An experimental insecticide Wofatox 50 EC, injected into the embryonated eggs from hens and pheas... more An experimental insecticide Wofatox 50 EC, injected into the embryonated eggs from hens and pheasants at 12th day of incubation, caused a significantly diminished body mass, a high incidence of developmental malformations and embryonic mortalities at higher dose-levels. The lower, in plant protection practice used concentration was no teratogenic or lethal on embryos.
Wofatox 50 EC is a widely used experimental insecticide, which can expose the pheasants (non-targ... more Wofatox 50 EC is a widely used experimental insecticide, which can expose the pheasants (non-target organisms) during the plant protection practice. The test material was employed in 4 different aqueous emulsions, of which the 2 lowest level (0.2 and 0.4%) corresponded to the concentrations used in plant protection. The total volume of injected emulsions was 0.1 ml per egg on the 12th d of incubation. The macroscopic results showed a dose-dependent maldevelopment (generally cervical lordosis and scoliosis, cyllosis and sporadic thoraco-gastroschisis).
Human myeloid leukemia KG-1 cells are induced to differentiate to macrophage-like cells by tumor-... more Human myeloid leukemia KG-1 cells are induced to differentiate to macrophage-like cells by tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Cells from the cloned subline, KG-1a, unlike the parental line, are resistant to the differentiating effect of TPA. In the present studies, we investigated in these cells protein phosphorylation stimulated by various protein kinase C activators, including 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol in the presence of the diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor R59022, TPA, mezerein, and bryostatin. All the agents stimulated, to a greater extent and with a higher potency, phosphorylation of several proteins in KG-1 cells than in KG-1a cells. On the other hand, these agents markedly stimulated phosphorylation of other proteins in KG-1a cells compared to that in KG-1 cells. The findings indicated that the actions of the diacylglycerol, 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol, and the non-metabolizable activators (TPA, mezerein, and bryostatin) were very similar but not fully equivalent; and that KG-1a cells exhibited altered (increased or decreased) phosphorylation patterns, perhaps related to the TPA resistance characteristic of this subline of cells.
The living state is low entropy, highly complex organization, yet it is part of the energy cycle ... more The living state is low entropy, highly complex organization, yet it is part of the energy cycle of the environment. Due to the recurring presence of the resting state, stimulus and its response form a thermodynamic cycle of perception that can be modeled by the Carnot engine. The endothermic reversed Carnot engine relies on energy from the environment to increase entropy (i.e., the synaptic complexity of the resting state). High entropy relies on mental energy, which represents intrinsic motivation and focuses on the future. It increases freedom of action. The Carnot engine can model exothermic, negative emotional states, which direct the focus on the past. The organism dumps entropy and energy to its environment, in the form of aggravation, anxiety, criticism, and physical violence. The loss of mental energy curtails freedom of action, forming apathy, depression, mental diseases, and immune problems. Our improving intuition about the brain’s intelligent computations will allow the development of new treatments for mental disease and novel find applications in robotics and artificial intelligence.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Feb 1, 1987
The tumor-promoting 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulated phosphorylation of seve... more The tumor-promoting 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulated phosphorylation of several proteins in block I (including protein Ia) and protein 3 in HL60 cells. The antileukemic agent alkyllysophospholipid (ALP) inhibited the TPA-stimulated phosphorylation of these proteins and the TPA-induced differentiation of the cells. In comparison, TPA only stimulated phosphorylation of protein 3 in K562 cells which, in contrast, were not induced to differentiate by TPA and lacked protein Ia and had a very high basal phosphorylation of protein B. ALP inhibited phosphorylation of protein 3 as well as protein B in K562 cells. The data suggest that the presence of distinct phosphoproteins and regulation of their phosphorylation may be related to the selective susceptibility of the two leukemia cell lines to the maturating effect of TPA and cytotoxicity of ALP.
