ERIA Org

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The Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) is an international organisation based in Jakarta, Indonesia that conducts in-depth research on issues facing the people and governments of ASEAN and East Asia.Our evidence-based research supports the development of actionable policy recommendations to build sustainable futures. Established in 2008, ERIA’s experts work with academics and officials from around the world to deliver capacity-building and analysis on a wide range of subjects.ERIA’s studies cover a wide range of policy areas, such as trade and investment, SMEs, infrastructure, connectivity, environment and energy issues. Our experts represent diverse perspectives and come from many countries including Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Nepal, and Viet Nam.
Supervisors: Chief Operating Officer Izuru Kobayashi and Director of Communications Lydia Ruddy
Phone: (62-21) 57974460
Address: Sentral Senayan ll, 6th floor, Jalan Asia Afrika No.8, Gelora Bung Karno, Senayan, Jakarta Pusat 10270, Indonesia

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Carthik EEC

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Viktoriia Fadeeva

Saint-Petersburg State University

Adnan A Hezri

Noor Ghazal Aswad

University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa

kaare M.JACOB

The Pan-African University

J. J.

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DIscussion Papers by ERIA Org

Analysis of Distributed Energy Systems and Implications for Electrification: The Case of ASEAN Member States

The study of distributed energy systems (DES) in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEA... more The study of distributed energy systems (DES) in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) highlights the potential role of DES to enhance electricity access and provide energy solutions as a modern energy system in response to increasing energy demand. This study grasps the overall status and policies of DES in selected ASEAN member states through literature survey and information exchanges from meetings and conferences within the region. The study also attempts to estimate the DES-related renewable energy capacity and investment needed for 2013–2040. At the ASEAN level, the estimates of DES-related renewable capacity and needed investment for combined renewable energy such as wind, solar photovoltaic (PV), geothermal, hydropower, and biomass will increase significantly from the investment opportunity of US$34 billion in the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario to US$56 billion in the alternative policy scenario (APS). At the same time, the application of DES-related renewable energy also implies reduced CO2 emissions of 46.1 million metric tonnes for BAU and 64.6 million metric tonnes for APS. Thailand's case study of DES in the form of small power producers (SPPs) and very small power producers (VSPPs) demonstrated the likelihood of DES expansion in ASEAN member states in the future. Finally, the study suggests that the DES-related investment opportunity is large, and will provide jobs and business opportunities to the community. DES is a modern generation system and its deployment will also help address the electricity supply shortage in ASEAN member states.

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ERIA DP2015-44: Monitoring the Implementation of Services Trade Reform towards an ASEAN Economic Community

This paper assesses the extent to which the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Framew... more This paper assesses the extent to which the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS) is helping ASEAN member states achieve their ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) goal of free flow of services in the region. Even after eight rounds of services trade negotiations, the trade commitments lag actual practice.

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ERIA DP2015-43: FDI Restrictiveness Index for ASEAN: Implementation of AEC Blueprint Measures

This paper is an extension of the FDI restrictiveness index created for the ASEAN Free Trade Agre... more This paper is an extension of the FDI restrictiveness index created for the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA) in Thangavelu and Lim (2011). It provides more detailed and updated information for the index for AFTA; a new FDI restrictiveness index is also created for the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services Eighth Package (AFAS 8) and the ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement (ACIA).

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ERIA DP2015-42: AEC Blueprint Implementation Performance and Challenges: Standards and Conformance

ASEAN aims to reduce, if not eliminate, technical barriers to trade through standards and conform... more ASEAN aims to reduce, if not eliminate, technical barriers to trade through standards and conformance (S&C) initiatives towards a highly integrated economy, or the so-called single market and production base. This paper aims to evaluate the progress and challenges of S&C initiatives implementation in three ASEAN priority integration sectors, namely, the automotive sector, the electrical and electronic equipment sector, and the health sector (cosmetics, medical devices, and pharmaceutical). The paper uses questionnaires and interviews with government officials and the private sector in 10 ASEAN members states (AMSs).

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ERIA DP2015-32: AEC Blueprint Implementation Performance and Challenges: Investment Liberalization

Investment liberalization is central for ASEAN to attract greater FDI inflows and intra-region di... more Investment liberalization is central for ASEAN to attract greater FDI inflows and intra-region direct investment flows. This paper focuses on measuring and examining the progress and challenges in the implementation of the investment liberalization initiatives in the AEC Blueprint 2009-2015. It also draws on country reports produced as part of the AEC Scorecard Project regarding other constraints on creating much better investment regimes in selected ASEAN countries. The result shows the foreign investment liberalization rate, based on the ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement (ACIA), is high in manufacturing with the challenges to further liberalization to be found primarily in Indonesia and Viet Nam. The picture of liberalization in the agriculture-mining sector is much more mixed across ASEAN, with some ASEAN Member States very liberal in their foreign investment stance, while several others are more cautious, measured, and/or restrictive towards foreign equity participation. The main challenges of further investment liberalization in the region include complex cultural, political, and security sensitivities regarding foreign equity majority control in some sectors, especially in agricultural and natural resource-based industries. There may also be strategic industrial, nationalist, and/or developmental gap considerations working against foreign majority ownership in some manufacturing sectors in several ASEAN Member States. The paper ends with some recommendations for ASEAN investment liberalization initiatives post-2015.

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