Over 100 species of the genus Salsola are distributed in dry, arid parts of Asia, Europe and Afri... more Over 100 species of the genus Salsola are distributed in dry, arid parts of Asia, Europe and Africa, of which many species are recognised as antifungal, anticancer, antihypertensive and anthelmintic agents. Egyptian Salsola received scant characterisation of either its phytochemical composition or its biological effects. In this study, the metabolite profiles of two Salsola species viz. S. vermiculata and S. tetrandra were characterised in the aerial portions and root via ultra-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution qTOF-MS and NMR. Identified metabolites belonged to various classes including hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates, flavonoids, oxygenated fatty acids and alkaloids. Principal component analysis of derived biochemical profiles was also used for species and/or organs classification. Roots were enriched in hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates, whereas flavonoids were more abundant in aerial parts with kaempferol derivatives as major flavonoids in S. tetrandra versus quercetin in S. vermiculata. The root of S. vermiculata exhibited strong anti-acetylcholinesterase activity relative to eserine standard.
International Journal of Food Science and Technology, Jan 3, 2023
SummaryPolyphenolics are the most common class of plant‐derived natural products. They play an im... more SummaryPolyphenolics are the most common class of plant‐derived natural products. They play an important role in the protection of both plants and humans. Acylated polyphenolics, i.e., polyphenolics esterified with either phenolic or organic acids, are abundant in several plant families including Fabaceae. This review article is intended to shed light on the distribution, isolation, chemodiversity, and bioactivity of acylated polyphenolics obtained from selected fabaceous plants mentioned herein. Isolation of these metabolites was mostly performed via successive column chromatography, including preparative and semi‐preparative HPLC. Structure elucidation was achieved through interpretation of spectral data. Meanwhile, detection was chiefly accomplished via diverse liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric analyses. Compared to usual polyphenolics, these unique acylated compounds were found of higher stability and bioactivity. The current survey targets to provide a comprehensive overview of the medicinal role of acylated polyphenolics that may encourage the incorporation of fabaceous plants in pharmaceuticals.
This study comprises a comparative physico-chemical investigation of the hydrodistilled leaf vola... more This study comprises a comparative physico-chemical investigation of the hydrodistilled leaf volatiles and stem bark exudates of two Swietenia species grown in Egypt viz., Swietenia mahogani (L.) Jacq. and Swietenia macrophylla King. The physical characters were described, and chemical composition determined via chromatographic analyses (PC, GLC and GC/MS). Moreover, the antimicrobial potential of all samples was assessed and the long-term antihyperglycemic activity of gum exudates evaluated. Hydrodistilled leaf volatiles (0.15 vs. 0.10% v/dry wt. in S. mahogani and S. macrophylla, respectively) were dominated by sesquiterpenoids among which hydrocarbons prevailed (75.51 vs. 80.95%), as evidenced by GC/MS analysis. Transcaryophyllene (33.89%) dominated the S. mahogani sample and α- humulene (39.64%) that of S. macrophylla. Oxygenated constituents were minor in both, being mainly represented by sesquiterpenoids, with elemol (6.13%) as major in S. mahogani and E-nerolidol (10.18%) in ...
Drought is among the most common abiotic stresses that significantly influence plants’ growth and... more Drought is among the most common abiotic stresses that significantly influence plants’ growth and metabolic activities. In this study, Eriocephalus africanus L. (Asteraceae) was exposed to three levels of drought stress (irrigation with 75, 50, and 25% field capacity), together with foliar spraying of a plant hormone, salicylic acid (1, 2, and 3 mM SA), to observe the effect of drought stress and SA on its secondary metabolites. These growing conditions efficiently affected its total flavonoid and polyphenol contents (TFC and TPC, respectively). TFC and TPC increased by 53% and 35%, respectively, in stressed plants. Consequently, the radical scavenging activity improved by 140%. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiles of the extracts of control and stressed plants were assessed. Among identified polyphenols, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid predominated in both samples, although it was detected in a greater percentage of stressed plants. Essential oils hydro-distilled from the plants showed a higher yield...