An experimental insecticide Wofatox 50 EC, injected into the embryonated eggs from hens and pheas... more An experimental insecticide Wofatox 50 EC, injected into the embryonated eggs from hens and pheasants at 12th day of incubation, caused a significantly diminished body mass, a high incidence of developmental malformations and embryonic mortalities at higher dose-levels. The lower, in plant protection practice used concentration was no teratogenic or lethal on embryos.
Wofatox 50 EC is a widely used experimental insecticide, which can expose the pheasants (non-targ... more Wofatox 50 EC is a widely used experimental insecticide, which can expose the pheasants (non-target organisms) during the plant protection practice. The test material was employed in 4 different aqueous emulsions, of which the 2 lowest level (0.2 and 0.4%) corresponded to the concentrations used in plant protection. The total volume of injected emulsions was 0.1 ml per egg on the 12th d of incubation. The macroscopic results showed a dose-dependent maldevelopment (generally cervical lordosis and scoliosis, cyllosis and sporadic thoraco-gastroschisis).
Human myeloid leukemia KG-1 cells are induced to differentiate to macrophage-like cells by tumor-... more Human myeloid leukemia KG-1 cells are induced to differentiate to macrophage-like cells by tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Cells from the cloned subline, KG-1a, unlike the parental line, are resistant to the differentiating effect of TPA. In the present studies, we investigated in these cells protein phosphorylation stimulated by various protein kinase C activators, including 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol in the presence of the diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor R59022, TPA, mezerein, and bryostatin. All the agents stimulated, to a greater extent and with a higher potency, phosphorylation of several proteins in KG-1 cells than in KG-1a cells. On the other hand, these agents markedly stimulated phosphorylation of other proteins in KG-1a cells compared to that in KG-1 cells. The findings indicated that the actions of the diacylglycerol, 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol, and the non-metabolizable activators (TPA, mezerein, and bryostatin) were very similar but not fully equivalent; and that KG-1a cells exhibited altered (increased or decreased) phosphorylation patterns, perhaps related to the TPA resistance characteristic of this subline of cells.
The living state is low entropy, highly complex organization, yet it is part of the energy cycle ... more The living state is low entropy, highly complex organization, yet it is part of the energy cycle of the environment. Due to the recurring presence of the resting state, stimulus and its response form a thermodynamic cycle of perception that can be modeled by the Carnot engine. The endothermic reversed Carnot engine relies on energy from the environment to increase entropy (i.e., the synaptic complexity of the resting state). High entropy relies on mental energy, which represents intrinsic motivation and focuses on the future. It increases freedom of action. The Carnot engine can model exothermic, negative emotional states, which direct the focus on the past. The organism dumps entropy and energy to its environment, in the form of aggravation, anxiety, criticism, and physical violence. The loss of mental energy curtails freedom of action, forming apathy, depression, mental diseases, and immune problems. Our improving intuition about the brain’s intelligent computations will allow the development of new treatments for mental disease and novel find applications in robotics and artificial intelligence.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Feb 1, 1987
The tumor-promoting 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulated phosphorylation of seve... more The tumor-promoting 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulated phosphorylation of several proteins in block I (including protein Ia) and protein 3 in HL60 cells. The antileukemic agent alkyllysophospholipid (ALP) inhibited the TPA-stimulated phosphorylation of these proteins and the TPA-induced differentiation of the cells. In comparison, TPA only stimulated phosphorylation of protein 3 in K562 cells which, in contrast, were not induced to differentiate by TPA and lacked protein Ia and had a very high basal phosphorylation of protein B. ALP inhibited phosphorylation of protein 3 as well as protein B in K562 cells. The data suggest that the presence of distinct phosphoproteins and regulation of their phosphorylation may be related to the selective susceptibility of the two leukemia cell lines to the maturating effect of TPA and cytotoxicity of ALP.
