An experiment was conducted to study the benefits of dietary supplementation of moringa (Moringa ... more An experiment was conducted to study the benefits of dietary supplementation of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal (MLM) and pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel meal (PPM) on the performance, carcass attributes, immune and antioxidant responses in commercial broiler chickens during 1–42 days of age. In total, 450 Cobb-400 broiler male chicks raised in wire-floor stainless-steel battery brooder pens in an open-side poultry house were divided into five experimental groups with 18 replicates of five chicks each and fed a standard control diet (CD) and the test diets supplemented with MLM (500 and 1000 mg/kg) or PPM (250 and 500 mg/kg), each at two different concentrations. Bodyweight gain, feed conversion efficiency and carcass attributes were not affected (P > 0.05). The cell-mediated immune response to phytohaemagglutinin phosphate was not influenced (P > 0.05), but the antibody titre against Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine was significantly (P < 0.05) improved by supplement...
An experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplementing sprouts of pulses on performanc... more An experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplementing sprouts of pulses on performance, carcass variables, immune responses, and anti-oxidant variables in broiler chicken (day 1 to 6 weeks of age) reared during summer season in tropical region. Sprouts of black gram (BG, Vigna mungo), green gram (GG, Vigna radiata), and wild gram (WG, Vigna trilobata) were produced by soaking the pulses in water for 16 h and incubating at 37 °C for 24 h. Total phenolic content in sprouts of WG, BG, and GG was 102, 96.1, and 79.2 mg GAE/g, respectively, while the anti-radical activity in the sprouts was 61, 58, and 52%, respectively. A total of 200-day-old broiler male chicks were equally and randomly distributed in to 4 groups, each having 10 replicates of 5 chicks and housed in battery brooders in open-sided poultry house. Each of these groups was fed sprouts of BG, GG, or WG at 5% of feed intake, while the control group without feeding sprouts was kept for comparison. The trial was con...
Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of supplementing organic forms of zinc (Zn), s... more Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of supplementing organic forms of zinc (Zn), selenium (Se) and chromium (Cr) on performance, anti-oxidant activities and immune responses in broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age, which were reared in cyclic heat-stressed condition under tropical summer in open-sided poultry house. A total of 200 (experiment I) and 450-day-old (experiment II) broiler male chicks (Cobb 400) were randomly distributed in stainless steel battery brooders (610 mm × 762 mm × 475 mm) at the rate of five birds per pen. A maize-soybean meal-based control diet (CD) containing recommended (Vencobb 400, Broiler Management Guide) concentrations of inorganic trace minerals and other nutrients was prepared. The CD was supplemented individually with organic form of selenium (Se, 0.30 mg/kg), chromium (Cr, 2 mg/kg) and zinc (Zn, 40 mg/kg) in experiment I. In experiment II, two concentrations of each Zn (20 and 40 mg/kg), Se (0.15 and 0.30 mg/kg) and Cr (1 and 2 mg/kg) were supplemented to the basal diet in 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. A group without supplementing inorganic trace minerals was maintained as control group in both experiments. Each diet was allotted randomly to ten replicates in both experiments and fed ad libitum from 1 to 21 days of age. At 19th day of age, blood samples were collected for estimation of anti-oxidant and immune responses. Supplementation of Se, Cr and Zn increased (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) body mass gain (BMG) and feed intake compared to those fed the CD in experiment I. The feed efficiency (FE) in Cr-fed group was higher (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) compared to the CD-fed group. Se or Cr supplementation reduced lipid peroxidation (LP) compared to broilers fed the CD. In experiment II, BMG was not affected (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.05) by the interaction between levels of Zn, Se and Cr in broiler diet. The FE improved (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) with supplementation of the trace minerals tested at both concentrations except in group fed 40 mg Zn, 0.5 mg Se and 1 mg Cr/kg. Reduction in lipid peroxidation (LP, P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) and increased (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) activity of superoxide dismutase were observed in broiler fed organic Zn, Se and Cr compared to the CD-fed group. The dietary concentrations of Zn, Se and Cr did not influence (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.05) the immune responses (Newcastle disease titre and cell-mediated immune response to phytohaemagglutinin-P) in both the experiments. Based on the results, it is concluded that supplementation of organic form of Se, Cr and Zn (0.30, 2 and 40 mg/kg, respectively) either alone or in combination significantly improved performance and anti-oxidant responses (reduced LP and increased superoxide dismutase) in commercial broiler chicks (21 days of age) reared in cyclic heat stress conditions in open-sided poultry house during summer.
1. Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of including toasted (120°C/35 min) guar me... more 1. Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of including toasted (120°C/35 min) guar meal (GM, Gyamopsis tetragonoloba) in the diet on performance and egg shell quality of White Leghorn layers. 2. Totals of 2376 and 2816 layer chickens (Babcock, BV 300) were randomly distributed into 27 and 32 replicates with 88 birds each in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Three diets in Experiment 1 (0, 50 and 100 g GM) and 4 diets in Experiment 2 (0, 50, 100 and 150 g GM/kg) were prepared having similar concentrations of energy and protein. Each diet was fed ad libitum to 9 and 8 replicates, respectively in Experiments 1 (from 53 to 68 weeks) and 2 (35 to 46 weeks of age). 3. Compared to soybean meal (SBM) GM contained similar concentrations of protein, but was deficient in all essential amino acids except arginine, which was 70% higher than in SBM. Total NSP content in GM (166 g/kg) was lower than that of SBM (179 g/kg). Amongst different NSP fractions, GM contained higher levels of...
The objective was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of organic zinc and selenium in breed... more The objective was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of organic zinc and selenium in breeder male diet on semen quality and fertility parameters. Thirty Dahlem Red males, 29 weeks old, were equally distributed into three treatment groups and supplemented with organic zinc (zinc proteinate) and organic selenium (yeast source) - group 1 (0 Zn / 0 Se), group 2 (100 mg/kg Zn / 0.15 mg/ kg Se), group 3 (100 mg/kg Zn / 0.35 mg/kg Se) for 8 weeks. Dietary supplementation of 100 mg/kg Zn / 0.35 mg/kg Se combination significantly (P < 0.05) improved the MTT dye reduction value and percent live sperm. However, the percent fertility was significantly improved in both the treatment groups supplemented with zinc and selenium. The hatchability was not affected by mineral supplementation. In conclusion, supplementation of organic zinc and selenium improved the semen quality and fertility in layer breeders.
The present experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary replacement of normal maize (... more The present experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary replacement of normal maize (NM) with quality protein maize (QPM) and hybrid maize Nityashree (HMN) on performance, serum biochemical profile and humoral immune response of White Leghorn female chicks during 0 to 8 weeks of age. A control (D-1) diet based on maize-soybean meal-deoiled rice bran was formulated. Two more test diets were prepared by completely substituting NM with either QPM (D-2) or HMN (D-3). Diet 4 was same as control diet, but supplemented with synthetic lysine to meet the requirement. Each diet was fed ad lib to 10 replicates of 5 chicks each during the entire experimental duration of eight weeks. Dietary substitution of NM with either HMN or QPM did not have any effect on body weight gain and feed consumption. However, feed conversion ratio was significantly (P<0.01) improved by substituting NM by either QPM or supplementing Lys to NM based diet. The FCR was intermediate in HMN diet. None of the serum biochemical parameters (concentrations of P, triglycerides, cholesterol and HDL cholesterol) except concentrations of protein and Ca were influenced by the dietary substitution of NM with QPM. The protein and Ca concentration in serum increased significantly (P<0.05) by substituting NM by QPM. However, both the above parameters were intermediate in HMN and NM+Lys supplemented diet. The humoral immune response as measured by antibody titre to SRBC inoculation was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the QPM based and NM + Lys supplemented diets compared to NM or HMN dietary group. It was concluded that nutritional value of QPM is superior to NM and HMN and feeding value of HMN is similar to NM in WL chick diet.