Jatropha integerrima Jacq., family: Euphorbiaceae, is used in India and subtropical Africa to tre... more Jatropha integerrima Jacq., family: Euphorbiaceae, is used in India and subtropical Africa to treat different skin conditions. In this study we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of J. integerrima leaves extract (JILE) using rat paw edema model. The extract was administered orally (200 and 400 mg/kg) or applied topically as creams at 2.5, 5, and 10% strength. Four hours post-treatment, maximum reduction of edema volume by 63.09% was observed after oral administration of JILE (400 mg/kg) as compared to indomethacin with 60.43%. The extract anti-inflammatory effect was accompanied by a decrease in NO, prostaglandin PGE2, TNF-α and PKC levels by 19, 29.35, 16.9, and 47.83%, respectively. Additionally, topical applications of JILE showed dose dependent reduction in paw edema and resulted in normalized levels of PGE2, TNF-α, and PKC when used as 10% cream. Signs of inflammations were reduced or absent from paw tissue of animals receiving JILE either orally or topically. Finally, li...
Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) has been successfully propagated in Egypt for the commercial p... more Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) has been successfully propagated in Egypt for the commercial production of avocado fruits. Four cultivars (one pure Mexican and three Mexican-Guatemalan hybrids) were investigated for the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of their leaves' essential oils. The hydro-distilled oils from Bacon, Duke, Ettinger and Pinkerton cultivars were analyzed using Gas Chromatography/ Mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and Gas Chromatography/ Flame Ionization Detector (GC/FID). Total of 20 compounds were identified with estragole, methyl eugenol and -pinene as the major constituents. Chemometric analysis performed on the GC/FID data indicated close similarity between the essential oils of Bacon and Ettinger cultivars, while that of the Duke cultivar was the most distant. This classification was further supported by comparative DNA fingerprinting using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Essential oils of all cultivars had no antifungal acti...
Received on: 01.09.2018 Revised on: 26.12.2018 Accepted on: 28.12.2018 Jatropha is a large euphor... more Received on: 01.09.2018 Revised on: 26.12.2018 Accepted on: 28.12.2018 Jatropha is a large euphorbiaceous genus of tropical and subtropical distribution. Several species are used as traditional remedies for mouth sores, diarrhoea and skin diseases. This study aimed to estimate the amount of phenolic components in correlation to the antioxidant potential of the leaves of four Jatropha species acclimatised in Egypt. The plant material was subjected to determination of pharmacopoeial standards (ash values, moisture and crude fibre contents) and macronutrients (fat, protein and carbohydrates) for the establishment of reliable quality control criteria. Quantitation of phenolic compounds was performed spectrophotometrically and DPPH radical scavenging assay applied for in-vitro assessment of anti-oxidant activity. Quality control parameters differed among the analysed samples; total and water-soluble ash values were distinctly higher in Jatropha curcas and crude fibres in J. gossypifolia ...
Hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) amides are found in many higher plants mainly in the reproductive orga... more Hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) amides are found in many higher plants mainly in the reproductive organs [l, 23. It was suggested that they play a physiological role in flowering [3, 41 and have antiviral [S] and antibiotic properties [6]. Many reviews concerning HCA amides described their broad structure variation from simple phenolic amides to complex macrocyclic polyamine alk- aloids [l, 7, 81. The Solanaceae are rich in HCA amide- containing species such as
The prevalence of hepatic diseases globally and in Egypt particularly necessitates an intensive s... more The prevalence of hepatic diseases globally and in Egypt particularly necessitates an intensive search for natural hepatoprotective candidates. Despite the traditional use of Chrysophyllum oliviforme L. and C. cainito L. leaves in the treatment of certain ailments, evidence-based reports on their bioactivities are limited. In this work, in vivo and in silico studies were conducted to evaluate their methanol extracts potential to alleviate liver damage in CCl4-intoxicated rats, in addition to their antioxidant activity and identifying the molecular mechanisms of their phenolic constituents. The extracts restored the altered total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), alanine aminotransferase ALT, aspartate aminotransferase AST, total protein, and albumin. Histopathological architecture, DNA fragmentation, and mRNA expression level of TGF-β1 also confirmed the anti-fibrotic activity of the two extracts. The total phenolic content (TPC) in C. oliviforme...