Darwin has laid down the basic understanding of evolution, but over one hundred fifty years of it... more Darwin has laid down the basic understanding of evolution, but over one hundred fifty years of its existence, it has been impossible to establish its physical theoretical foundations. The thermodynamic understanding of evolution should explain how the sun's energy input brings forth the increasing complexity of the living world. We create a thought experiment in an ideal evolutionary period, with periodic and characteristic changes in entropy, food supply, and species number. At the start of the period, the residual biomass from the previous period supports the sparsely populated, low entropy ecosystem. Cooperating species quickly fill their living space. The second phase's predator-prey and nutrient cycles decrease entropy. In phase three, increasing competition for resources spreads genetic innovations. In phase four, some outside event, such as a natural disaster, triggers extinction and completes the cycle. The Carnot cycle might explain biological systems' ability to transform the sun's energy into complexity. Definitions used in the text Social or emotional temperature: Emotional temperature is the social equivalent of temperature in physics. As particle collisions form temperature, the frequency of interaction forms social temperature (Deli, 2020; Roos, 2014). The cooperation reflects the order and generosity of low social temperature (Tkadlec et al., 2020). After a tipping point is reached, competition for resources replaces cooperation and creates interaction (Stewart and Plotkin, 2013). Arbitrary and deterministic action (interaction) form a high social temperature. Social interaction In the ecosystem, supply abundance inspires cooperation and generosity, advantageous for all participants. However, lack of resources spurs interaction, such as competition, forming a hierarchical outcome. Interaction often forms stochastic patterns, similar to Brownian motion.
We create a model universe by supplanting a topological surface with an ancillary clock of compac... more We create a model universe by supplanting a topological surface with an ancillary clock of compact-dimensions. If an information blocking horizon insulates the compact dimensions (i.e., extra dimensions beyond the 4 observable dimensions are wrapped up or curled up on themselves as in Calabi-Yau spaces), then it can form entanglement independent of distance. Page and Wootters' mechanism predicts that quantum entanglement leaves a closed system static. Interaction between the system and its clock changes the topology of the first and the quantum state (frequency) of the second. Local differences in topology (volume) satisfy Borsuk-Ulam Theorem and Page and Wootters' mechanism. The global state of the universe degenerates inot poles, two-dimensional black hole horizons, and four-dimensional cosmic voids. The dimensional anisotropy turns gravity into a bipolar force. The proposed postulate can produce the accelerating expansion of the cosmos without dark energy or dark matter. The verifiable and elegant hypothesis supersedes general relativity by satisfying Mach's principle.
The connection between the mind and brain has remained a puzzle for most of human history. Ideali... more The connection between the mind and brain has remained a puzzle for most of human history. Idealism, represented by Kant, Hegel asserts the primacy of consciousness, whereas materialists, such as Dennett, and Churchland considers the mind an illusion produced by brain circuits and mechanisms [1]. Incongruences between the mind and the brain inspired dualism, a separation of physical and mental states, represented by Descartes, Popper, Eccles, Chalmers et al. The psyche was not subject to a scientific investigation until recent scholarly work on the physics of the mind [2-4]. In emotional animals, a brain-based self-regulating system produces motivation. A temporal projection of sensory experience integrates the organism's past, present, and future into an abstract mental manifold [5-7]. The brain's self-regulation sustains a ground energy state, the so-called resting-state networks (RSNs) [8]. The most widely studied RSNs, the default mode network (DMN), exhibits increased activity in the absence of external stimuli [9]. Information integration in its dense connectivity hubs, which are situated at a substantial topologic distance from primary sensory and motor regions [10], formulates an abstract representational hierarchy [11]. Neuronal activation is built on the resting potential and the brain's evoked states are founded on the resting state. The recurring activation cycle in both systems are governed by thermodynamic principles [6,12). The reversed Carnot cycle can model the neuron. However, in the brain, a stimulus can evoke either the reversed Carnot or the Carnot cycle [13]. The first process controls the future and enhances intellect and future freedom of action whereas the second one reconstructs the past [14]. Emotional states are related to the brain's energy level. Because the resting states maintain the constancy of the self while representing the energy potential of the mind, cognitive and physical effort is associated with different cost functions [15]. Publications by respected laboratories show that lower entropy (Carnot cycle) correlates with reduction of mental energy. The detectable changes in entropy might serve as a diagnostic tool before the occurrence of functional and anatomical changes in Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, mental disorders, and immune problems. Establishing the energy nature of emotional states can inspire progress in neurology, psychiatry, psychology, and social sciences. Experimental verification of its predictions also becomes possible. Greater understanding of the thermodynamic processes of brain's intelligent computational power will allow the development of novel techniques and applications in the rapidly changing fields of AI and robotics. References 1. Schwartz JM, Stapp HP, Beauregard M. Quantum physics in neuroscience and psychology: a neurophysical model of mind-brain interaction.
