I investigated how people’s childhood experiences of involvement in team sports helped them devel... more I investigated how people’s childhood experiences of involvement in team sports helped them develop non-cognitive skills, which later prompted them to make charitable donations to disaster victims. I independently collected individual-level data from approximately 7000 observations in 2016. The instrumental variable (IV) method was used for the estimations. In the specification of the IV model, sporting experience and informal education in childhood were used as exogenous IV. I found that (1) sporting experiences cause people to have positive subjective views of reciprocity, (2) team sports experience has a larger effect on people than individual sports experience, and (3) the above lead people to donate to disaster victims of enormous disasters such as the Great East Japan Earthquake.
A summer high school baseball tournament is held every mid-summer in Koshien Stadium. “Koshien Ba... more A summer high school baseball tournament is held every mid-summer in Koshien Stadium. “Koshien Baseball” is very popular in Japan; however, it faces the problem of extremely high temperatures during games. Thus, high school players are threatened by harsh environmental conditions. For this reason, two Internet surveys were distributed to the same individuals. Then, their views regarding the Koshien tournament before and after the provision of information regarding environmental change in Japan were gathered. Using these data, this study examined how their views changed after being introduced to the information. Compared with their previous views, it was found that (1) respondents were more likely to agree that the management rules of the Koshien tournament should be altered to protect players’ health, and (2) the impact of providing information is greater for female respondents, young respondents, and highly educated respondents. This study provides evidence that the effect of infor...
In the Japanese Professional Baseball League, the starting pitcher is announced prior to the game... more In the Japanese Professional Baseball League, the starting pitcher is announced prior to the game in the Pacific League but not in the Central League. I attempt to investigate how the release of information concerning a starting pitcher prior to the game affects attendance. My major findings are: (1) In the Pacific League, the salary (and overall number of wins) of the home team’s starting pitcher is positively related to attendance, while that of the visiting team is not. (2) In the Central League, neither the salary (or the overall number of wins) of the home team’s starting pitcher nor that of the visiting team affect attendance.
The effects of the social norm on cigarette consumption: evidence from Japan using panel data eij... more The effects of the social norm on cigarette consumption: evidence from Japan using panel data eiji yamamura
Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwe... more Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may
Frequency of contact with foreigners in a homogenous society: perceived consequences of foreigner... more Frequency of contact with foreigners in a homogenous society: perceived consequences of foreigner increases in
The lay judge system, a quasi-jury system, was introduced in Japan from May 2009. This paper atte... more The lay judge system, a quasi-jury system, was introduced in Japan from May 2009. This paper attempts to analyze Japanese people‟s attitude towards this system by examining whether they show a willingness to serve as a lay judge. The major findings from regression analysis are: (1) In general, people with a spouse inclined to adopt a negative attitude about serving as a lay judge. This tendency is, however, not observed in large cities. (2) Long-time residents and homeowners are more likely to have a negative attitude about serving as a lay judge. These results show that a tightly knitted interpersonal social network discourages people from serving as a lay judge. Because of the life time secrecy obligation and the penalty provisions for those who break this obligation, people with closer interpersonal ties are under greater pressure and strains, leading to larger psychological cost. The obligation and its penalty should be eased to improve people‟s attitudes about serving as a lay ...
Frequency of contact with foreigners in a homogenous society: perceived consequences of foreigner... more Frequency of contact with foreigners in a homogenous society: perceived consequences of foreigner increases in Japan.
Using cross-country data, this paper examines the influence of government transparency on changin... more Using cross-country data, this paper examines the influence of government transparency on changing views regarding nuclear energy before and after Japan’s natural and nuclear disasters of 2011. It was observed that in the majority of countries the rate of favoring nuclear energy declined after the disaster. However, empirical results have shown that this rate is less likely to decrease in a more transparent country, even after a disaster. This implies that views regarding nuclear energy were less elastic to the news of the Fukushima incident when people were more certain about nuclear energy prior to the Fukushima incident.
Using individual level data (the Japanese General Social Survey), this paper aims to explore how ... more Using individual level data (the Japanese General Social Survey), this paper aims to explore how interaction between genders contributes to the cessation of smoking in Japan, where females are distinctly less inclined to smoke than males. Controlling for various socioeconomic factors and selection bias, I find through a Heckman-type selection estimation that rates of female employment in workplaces are negatively associated with male smoking but not with female smoking. These results suggest that male smokers are more inclined to cease smoking when they are more likely to have contact with nonsmokers of the opposite sex. Overall, this empirical study provides evidence that the psychological effect of the presence of people in one’s surroundings has a direct significant effect upon smoking behavior. However, this effect is observed only among males and not females.