Aim/Background: To assess the liver antifibrotic action of ethanolic extract of aerial parts of S... more Aim/Background: To assess the liver antifibrotic action of ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Solanum villosum Mill subsp. miniatum (Bernh. ex Willd.) (SVE) and correlate this activity with its high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight (HPLC-qTOF) Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (ESIMS) phytochemical profile. Materials and Methods: The median lethal dose of SVE was determined, and a rat model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis was used to evaluate its antifibrotic activity. Markers for hepatotoxicity, fibrosis, and oxidative stress were assessed, and histopathological features of liver tissues were examined. Metabolite profiling of SVE was achieved via HPLC-qTOF-ESIMS coupled with Photodiode array (PDA). Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by oral administration of CCl4for 6 weeks. Silymarin (positive control) and SVE (100 and 250 mg/kg) were orally administered daily for 6 weeks. Results: Compared to CCl4-intoxicated group, administration of SVE obviously ameliorated fibrosis of the hepatic capsule associated with aggregation of multiple focal fat cells formation. Both silymarin and SVE ameliorated the rise in serum markers of hepatotoxicity (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase), markedly attenuated CCl4-induced oxidative stress. The antifibrotic activity of SVE was evidenced by inhibiting the rise in hepatic hydroxyproline content and accumulation of collagen. This was confirmed by the ability of SVE to inhibit alterations in expression of the fibrosis-related genes Collagen Iα, matrixmetalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-2, and transforming growth factor beta 1. HPLC-qTOF-ESIMS analysis of SVE revealed the presence of 47 metabolites, among which 33 were tentatively identified. Conclusion: SVE exhibited hepatoprotective and antifibrotic activities in rats by enhancing the antioxidant capacity and regulating expression of fibrogenic mediators.
Purpose The investigation of two fungal strains isolated from Egyptian habitats, namely, the endo... more Purpose The investigation of two fungal strains isolated from Egyptian habitats, namely, the endophytic Fusarium poae FUN1 and the terrestrial Penicillium italicum FUN2 to illustrate their chemical constituents and their bioactivities. Materials and methods See General instrumental procedures. Results Linoleic acid (1), indole-3-acetic acid methyl ester (2) and Nb-acetyltryptamine (3) were produced by F. poae FUN1, whereas P. italicum FUN2 also delivered linoleic acid (1) in addition to cis-cyclo-(prolyl,valyl) (4). The structures of compounds (1)–(4) were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR, MS data and through comparison with literature reports. In this article, the taxonomical characterization of both fungal strains, their upscale fermentation and the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities tested have been described. Conclusion Two different fungal strains, endophytic F. poae FUN1 and terrestrial P. italicum FUN2, were intensively studied biologically and chemically. Four bioactive compounds (1)–(4) were isolated, and structurally confirmed by intensive studies of NMR and MS. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the fungal extracts and their delivered compounds were studied. This might be helpful for the cure of recent diseases, and drug-resistant phenomena as well as in the development of pharmaceutical, agrochemical and biochemical agents and their lead compounds.
Over 100 species of the genus Salsola are distributed in dry, arid parts of Asia, Europe and Afri... more Over 100 species of the genus Salsola are distributed in dry, arid parts of Asia, Europe and Africa, of which many species are recognised as antifungal, anticancer, antihypertensive and anthelmintic agents. Egyptian Salsola received scant characterisation of either its phytochemical composition or its biological effects. In this study, the metabolite profiles of two Salsola species viz. S. vermiculata and S. tetrandra were characterised in the aerial portions and root via ultra-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution qTOF-MS and NMR. Identified metabolites belonged to various classes including hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates, flavonoids, oxygenated fatty acids and alkaloids. Principal component analysis of derived biochemical profiles was also used for species and/or organs classification. Roots were enriched in hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates, whereas flavonoids were more abundant in aerial parts with kaempferol derivatives as major flavonoids in S. tetrandra versus quercetin in S. vermiculata. The root of S. vermiculata exhibited strong anti-acetylcholinesterase activity relative to eserine standard.