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of multi-carbohydrase enzymes (xylanase, g... more The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of multi-carbohydrase enzymes (xylanase, glucanase, cellulase and mannanase) supplementation in maize-soybean meal based diet on the performance of broiler chickens. Control starter (0-3 wk) and finisher (4-6 wk) diet based on maize-soybean meal was formulated to meet respective nutrient requirement. Another low energy diet was formulated in which the AME value was lowered by 100 kcal/kg. Three other experimental diets were formulated by adding 1x (low), 2x (medium) and 3x (high) concentration of enzymes per kg to the low energy diet. The content of enzymes in 1x concentration per kg diet was xylanase–3250 U, glucanase–1200 U, cellulase–900 U and mannanase 4000 U. Each diet was fed at random to 10 replicates of 6 chicks each throughout the experimental period. Supplementation of enzymes at the lowest concentration to the low energy diet resulted in higher weight gain at 3 wks, improved feed conversion ratio at both 3 and 6 weeks of age, and higher retention of nitrogen and energy and the values were similar to control group. No difference on performance could be noticed due to variation in the dose of enzymes indicating that lowest concentration of enzymes employed was adequate in eliciting the desired response. The carcass characteristics did not vary significantly amongst the dietary groups except the abdominal fat content. The abdominal fat content was significantly lower in the birds fed the low energy diet compared to either control or enzyme supplemented diets. Thus, it is concluded that AME can be reduced by 100kcal/kg in maize-soybean meal based diet by supplementing carbohydrase enzyme.
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of substitution of normal maize (NM) with qua... more An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of substitution of normal maize (NM) with quality protein maize (QPM) on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A control broiler diet based on maizesoybean meal was prepared to meet all the nutrients requirement except lysine. Another diet was prepared by substituting NM with QPM at 100% level. The third diet was similar to control but supplemented with synthetic lysine to meet the requirement as per standard. Each diet was fed at random to 10 replicates of six chicks each throughout the experimental period. The lowest body weight gain and poor feed conversion ratio was observed in the control diet containing NM both at 3 and 6 weeks of age. Dietary substitution of QPM with NM or supplementing lysine to NM diet significantly (P<0.05) increased the body weight gain and improved the feed conversion ratio. The retention of protein and Ca also significantly (P<0.05) increased by replacing NM with QPM compared to NM based diet. The concentrations of protein and Ca were significantly higher in the QPM and lysine supplemented group compared to NM diet. Dietary replacement of NM with QPM or supplemental lysine to the NM diet had no influence on dressed meat yield and giblet weight. However, the abdominal fat content decreased and breast meat yield increased by either substitution of NM with QPM or supplementing lysine to NM diet. It is concluded that the nutritional value of QPM is higher than NM and dietary substitution of NM by QPM needs no extra lysine supplementation in broiler strain of moderate growth for eliciting optimum performance.
Three experiments were conducted to determine the apparent metabolisable energy, apparent digesti... more Three experiments were conducted to determine the apparent metabolisable energy, apparent digestible amino acid values, and utilisation of three maize varities in chickens: quality protein maize (QPM), hybrid maize Nityashree (HMN) and normal maize (NM). There was no significant difference in the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) content amongst the three varieties of maize. Lysine and threonine digestibilities were significantly higher in QPM compared to either HMN or NM. No difference in the digestibilities of other amino acids occurred among the three different maize varieties. There was no difference between diets containing NM or HMN for body weight gain (21 and 40 d of age) and overall feed conversion ratio (0-40 d), but values were significantly higher for QPM (and Lys-supplemented NM) diets. The relative weights of dressed meat yield and giblets were unaffected by dietary replacement of NM with QPM, HMN, or Lys supplementation of the NM diet. However, abdominal fat content decreased and breast meat yield increased with both dietary replacement of NM with QPM and Lys supplementation of the NM diet. The concentration of protein in serum was significantly increased by dietary replacement of NM with QPM. Adding Lys to the NM based diet significantly increased the Ca concentration in serum compared with NM or HMN diets. However, the highest concentration of Ca in serum was found in the QPM diet. The concentration of total cholesterol in serum significantly decreased by either replacing NM with QPM or adding Lys to the NM based diet, compared with the NM diet. These results suggested that the feeding value of quality protein maize was superior to normal maize, while the feeding value of hybrid maize Nityashree was similar to that of normal maize.
