69.9%, respectively. Only 1.2% of the MCCD forms were fully accurate as per guidelines of Manual on MCCD, 2009. Conclusions: Overall accuracy in filling up of MCCD forms need to be improved. Regular training of all post graduate students on MCCD to clarify their doubts regarding filling up of forms.
Result: Mean age of diabetics and non-diabetics was 55.6 ± 12.1 years and 33.7 ± 21.9 years, resp... more Result: Mean age of diabetics and non-diabetics was 55.6 ± 12.1 years and 33.7 ± 21.9 years, respectively.UTI cases with positive urinary culture were 92% and 67% in diabetic and non-diabetic groups, respectively. Most common organism isolated among both the groups was E coli. In both groups E coli and Klebsiella had high antimicrobial sensitivity for Imipenam, Gentamycin and Nitrofurantoin. Among diabetics, the duration of diabetes, regularity of medication and type of treatment has significant effect on number of episodes of UTI in a year.
Indian Journal of Community Medicine : Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 2021
Background: Poor sleep quality harms the ability to think, lowers stress, and sustains a healthy ... more Background: Poor sleep quality harms the ability to think, lowers stress, and sustains a healthy immune system. The present study assessed sleep quality and its determinants in adult population using discriminant function analysis (DFA) in Ahmedabad city, Gujarat. Objectives: The objective of the study was (1) to assess the quality of sleep using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and (2) to determine various parameters affecting sleep quality using DFA. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the general adult population (18–60 years) residing at Ahmedabad city during July–December 2019. The interviewers conducted house-to-house visit among selected households for filling up the predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Results: Out of 600 participants, the mean age of participants was 37.8 ± 18.3 years. As per PSQI, overall sleep quality was poor among 31% of participants. Sleep quality was significantly associated with gender, education, occupatio...
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2021
Background: India is a country where population is rapidly growing, to slow down this growth rate... more Background: India is a country where population is rapidly growing, to slow down this growth rate family planning is necessary. Family planning services have the potential to improve the quality of the lives and economic welfare of people. Aim of the study was to assess prevalence of unmet need, knowledge, attitude regarding family planning methods and contraceptive practices, among study participants.Methods: A cross- sectional study was carried out among females of early reproductive age group 18-25 years, Group-1 and late reproductive age group 35-49 years, Group-2Results: Out of 200 women, majority respondents belonged to age group of 22-25 years (44.5%). Females of both age-groups had almost similar (54% and 53%) knowledge “partially correct” type for objectives of family planning and had similar positive attitude (78% and 85%) towards family planning practices. Total 45% of group 1 and 55% of other group females were currently using contraception. Most common method used by gr...
Overall improvement in the living standards of country's population is leading to... more Overall improvement in the living standards of country's population is leading to longer life expectancy. To emphasize the medical and psychological difficulties faced by geriatric people is essential to know status of their quality of life (QOL). A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out at urban field practice area of one of the teaching institutes of Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Considering the prevalence of about 7.5% of 60 years and above people sample size of 250 was calculated. A predesigned questionnaire related to the QOL of elderly people devised by the World Health Organization-QOL was used. Mean age of the study population was 65.8 years with standard deviation of 5 years. Almost two-thirds of geriatrics were currently married and having spouse alive. List of common morbidities observed among study population was joint pain (42.8%), cataract (32.8%), hypertension (22.4%), diabetes mellitus (17.2%), and dental problems (12.4%). Scoring of QOL profile revealed that none of the geriatric had poor QOL, whereas 56% fall into category "good" and 50.8% had "excellent" QOL. QOL as per four different domains was significantly better among males as compared to females. Physical, environmental, and psychological domains were better in those who were educated and married individuals living with their spouse. Overall QOL was good to excellent. Social characteristics, such as education, marital status, and gender, all play role for the perceived QOL among the respondents.
International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2013
Background: Designing health care policies and programmes requires knowledge about health care se... more Background: Designing health care policies and programmes requires knowledge about health care seeking behaviour, so that appropriate interventions can be implemented. Health care seeking behaviour is influenced by the individual self, diseases, and the availability and accessibility of health services. Dependent on these determinants health care seeking behaviour is a complex outcome of many factors operating at various levels. Aims & Objective: Present study aimed at exploring possible differences in health care seeking behavior in rural and urban Ahmedabad. Material and Methods: A Cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of one year (April 2011-March 2012) in urban and rural area of Ahmedabad district. Total 500 houses from each were surveyed using pre-designed and pre-tested proforma by house to house visits. Head of the family from each household was interviewed. Information regarding morbidity and health seeking behaviour was collected during household survey. Results: Maximum number of respondents belonged to age group 25-39 years in urban (49.8%) and rural (53.8%). Rural people preferred government and trust hospitals (51.1%) more as compared to urban (44.1%). Significant difference was observed in place for treatment of acute illness from faith healers. More rural people (29.2%) took treatment from faith healers than urban (22.8%). Majority of rural people (59.6%) took treatment for chronic illness from private practitioner than urban (51.4%). More urban people (57.4%) were using cash savings for treatment than rural people while borrowing and selling assets for treatment was more in rural people (57.4%) The result was statistically significant. Insurance coverage for illness was significantly low both in urban and rural area. Conclusion: Difference in health seeking behaviour was noticed among urban and rural communities. As far as treatment of chronic illnesses is concerned more infrastructure investments should be made to improve accessibility to government health care facilities, especially in rural areas. There is a need to make the rural people more aware regarding availability of various health insurance schemes.
INTRODUCTION: Rabies is 100% fatal yet 100% preventable with timely and appropriate Post Exposure... more INTRODUCTION: Rabies is 100% fatal yet 100% preventable with timely and appropriate Post Exposure treatment. However, not all bite victims seek treatment. Moreover, myths and practices amongst people prevent appropriate treatment. Potent cell culture ...
Conclusion: Correct breast feeding technique, proper position and attachment are very important t... more Conclusion: Correct breast feeding technique, proper position and attachment are very important to get all benefits of breast feeding. Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) has also given utmost importance to the correct breast feeding technique. To describe the socio-demographic profile and feeding practices among lactating mothers, to identify factors associated with good breast feeding (attachment) practices and to evaluate the impact of video demonstration on breast feeding practices immediately after and at one month follow up. An interventional study was conducted at urban slums of Ahmedabad city, India. Results from 150 lactating mothers were analysed. Interactive sessions in conjunction with video demonstrations of IMNCI regarding correct breast feeding techniques were conducted among 9 groups of lactating mothers. Number of lactating mothers in each group varied from 15 to 20. Good signs of attachment were measured pre IMNCI video sessions, immedia...
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