A total of forty five West African three months old dwarf buck-kids with an average body weight o... more A total of forty five West African three months old dwarf buck-kids with an average body weight of 6.25kg (5.5-7kg) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments designated as E 1 (0 %), E 2 (25%), E 3 (50%), E 4 (75%) and E 5 (100%) of Uromalt (M) inclusion levels at 3% of their body weight with three replications, each having three goats for a period of three months. Echinochloa stagnina (fresh bloom) was offered as basal diet at 16.00 hours. Daily supplementation with 21.66 % and 13.40, respectively, supported optimum semen volume (2.32 ml) and average sperm motility was 85.13 in WAD buck kids. These values are lower than the values of 42.53 % and 23. 00 % required to optimize average sperm con/count and average dead sperm spermatozoa. However, a single value of 25.57 supported optimum sperm morphology and minimum sperm abnormality in WAD buck kids. The study indicate that spermatogenic process was affected by this slight detrimental percentage increase in uromalt inclusion level and could probably be attributed to high nitrogen content of the diet. It is therefore concluded that optimizing uromalt inclusion level in the diet of WAD buck kids could be helpful in enhancing their reproductive efficiency.
A study was conducted to determine the levels of dietary lysine requirements for optimal producti... more A study was conducted to determine the levels of dietary lysine requirements for optimal productivity and carcass characteristics of growing indigenous Venda chicken from 1–13 wks of age involving 200 unsexed day-old indigenous Venda chicks during first experiment and 160 female chicks during the second experiment. In each feed trial, the chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments with varying lysine levels L6(0.6%), L8 (0.8%), L10 (1.0%) and L12 (1.2%) in a completely randomized design. L-Lysine-HCl at the expense of inert filler (sand) was used to balance the diet. The initial LW of the birds were taken and at weekly intervals thereafter. At 91d of age all the chickens in each pen were slaughtered and the carcass and haematological parameters determined. Results showed that feed intake, growth rate at the starter and growing phases were influenced (P 0.05) on FCR, metabilosable energy and mortality at starter and growing phases. Furthermore, thigh, wings, fat pad weights and haematological parameters were not influenced (P>0.05) by the dietary lysine treatments. Dietary lysine levels of 0.97 and 1.07% DM optimized feed intake and growth rate at the starter phase, respectively. While dietary lysine levels of 0.82 and 0.94% DM optimized feed intake and growth rate, respectively, at the growing phase. Dietary lysine levels of 0.91, 0.96, 0.98 and 0.93% DM optimized carcass weight, dressing percentage, breast meat and drumstick weights, respectively. These results have implications on ration formulation for indigenous chickens.
Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1999
Background: Chloroquine inhibits platelet aggregation. Because platelet aggregation may lead to t... more Background: Chloroquine inhibits platelet aggregation. Because platelet aggregation may lead to the lysis of platelets, the effect of chloroquine administration on circulating platelet survival was studied.Methods and Results: Platelets harvested from the blood of male inbred (WAG) rats were labeled with111Indium oxine and returned to other inbred rats. At timed intervals, blood samples were drawn from the rats and taken for radioactivity estimation. In some experi ments, the rats (n = 10) received chloroquine (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally daily for 3 days. Control rats (n = 10) received normal saline. Indium-labeled platelets disappeared expo nentially in control and test rats. The fraction of indium disappearing/h was significantly less in chloroquine-treated rats than in control rats (0.0368 ± 0.0016 vs 0.0520 ± 0.0016, mean ± SEM; P < .001). In all, 99% of the labeled platelets disappeared in 5.3 days in chloro quine-treated rats and 3.7 days in control rats.Conclusions: Chlor...