This paper explores how social capital is related with self-rated health status in Japan and how ... more This paper explores how social capital is related with self-rated health status in Japan and how this relationship is affected by gender, using data for 3075 adult participants in the 2000 Social Policy and Social Consciousness (SPSC) survey. Controlling for endogenous bias, unobserved city size- and area-specific fixed effects, I find that social capital has a significant positive influence on health status for females but not for males. If samples are limited to persons with a job, social capital effects drastically decrease and the difference between genders diminishes. This empirical study provides evidence that people without a job can afford to allocate time to accumulate social capital and thereby improve their health status.
This paper explores the role of mass media in people's perceptions of charismatic leaders, fo... more This paper explores the role of mass media in people's perceptions of charismatic leaders, focusing on the case of Junichiro Koizumi, Prime Minister of Japan from 2001 to 2006. Using survey data collected immediately after Koizumi's 2005 landslide electoral victory, this study empirically assesses the influence of television (TV) and newspapers on individuals' support for Koizumi and for the most distinctive policy action he announced during his campaign - the privatization of the postal service. The major findings are: (1) the frequency of exposure to mass media is positively related to the support for Koizumi but not for his principal policy and (2) a significant impact of TV is only observed among women. The habit of reading newspapers only slightly correlates with men's support for Koizumi. Our study's results suggest that compared to a political platform, charisma and attractiveness wield a greater influence on TV watchers of the opposite sex. Television app...
This paper explores how the rate of home-ownership and income inequality are related to the forma... more This paper explores how the rate of home-ownership and income inequality are related to the formation of social capital using panel data from Japan during the period 1986-2006. I have used Dynamic Panel estimation to control unobserved prefecture-specific fixed effects and an endogeneity bias. I have found through this estimation that the rate of home-ownership enhances the participation in voluntary activities, leading to social capital accumulation. This is in accord with findings from the United States (DiPasquale and Glaeser, 1999).
In Japan, the increase in the consumption tax rate, a measure of balanced public finance, reduces... more In Japan, the increase in the consumption tax rate, a measure of balanced public finance, reduces the inequality of fiscal burden between the present and future generations. This study estimates the effect of grandchildren on an older person’s view of consumption tax, using independently collected data. The results show that having grandchildren is positively associated with supporting an increase in consumption tax. Further, this association is observed strongly between granddaughters and grandparents. However, the association between grandsons and grandparents depends on the sub-sample. This implies that people of the old generation are likely to accept the tax burden to reduce the burden on their grandchildren, especially granddaughters. In other words, grandparents show intergenerational altruism. JEL classification: H23, J11, J13, and J14
I investigated how people’s childhood experiences of involvement in team sports helped them devel... more I investigated how people’s childhood experiences of involvement in team sports helped them develop non-cognitive skills, which later prompted them to make charitable donations to disaster victims. I independently collected individual-level data from approximately 7000 observations in 2016. The instrumental variable (IV) method was used for the estimations. In the specification of the IV model, sporting experience and informal education in childhood were used as exogenous IV. I found that (1) sporting experiences cause people to have positive subjective views of reciprocity, (2) team sports experience has a larger effect on people than individual sports experience, and (3) the above lead people to donate to disaster victims of enormous disasters such as the Great East Japan Earthquake.
A summer high school baseball tournament is held every mid-summer in Koshien Stadium. “Koshien Ba... more A summer high school baseball tournament is held every mid-summer in Koshien Stadium. “Koshien Baseball” is very popular in Japan; however, it faces the problem of extremely high temperatures during games. Thus, high school players are threatened by harsh environmental conditions. For this reason, two Internet surveys were distributed to the same individuals. Then, their views regarding the Koshien tournament before and after the provision of information regarding environmental change in Japan were gathered. Using these data, this study examined how their views changed after being introduced to the information. Compared with their previous views, it was found that (1) respondents were more likely to agree that the management rules of the Koshien tournament should be altered to protect players’ health, and (2) the impact of providing information is greater for female respondents, young respondents, and highly educated respondents. This study provides evidence that the effect of infor...
In the Japanese Professional Baseball League, the starting pitcher is announced prior to the game... more In the Japanese Professional Baseball League, the starting pitcher is announced prior to the game in the Pacific League but not in the Central League. I attempt to investigate how the release of information concerning a starting pitcher prior to the game affects attendance. My major findings are: (1) In the Pacific League, the salary (and overall number of wins) of the home team’s starting pitcher is positively related to attendance, while that of the visiting team is not. (2) In the Central League, neither the salary (or the overall number of wins) of the home team’s starting pitcher nor that of the visiting team affect attendance.