An experiment was conducted to study the benefits of dietary supplementation of moringa (Moringa ... more An experiment was conducted to study the benefits of dietary supplementation of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal (MLM) and pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel meal (PPM) on the performance, carcass attributes, immune and antioxidant responses in commercial broiler chickens during 1–42 days of age. In total, 450 Cobb-400 broiler male chicks raised in wire-floor stainless-steel battery brooder pens in an open-side poultry house were divided into five experimental groups with 18 replicates of five chicks each and fed a standard control diet (CD) and the test diets supplemented with MLM (500 and 1000 mg/kg) or PPM (250 and 500 mg/kg), each at two different concentrations. Bodyweight gain, feed conversion efficiency and carcass attributes were not affected (P > 0.05). The cell-mediated immune response to phytohaemagglutinin phosphate was not influenced (P > 0.05), but the antibody titre against Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine was significantly (P < 0.05) improved by supplement...
An experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplementing sprouts of pulses on performanc... more An experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplementing sprouts of pulses on performance, carcass variables, immune responses, and anti-oxidant variables in broiler chicken (day 1 to 6 weeks of age) reared during summer season in tropical region. Sprouts of black gram (BG, Vigna mungo), green gram (GG, Vigna radiata), and wild gram (WG, Vigna trilobata) were produced by soaking the pulses in water for 16 h and incubating at 37 °C for 24 h. Total phenolic content in sprouts of WG, BG, and GG was 102, 96.1, and 79.2 mg GAE/g, respectively, while the anti-radical activity in the sprouts was 61, 58, and 52%, respectively. A total of 200-day-old broiler male chicks were equally and randomly distributed in to 4 groups, each having 10 replicates of 5 chicks and housed in battery brooders in open-sided poultry house. Each of these groups was fed sprouts of BG, GG, or WG at 5% of feed intake, while the control group without feeding sprouts was kept for comparison. The trial was con...
Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of supplementing organic forms of zinc (Zn), s... more Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of supplementing organic forms of zinc (Zn), selenium (Se) and chromium (Cr) on performance, anti-oxidant activities and immune responses in broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age, which were reared in cyclic heat-stressed condition under tropical summer in open-sided poultry house. A total of 200 (experiment I) and 450-day-old (experiment II) broiler male chicks (Cobb 400) were randomly distributed in stainless steel battery brooders (610 mm × 762 mm × 475 mm) at the rate of five birds per pen. A maize-soybean meal-based control diet (CD) containing recommended (Vencobb 400, Broiler Management Guide) concentrations of inorganic trace minerals and other nutrients was prepared. The CD was supplemented individually with organic form of selenium (Se, 0.30 mg/kg), chromium (Cr, 2 mg/kg) and zinc (Zn, 40 mg/kg) in experiment I. In experiment II, two concentrations of each Zn (20 and 40 mg/kg), Se (0.15 and 0.30 mg/kg) and Cr (1 and 2 mg/kg) were supplemented to the basal diet in 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. A group without supplementing inorganic trace minerals was maintained as control group in both experiments. Each diet was allotted randomly to ten replicates in both experiments and fed ad libitum from 1 to 21 days of age. At 19th day of age, blood samples were collected for estimation of anti-oxidant and immune responses. Supplementation of Se, Cr and Zn increased (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) body mass gain (BMG) and feed intake compared to those fed the CD in experiment I. The feed efficiency (FE) in Cr-fed group was higher (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) compared to the CD-fed group. Se or Cr supplementation reduced lipid peroxidation (LP) compared to broilers fed the CD. In experiment II, BMG was not affected (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.05) by the interaction between levels of Zn, Se and Cr in broiler diet. The FE improved (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) with supplementation of the trace minerals tested at both concentrations except in group fed 40 mg Zn, 0.5 mg Se and 1 mg Cr/kg. Reduction in lipid peroxidation (LP, P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) and increased (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) activity of superoxide dismutase were observed in broiler fed organic Zn, Se and Cr compared to the CD-fed group. The dietary concentrations of Zn, Se and Cr did not influence (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.05) the immune responses (Newcastle disease titre and cell-mediated immune response to phytohaemagglutinin-P) in both the experiments. Based on the results, it is concluded that supplementation of organic form of Se, Cr and Zn (0.30, 2 and 40 mg/kg, respectively) either alone or in combination significantly improved performance and anti-oxidant responses (reduced LP and increased superoxide dismutase) in commercial broiler chicks (21 days of age) reared in cyclic heat stress conditions in open-sided poultry house during summer.
1. Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of including toasted (120°C/35 min) guar me... more 1. Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of including toasted (120°C/35 min) guar meal (GM, Gyamopsis tetragonoloba) in the diet on performance and egg shell quality of White Leghorn layers. 2. Totals of 2376 and 2816 layer chickens (Babcock, BV 300) were randomly distributed into 27 and 32 replicates with 88 birds each in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Three diets in Experiment 1 (0, 50 and 100 g GM) and 4 diets in Experiment 2 (0, 50, 100 and 150 g GM/kg) were prepared having similar concentrations of energy and protein. Each diet was fed ad libitum to 9 and 8 replicates, respectively in Experiments 1 (from 53 to 68 weeks) and 2 (35 to 46 weeks of age). 3. Compared to soybean meal (SBM) GM contained similar concentrations of protein, but was deficient in all essential amino acids except arginine, which was 70% higher than in SBM. Total NSP content in GM (166 g/kg) was lower than that of SBM (179 g/kg). Amongst different NSP fractions, GM contained higher levels of...
The objective was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of organic zinc and selenium in breed... more The objective was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of organic zinc and selenium in breeder male diet on semen quality and fertility parameters. Thirty Dahlem Red males, 29 weeks old, were equally distributed into three treatment groups and supplemented with organic zinc (zinc proteinate) and organic selenium (yeast source) - group 1 (0 Zn / 0 Se), group 2 (100 mg/kg Zn / 0.15 mg/ kg Se), group 3 (100 mg/kg Zn / 0.35 mg/kg Se) for 8 weeks. Dietary supplementation of 100 mg/kg Zn / 0.35 mg/kg Se combination significantly (P < 0.05) improved the MTT dye reduction value and percent live sperm. However, the percent fertility was significantly improved in both the treatment groups supplemented with zinc and selenium. The hatchability was not affected by mineral supplementation. In conclusion, supplementation of organic zinc and selenium improved the semen quality and fertility in layer breeders.
The present experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary replacement of normal maize (... more The present experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary replacement of normal maize (NM) with quality protein maize (QPM) and hybrid maize Nityashree (HMN) on performance, serum biochemical profile and humoral immune response of White Leghorn female chicks during 0 to 8 weeks of age. A control (D-1) diet based on maize-soybean meal-deoiled rice bran was formulated. Two more test diets were prepared by completely substituting NM with either QPM (D-2) or HMN (D-3). Diet 4 was same as control diet, but supplemented with synthetic lysine to meet the requirement. Each diet was fed ad lib to 10 replicates of 5 chicks each during the entire experimental duration of eight weeks. Dietary substitution of NM with either HMN or QPM did not have any effect on body weight gain and feed consumption. However, feed conversion ratio was significantly (P<0.01) improved by substituting NM by either QPM or supplementing Lys to NM based diet. The FCR was intermediate in HMN diet. None of the serum biochemical parameters (concentrations of P, triglycerides, cholesterol and HDL cholesterol) except concentrations of protein and Ca were influenced by the dietary substitution of NM with QPM. The protein and Ca concentration in serum increased significantly (P<0.05) by substituting NM by QPM. However, both the above parameters were intermediate in HMN and NM+Lys supplemented diet. The humoral immune response as measured by antibody titre to SRBC inoculation was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the QPM based and NM + Lys supplemented diets compared to NM or HMN dietary group. It was concluded that nutritional value of QPM is superior to NM and HMN and feeding value of HMN is similar to NM in WL chick diet.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of multi-carbohydrase enzymes (xylanase, g... more The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of multi-carbohydrase enzymes (xylanase, glucanase, cellulase and mannanase) supplementation in maize-soybean meal based diet on the performance of broiler chickens. Control starter (0-3 wk) and finisher (4-6 wk) diet based on maize-soybean meal was formulated to meet respective nutrient requirement. Another low energy diet was formulated in which the AME value was lowered by 100 kcal/kg. Three other experimental diets were formulated by adding 1x (low), 2x (medium) and 3x (high) concentration of enzymes per kg to the low energy diet. The content of enzymes in 1x