The Central African journal of medicine, Apr 1, 2000
The aims of this paper were to document the body mass index (BMI) and anthropometric characterist... more The aims of this paper were to document the body mass index (BMI) and anthropometric characteristics of the city of Harare urban dwellers of Zimbabwe. To investigate the relationship between BMI, sum of skin folds (SSF) and percent body fat (PBF). Cross sectional study. Designated fitness awareness locations in the city of Harare during the 1998 physiotherapy awareness week. The participants were 140 apparently healthy adults, males (n = 71) and females (n = 69). Body Mass Index. The minimum and maximum values of BMI were 17.7 and 33.3 for men, 17.6 and 47.8 for women. BMI was not found to increase with aging but PBF on the contrary did. The mean BMI value for the males and females was 24.89 +/- 3.18 and 27.8 +/- 5.89 respectively. There was no significant difference in mean BMI between sexes (p = 0.331). Weight was also similar by gender (p = 0.4691). In both sexes, the BMI showed a significant positive correlation with PBF, SSF, body weight and age (for males r = 0.721, 0.731, 0.900, 0.369, p &lt; 0.01 respectively; and in females r = 0.786, 0.804, 0.940, 0.404 and p &lt; 0.01 respectively). Women were found to have higher BMI, PBF, SSF than their male counterparts. On the average, men were found to be taller, with no significant difference in weight. There was a linear relationship between BMI and PBF, and all the variables investigated except age and stature in both sexes. Because of the differences of environment and industrialisation, estimation of BMI should involve such factors as ethnicity, race, gender and age.
Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2000
Background: Chloroquine inhibits platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Because inhibi tion o... more Background: Chloroquine inhibits platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Because inhibi tion of platelet aggregation may prolong bleeding time, the effect of chloroquine adminis tration on bleeding time and disappearance of platelet serotonin, which may affect bleeding time, were studied.Methods and Results: Platelets were harvested from 12 rabbits. They were labelled with111In to tag individual platelets and14C-labelled 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) or serotonin. Doubly labelled platelets from the rabbits were returned to their donors. At timed intervals, from 2 to 66 hours, blood samples were drawn and platelets collected.111In and14C were separately counted. In 6 experiments, the animals served as control and received normal saline intra peritoneally (IP) daily for 4 days; the other 6 rabbits served as test and were given a therapeutic dose of chloroquine phosphate (10 mg/kg, IP) daily for 4 days. Indium disap peared in an exponential fashion in both control and test groups. The f...
One thousand four hundred and seven Kanuri and Babur/Bura subjects of northeastern Nigeria were s... more One thousand four hundred and seven Kanuri and Babur/Bura subjects of northeastern Nigeria were selected randomly in order to determine the frequency and distribution patterns of midphalangeal hair of their hands. Of these, 25.2% possessed hair on the middle phalanges (approximately 26% of males and 24% of females). Therefore, the sex difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.2704). There was, however, a significant effect of age (p < 0.05), by which the incidence increased to a peak in the 10- to 15-year age group and, thereafter, decreased gradually to a maximum age of 35 years. The frequency order of occurrence of midphalangeal hair was 4 > 3 > 5 > 2. Eight patterns of hair distribution were found, but no subject had exclusive presence of hair on the middle phalanx of the index finger. The 3, 4, 5 finger combination was the most frequent. Hair on the proximal phalanx was absent in 8% of males and 7.6% of females. There was an ulnar rather than a radial sh...
Aquatic ecosystems often receive a wide spectrum of pollutants introduced directly or indirectly.... more Aquatic ecosystems often receive a wide spectrum of pollutants introduced directly or indirectly. The herbicide atrazine, an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), frequently contaminates potable water supplies and aquatic ecosystems. Studies suggest atrazine induced alterations in the neuroendocrine system along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. This study investigated the effects of atrazine (0, 2.5, 25, 250 and 500 μg l−1 for 28 days of exposure) on testosterone (TST) and prolactin (PRL) levels, testes histology and seminiferous tubular morphometry of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. TST and PRL significantly decreased in all the 28 days atrazine exposed groups. Histologically, the testes showed vacuolated and sloughing of basal germinal epithelium in the treated groups. A high correlation between testicular biopsy score counts and results of seminiferous tubular morphometry was also observed. Findings from this study confirm that atrazine is an EDC in fish that alters reproductive dysfunction by targeting the HPG axis, as evidenced by its effects on the investigated reproductive hormones. Furthermore, atrazine disrupted the histoarchitectural components of the testes, which may interfere with spermatogenesis and therefore impair the reproductive functions of the fish.