The effects of the social norm on cigarette consumption: evidence from Japan using panel data eij... more The effects of the social norm on cigarette consumption: evidence from Japan using panel data eiji yamamura
Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwe... more Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may
Frequency of contact with foreigners in a homogenous society: perceived consequences of foreigner... more Frequency of contact with foreigners in a homogenous society: perceived consequences of foreigner increases in
The lay judge system, a quasi-jury system, was introduced in Japan from May 2009. This paper atte... more The lay judge system, a quasi-jury system, was introduced in Japan from May 2009. This paper attempts to analyze Japanese people‟s attitude towards this system by examining whether they show a willingness to serve as a lay judge. The major findings from regression analysis are: (1) In general, people with a spouse inclined to adopt a negative attitude about serving as a lay judge. This tendency is, however, not observed in large cities. (2) Long-time residents and homeowners are more likely to have a negative attitude about serving as a lay judge. These results show that a tightly knitted interpersonal social network discourages people from serving as a lay judge. Because of the life time secrecy obligation and the penalty provisions for those who break this obligation, people with closer interpersonal ties are under greater pressure and strains, leading to larger psychological cost. The obligation and its penalty should be eased to improve people‟s attitudes about serving as a lay ...
Frequency of contact with foreigners in a homogenous society: perceived consequences of foreigner... more Frequency of contact with foreigners in a homogenous society: perceived consequences of foreigner increases in Japan.
Using cross-country data, this paper examines the influence of government transparency on changin... more Using cross-country data, this paper examines the influence of government transparency on changing views regarding nuclear energy before and after Japan’s natural and nuclear disasters of 2011. It was observed that in the majority of countries the rate of favoring nuclear energy declined after the disaster. However, empirical results have shown that this rate is less likely to decrease in a more transparent country, even after a disaster. This implies that views regarding nuclear energy were less elastic to the news of the Fukushima incident when people were more certain about nuclear energy prior to the Fukushima incident.
Using individual level data (the Japanese General Social Survey), this paper aims to explore how ... more Using individual level data (the Japanese General Social Survey), this paper aims to explore how interaction between genders contributes to the cessation of smoking in Japan, where females are distinctly less inclined to smoke than males. Controlling for various socioeconomic factors and selection bias, I find through a Heckman-type selection estimation that rates of female employment in workplaces are negatively associated with male smoking but not with female smoking. These results suggest that male smokers are more inclined to cease smoking when they are more likely to have contact with nonsmokers of the opposite sex. Overall, this empirical study provides evidence that the psychological effect of the presence of people in one’s surroundings has a direct significant effect upon smoking behavior. However, this effect is observed only among males and not females.
This paper explores how social capital is related with self-rated health status in Japan and how ... more This paper explores how social capital is related with self-rated health status in Japan and how this relationship is affected by gender, using data for 3075 adult participants in the 2000 Social Policy and Social Consciousness (SPSC) survey. Controlling for endogenous bias, unobserved city size- and area-specific fixed effects, I find that social capital has a significant positive influence on health status for females but not for males. If samples are limited to persons with a job, social capital effects drastically decrease and the difference between genders diminishes. This empirical study provides evidence that people without a job can afford to allocate time to accumulate social capital and thereby improve their health status.
This paper explores the role of mass media in people's perceptions of charismatic leaders, fo... more This paper explores the role of mass media in people's perceptions of charismatic leaders, focusing on the case of Junichiro Koizumi, Prime Minister of Japan from 2001 to 2006. Using survey data collected immediately after Koizumi's 2005 landslide electoral victory, this study empirically assesses the influence of television (TV) and newspapers on individuals' support for Koizumi and for the most distinctive policy action he announced during his campaign - the privatization of the postal service. The major findings are: (1) the frequency of exposure to mass media is positively related to the support for Koizumi but not for his principal policy and (2) a significant impact of TV is only observed among women. The habit of reading newspapers only slightly correlates with men's support for Koizumi. Our study's results suggest that compared to a political platform, charisma and attractiveness wield a greater influence on TV watchers of the opposite sex. Television app...
This paper explores how the rate of home-ownership and income inequality are related to the forma... more This paper explores how the rate of home-ownership and income inequality are related to the formation of social capital using panel data from Japan during the period 1986-2006. I have used Dynamic Panel estimation to control unobserved prefecture-specific fixed effects and an endogeneity bias. I have found through this estimation that the rate of home-ownership enhances the participation in voluntary activities, leading to social capital accumulation. This is in accord with findings from the United States (DiPasquale and Glaeser, 1999).
In Japan, the increase in the consumption tax rate, a measure of balanced public finance, reduces... more In Japan, the increase in the consumption tax rate, a measure of balanced public finance, reduces the inequality of fiscal burden between the present and future generations. This study estimates the effect of grandchildren on an older person’s view of consumption tax, using independently collected data. The results show that having grandchildren is positively associated with supporting an increase in consumption tax. Further, this association is observed strongly between granddaughters and grandparents. However, the association between grandsons and grandparents depends on the sub-sample. This implies that people of the old generation are likely to accept the tax burden to reduce the burden on their grandchildren, especially granddaughters. In other words, grandparents show intergenerational altruism. JEL classification: H23, J11, J13, and J14
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