Dividing the universe into micro and macro-dimensions by an information-blocking horizon creates ... more Dividing the universe into micro and macro-dimensions by an information-blocking horizon creates standing-wave particle vibrations. Antipodal points that form entanglement satisfy the principle of static time and the Borsuk Ulam theorem. Interaction collapses the wave function allowing energy/information exchange between the wave function and the macro-dimensions. Thus, the wave function and the field curvature evolve together. The principle of least action requires particles forming opposite spins, which correlates with the Pauli exclusion principle. Spin-down forms pressure by reducing macro-dimensional volume, whereas spin-up enhances macro-dimensional volume and expands space. Over large scales interaction engenders Polar Regions. This intuitive modification of general relativity eliminates discrepancies with quantum mechanics and correlates well with the latest cosmological data. This stable and unified alignment of the universe satisfies Mach's principle.
Neuroscience has made significant progress in understanding the brain, but the nature of consciou... more Neuroscience has made significant progress in understanding the brain, but the nature of consciousness remains elusive. At the same time, recent spectacular advancements in artificial intelligence promise the prospect of machines attaining human-like cognitive abilities. At the center of both systems is a fundamental dance of stimuli and response, requiring a profound comprehension of the physical environment. Thus, quantum mechanics and general relativity can be applied to the mysteries of human behavior, such as the difficulty of predicting, controlling, or retracing our thoughts. This landmark book explores the nature of consciousness through the lens of physics rather than neuroscience.
Physics has been an explanatory force in diverse phenomena, and it can offer an entirely new vision of consciousness as an irreducible entity, similar to particles, the fundamental units of energy or matter. The fermionic mind hypothesis emerges as a tour-de-force synthesis and framework for understanding consciousness, reimagined as the elemental unit of intellect. It highlights particle organization, a fundamental structure that cannot be understood as the sum of its parts, as the essential analogy between fermions and consciousness.
The book presents an engaging scientific narrative that explores some of humanity's oldest and most challenging questions. What is consciousness? What are emotions? How can a physical brain create subjective experience? Do we have free will? Engaging and penetrating, Emotional Reasoning represents a groundbreaking perspective that will surprise you at every turn. It will enhance your confidence through understanding yourself and your place in the cosmic order. Beyond neuroscience, the book holds profound implications for artificial intelligence research. It reveals the intricate link between consciousness and the physical universe, echoing the philosophical insight of theoretical physicist John Wheeler: "The physical world is, in some deep sense, tied to the human being."
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Physics has been an explanatory force in diverse phenomena, and it can offer an entirely new vision of consciousness as an irreducible entity, similar to particles, the fundamental units of energy or matter. The fermionic mind hypothesis emerges as a tour-de-force synthesis and framework for understanding consciousness, reimagined as the elemental unit of intellect. It highlights particle organization, a fundamental structure that cannot be understood as the sum of its parts, as the essential analogy between fermions and consciousness.
The book presents an engaging scientific narrative that explores some of humanity's oldest and most challenging questions. What is consciousness? What are emotions? How can a physical brain create subjective experience? Do we have free will? Engaging and penetrating, Emotional Reasoning represents a groundbreaking perspective that will surprise you at every turn. It will enhance your confidence through understanding yourself and your place in the cosmic order. Beyond neuroscience, the book holds profound implications for artificial intelligence research. It reveals the intricate link between consciousness and the physical universe, echoing the philosophical insight of theoretical physicist John Wheeler: "The physical world is, in some deep sense, tied to the human being."