A total of forty five West African three months old dwarf buck-kids with an average body weight o... more A total of forty five West African three months old dwarf buck-kids with an average body weight of 6.25kg (5.5-7kg) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments designated as E 1 (0 %), E 2 (25%), E 3 (50%), E 4 (75%) and E 5 (100%) of Uromalt (M) inclusion levels at 3% of their body weight with three replications, each having three goats for a period of three months. Echinochloa stagnina (fresh bloom) was offered as basal diet at 16.00 hours. Daily supplementation with 21.66 % and 13.40, respectively, supported optimum semen volume (2.32 ml) and average sperm motility was 85.13 in WAD buck kids. These values are lower than the values of 42.53 % and 23. 00 % required to optimize average sperm con/count and average dead sperm spermatozoa. However, a single value of 25.57 supported optimum sperm morphology and minimum sperm abnormality in WAD buck kids. The study indicate that spermatogenic process was affected by this slight detrimental percentage increase in uromalt inclusion level and could probably be attributed to high nitrogen content of the diet. It is therefore concluded that optimizing uromalt inclusion level in the diet of WAD buck kids could be helpful in enhancing their reproductive efficiency.
A study was conducted to determine the levels of dietary lysine requirements for optimal producti... more A study was conducted to determine the levels of dietary lysine requirements for optimal productivity and carcass characteristics of growing indigenous Venda chicken from 1–13 wks of age involving 200 unsexed day-old indigenous Venda chicks during first experiment and 160 female chicks during the second experiment. In each feed trial, the chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments with varying lysine levels L6(0.6%), L8 (0.8%), L10 (1.0%) and L12 (1.2%) in a completely randomized design. L-Lysine-HCl at the expense of inert filler (sand) was used to balance the diet. The initial LW of the birds were taken and at weekly intervals thereafter. At 91d of age all the chickens in each pen were slaughtered and the carcass and haematological parameters determined. Results showed that feed intake, growth rate at the starter and growing phases were influenced (P 0.05) on FCR, metabilosable energy and mortality at starter and growing phases. Furthermore, thigh, wings, fat pad weights and haematological parameters were not influenced (P>0.05) by the dietary lysine treatments. Dietary lysine levels of 0.97 and 1.07% DM optimized feed intake and growth rate at the starter phase, respectively. While dietary lysine levels of 0.82 and 0.94% DM optimized feed intake and growth rate, respectively, at the growing phase. Dietary lysine levels of 0.91, 0.96, 0.98 and 0.93% DM optimized carcass weight, dressing percentage, breast meat and drumstick weights, respectively. These results have implications on ration formulation for indigenous chickens.
Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1999
Background: Chloroquine inhibits platelet aggregation. Because platelet aggregation may lead to t... more Background: Chloroquine inhibits platelet aggregation. Because platelet aggregation may lead to the lysis of platelets, the effect of chloroquine administration on circulating platelet survival was studied.Methods and Results: Platelets harvested from the blood of male inbred (WAG) rats were labeled with111Indium oxine and returned to other inbred rats. At timed intervals, blood samples were drawn from the rats and taken for radioactivity estimation. In some experi ments, the rats (n = 10) received chloroquine (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally daily for 3 days. Control rats (n = 10) received normal saline. Indium-labeled platelets disappeared expo nentially in control and test rats. The fraction of indium disappearing/h was significantly less in chloroquine-treated rats than in control rats (0.0368 ± 0.0016 vs 0.0520 ± 0.0016, mean ± SEM; P < .001). In all, 99% of the labeled platelets disappeared in 5.3 days in chloro quine-treated rats and 3.7 days in control rats.Conclusions: Chlor...