concentration per kg diet was xylanase–3250 U, glucanase–1200 U, cellulase–900 U and mannanase 4000 U. Each diet was fed at random to 10 replicates of 6 chicks each throughout the experimental period. Supplementation of enzymes at the lowest concentration to the low energy diet resulted in higher weight gain at 3 wks, improved feed conversion ratio at both 3 and 6 weeks of age, and higher retention of nitrogen and energy and the values were similar to control group. No difference on performance could be noticed due to variation in the dose of enzymes indicating that lowest concentration of enzymes employed was adequate in eliciting the desired response. The carcass characteristics did not vary significantly amongst the dietary groups except the abdominal fat content. The abdominal fat content was significantly lower in the birds fed the low energy diet compared to either control or enzyme supplemented diets. Thus, it is concluded that AME can be reduced by 100kcal/kg in maize-soybean meal based diet by supplementing carbohydrase enzyme.
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of substitution of normal maize (NM) with qua... more An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of substitution of normal maize (NM) with quality protein maize (QPM) on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A control broiler diet based on maizesoybean meal was prepared to meet all the nutrients requirement except lysine. Another diet was prepared by substituting NM with QPM at 100% level. The third diet was similar to control but supplemented with synthetic lysine to meet the requirement as per standard. Each diet was fed at random to 10 replicates of six chicks each throughout the experimental period. The lowest body weight gain and poor feed conversion ratio was observed in the control diet containing NM both at 3 and 6 weeks of age. Dietary substitution of QPM with NM or supplementing lysine to NM diet significantly (P<0.05) increased the body weight gain and improved the feed conversion ratio. The retention of protein and Ca also significantly (P<0.05) increased by replacing NM with QPM compared to NM based diet. The concentrations of protein and Ca were significantly higher in the QPM and lysine supplemented group compared to NM diet. Dietary replacement of NM with QPM or supplemental lysine to the NM diet had no influence on dressed meat yield and giblet weight. However, the abdominal fat content decreased and breast meat yield increased by either substitution of NM with QPM or supplementing lysine to NM diet. It is concluded that the nutritional value of QPM is higher than NM and dietary substitution of NM by QPM needs no extra lysine supplementation in broiler strain of moderate growth for eliciting optimum performance.
Three experiments were conducted to determine the apparent metabolisable energy, apparent digesti... more Three experiments were conducted to determine the apparent metabolisable energy, apparent digestible amino acid values, and utilisation of three maize varities in chickens: quality protein maize (QPM), hybrid maize Nityashree (HMN) and normal maize (NM). There was no significant difference in the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) content amongst the three varieties of maize. Lysine and threonine digestibilities were significantly higher in QPM compared to either HMN or NM. No difference in the digestibilities of other amino acids occurred among the three different maize varieties. There was no difference between diets containing NM or HMN for body weight gain (21 and 40 d of age) and overall feed conversion ratio (0-40 d), but values were significantly higher for QPM (and Lys-supplemented NM) diets. The relative weights of dressed meat yield and giblets were unaffected by dietary replacement of NM with QPM, HMN, or Lys supplementation of the NM diet. However, abdominal fat content decreased and breast meat yield increased with both dietary replacement of NM with QPM and Lys supplementation of the NM diet. The concentration of protein in serum was significantly increased by dietary replacement of NM with QPM. Adding Lys to the NM based diet significantly increased the Ca concentration in serum compared with NM or HMN diets. However, the highest concentration of Ca in serum was found in the QPM diet. The concentration of total cholesterol in serum significantly decreased by either replacing NM with QPM or adding Lys to the NM based diet, compared with the NM diet. These results suggested that the feeding value of quality protein maize was superior to normal maize, while the feeding value of hybrid maize Nityashree was similar to that of normal maize.
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