The Central African journal of medicine, Apr 1, 2000
The aims of this paper were to document the body mass index (BMI) and anthropometric characterist... more The aims of this paper were to document the body mass index (BMI) and anthropometric characteristics of the city of Harare urban dwellers of Zimbabwe. To investigate the relationship between BMI, sum of skin folds (SSF) and percent body fat (PBF). Cross sectional study. Designated fitness awareness locations in the city of Harare during the 1998 physiotherapy awareness week. The participants were 140 apparently healthy adults, males (n = 71) and females (n = 69). Body Mass Index. The minimum and maximum values of BMI were 17.7 and 33.3 for men, 17.6 and 47.8 for women. BMI was not found to increase with aging but PBF on the contrary did. The mean BMI value for the males and females was 24.89 +/- 3.18 and 27.8 +/- 5.89 respectively. There was no significant difference in mean BMI between sexes (p = 0.331). Weight was also similar by gender (p = 0.4691). In both sexes, the BMI showed a significant positive correlation with PBF, SSF, body weight and age (for males r = 0.721, 0.731, 0.900, 0.369, p &lt; 0.01 respectively; and in females r = 0.786, 0.804, 0.940, 0.404 and p &lt; 0.01 respectively). Women were found to have higher BMI, PBF, SSF than their male counterparts. On the average, men were found to be taller, with no significant difference in weight. There was a linear relationship between BMI and PBF, and all the variables investigated except age and stature in both sexes. Because of the differences of environment and industrialisation, estimation of BMI should involve such factors as ethnicity, race, gender and age.
Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2000
Background: Chloroquine inhibits platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Because inhibi tion o... more Background: Chloroquine inhibits platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Because inhibi tion of platelet aggregation may prolong bleeding time, the effect of chloroquine adminis tration on bleeding time and disappearance of platelet serotonin, which may affect bleeding time, were studied.Methods and Results: Platelets were harvested from 12 rabbits. They were labelled with111In to tag individual platelets and14C-labelled 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) or serotonin. Doubly labelled platelets from the rabbits were returned to their donors. At timed intervals, from 2 to 66 hours, blood samples were drawn and platelets collected.111In and14C were separately counted. In 6 experiments, the animals served as control and received normal saline intra peritoneally (IP) daily for 4 days; the other 6 rabbits served as test and were given a therapeutic dose of chloroquine phosphate (10 mg/kg, IP) daily for 4 days. Indium disap peared in an exponential fashion in both control and test groups. The f...
One thousand four hundred and seven Kanuri and Babur/Bura subjects of northeastern Nigeria were s... more One thousand four hundred and seven Kanuri and Babur/Bura subjects of northeastern Nigeria were selected randomly in order to determine the frequency and distribution patterns of midphalangeal hair of their hands. Of these, 25.2% possessed hair on the middle phalanges (approximately 26% of males and 24% of females). Therefore, the sex difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.2704). There was, however, a significant effect of age (p < 0.05), by which the incidence increased to a peak in the 10- to 15-year age group and, thereafter, decreased gradually to a maximum age of 35 years. The frequency order of occurrence of midphalangeal hair was 4 > 3 > 5 > 2. Eight patterns of hair distribution were found, but no subject had exclusive presence of hair on the middle phalanx of the index finger. The 3, 4, 5 finger combination was the most frequent. Hair on the proximal phalanx was absent in 8% of males and 7.6% of females. There was an ulnar rather than a radial sh...
Aquatic ecosystems often receive a wide spectrum of pollutants introduced directly or indirectly.... more Aquatic ecosystems often receive a wide spectrum of pollutants introduced directly or indirectly. The herbicide atrazine, an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), frequently contaminates potable water supplies and aquatic ecosystems. Studies suggest atrazine induced alterations in the neuroendocrine system along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. This study investigated the effects of atrazine (0, 2.5, 25, 250 and 500 μg l−1 for 28 days of exposure) on testosterone (TST) and prolactin (PRL) levels, testes histology and seminiferous tubular morphometry of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. TST and PRL significantly decreased in all the 28 days atrazine exposed groups. Histologically, the testes showed vacuolated and sloughing of basal germinal epithelium in the treated groups. A high correlation between testicular biopsy score counts and results of seminiferous tubular morphometry was also observed. Findings from this study confirm that atrazine is an EDC in fish that alters reproductive dysfunction by targeting the HPG axis, as evidenced by its effects on the investigated reproductive hormones. Furthermore, atrazine disrupted the histoarchitectural components of the testes, which may interfere with spermatogenesis and therefore impair the reproductive functions of the fish.
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