International Journal of Food Science and Technology, Jan 3, 2023
SummaryPolyphenolics are the most common class of plant‐derived natural products. They play an im... more SummaryPolyphenolics are the most common class of plant‐derived natural products. They play an important role in the protection of both plants and humans. Acylated polyphenolics, i.e., polyphenolics esterified with either phenolic or organic acids, are abundant in several plant families including Fabaceae. This review article is intended to shed light on the distribution, isolation, chemodiversity, and bioactivity of acylated polyphenolics obtained from selected fabaceous plants mentioned herein. Isolation of these metabolites was mostly performed via successive column chromatography, including preparative and semi‐preparative HPLC. Structure elucidation was achieved through interpretation of spectral data. Meanwhile, detection was chiefly accomplished via diverse liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric analyses. Compared to usual polyphenolics, these unique acylated compounds were found of higher stability and bioactivity. The current survey targets to provide a comprehensive overview of the medicinal role of acylated polyphenolics that may encourage the incorporation of fabaceous plants in pharmaceuticals.
This study comprises a comparative physico-chemical investigation of the hydrodistilled leaf vola... more This study comprises a comparative physico-chemical investigation of the hydrodistilled leaf volatiles and stem bark exudates of two Swietenia species grown in Egypt viz., Swietenia mahogani (L.) Jacq. and Swietenia macrophylla King. The physical characters were described, and chemical composition determined via chromatographic analyses (PC, GLC and GC/MS). Moreover, the antimicrobial potential of all samples was assessed and the long-term antihyperglycemic activity of gum exudates evaluated. Hydrodistilled leaf volatiles (0.15 vs. 0.10% v/dry wt. in S. mahogani and S. macrophylla, respectively) were dominated by sesquiterpenoids among which hydrocarbons prevailed (75.51 vs. 80.95%), as evidenced by GC/MS analysis. Transcaryophyllene (33.89%) dominated the S. mahogani sample and α- humulene (39.64%) that of S. macrophylla. Oxygenated constituents were minor in both, being mainly represented by sesquiterpenoids, with elemol (6.13%) as major in S. mahogani and E-nerolidol (10.18%) in ...
Drought is among the most common abiotic stresses that significantly influence plants’ growth and... more Drought is among the most common abiotic stresses that significantly influence plants’ growth and metabolic activities. In this study, Eriocephalus africanus L. (Asteraceae) was exposed to three levels of drought stress (irrigation with 75, 50, and 25% field capacity), together with foliar spraying of a plant hormone, salicylic acid (1, 2, and 3 mM SA), to observe the effect of drought stress and SA on its secondary metabolites. These growing conditions efficiently affected its total flavonoid and polyphenol contents (TFC and TPC, respectively). TFC and TPC increased by 53% and 35%, respectively, in stressed plants. Consequently, the radical scavenging activity improved by 140%. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiles of the extracts of control and stressed plants were assessed. Among identified polyphenols, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid predominated in both samples, although it was detected in a greater percentage of stressed plants. Essential oils hydro-distilled from the plants showed a higher yield...
Jatropha integerrima Jacq., family: Euphorbiaceae, is used in India and subtropical Africa to tre... more Jatropha integerrima Jacq., family: Euphorbiaceae, is used in India and subtropical Africa to treat different skin conditions. In this study we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of J. integerrima leaves extract (JILE) using rat paw edema model. The extract was administered orally (200 and 400 mg/kg) or applied topically as creams at 2.5, 5, and 10% strength. Four hours post-treatment, maximum reduction of edema volume by 63.09% was observed after oral administration of JILE (400 mg/kg) as compared to indomethacin with 60.43%. The extract anti-inflammatory effect was accompanied by a decrease in NO, prostaglandin PGE2, TNF-α and PKC levels by 19, 29.35, 16.9, and 47.83%, respectively. Additionally, topical applications of JILE showed dose dependent reduction in paw edema and resulted in normalized levels of PGE2, TNF-α, and PKC when used as 10% cream. Signs of inflammations were reduced or absent from paw tissue of animals receiving JILE either orally or topically. Finally, li...
Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) has been successfully propagated in Egypt for the commercial p... more Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) has been successfully propagated in Egypt for the commercial production of avocado fruits. Four cultivars (one pure Mexican and three Mexican-Guatemalan hybrids) were investigated for the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of their leaves' essential oils. The hydro-distilled oils from Bacon, Duke, Ettinger and Pinkerton cultivars were analyzed using Gas Chromatography/ Mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and Gas Chromatography/ Flame Ionization Detector (GC/FID). Total of 20 compounds were identified with estragole, methyl eugenol and -pinene as the major constituents. Chemometric analysis performed on the GC/FID data indicated close similarity between the essential oils of Bacon and Ettinger cultivars, while that of the Duke cultivar was the most distant. This classification was further supported by comparative DNA fingerprinting using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Essential oils of all cultivars had no antifungal acti...
Received on: 01.09.2018 Revised on: 26.12.2018 Accepted on: 28.12.2018 Jatropha is a large euphor... more Received on: 01.09.2018 Revised on: 26.12.2018 Accepted on: 28.12.2018 Jatropha is a large euphorbiaceous genus of tropical and subtropical distribution. Several species are used as traditional remedies for mouth sores, diarrhoea and skin diseases. This study aimed to estimate the amount of phenolic components in correlation to the antioxidant potential of the leaves of four Jatropha species acclimatised in Egypt. The plant material was subjected to determination of pharmacopoeial standards (ash values, moisture and crude fibre contents) and macronutrients (fat, protein and carbohydrates) for the establishment of reliable quality control criteria. Quantitation of phenolic compounds was performed spectrophotometrically and DPPH radical scavenging assay applied for in-vitro assessment of anti-oxidant activity. Quality control parameters differed among the analysed samples; total and water-soluble ash values were distinctly higher in Jatropha curcas and crude fibres in J. gossypifolia ...
Hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) amides are found in many higher plants mainly in the reproductive orga... more Hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) amides are found in many higher plants mainly in the reproductive organs [l, 23. It was suggested that they play a physiological role in flowering [3, 41 and have antiviral [S] and antibiotic properties [6]. Many reviews concerning HCA amides described their broad structure variation from simple phenolic amides to complex macrocyclic polyamine alk- aloids [l, 7, 81. The Solanaceae are rich in HCA amide- containing species such as
The prevalence of hepatic diseases globally and in Egypt particularly necessitates an intensive s... more The prevalence of hepatic diseases globally and in Egypt particularly necessitates an intensive search for natural hepatoprotective candidates. Despite the traditional use of Chrysophyllum oliviforme L. and C. cainito L. leaves in the treatment of certain ailments, evidence-based reports on their bioactivities are limited. In this work, in vivo and in silico studies were conducted to evaluate their methanol extracts potential to alleviate liver damage in CCl4-intoxicated rats, in addition to their antioxidant activity and identifying the molecular mechanisms of their phenolic constituents. The extracts restored the altered total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), alanine aminotransferase ALT, aspartate aminotransferase AST, total protein, and albumin. Histopathological architecture, DNA fragmentation, and mRNA expression level of TGF-β1 also confirmed the anti-fibrotic activity of the two extracts. The total phenolic content (TPC) in C. oliviforme...
Aim/Background: To assess the liver antifibrotic action of ethanolic extract of aerial parts of S... more Aim/Background: To assess the liver antifibrotic action of ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Solanum villosum Mill subsp. miniatum (Bernh. ex Willd.) (SVE) and correlate this activity with its high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight (HPLC-qTOF) Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (ESIMS) phytochemical profile. Materials and Methods: The median lethal dose of SVE was determined, and a rat model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis was used to evaluate its antifibrotic activity. Markers for hepatotoxicity, fibrosis, and oxidative stress were assessed, and histopathological features of liver tissues were examined. Metabolite profiling of SVE was achieved via HPLC-qTOF-ESIMS coupled with Photodiode array (PDA). Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by oral administration of CCl4for 6 weeks. Silymarin (positive control) and SVE (100 and 250 mg/kg) were orally administered daily for 6 weeks. Results: Compared to CCl4-intoxicated group, administration of SVE obviously ameliorated fibrosis of the hepatic capsule associated with aggregation of multiple focal fat cells formation. Both silymarin and SVE ameliorated the rise in serum markers of hepatotoxicity (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase), markedly attenuated CCl4-induced oxidative stress. The antifibrotic activity of SVE was evidenced by inhibiting the rise in hepatic hydroxyproline content and accumulation of collagen. This was confirmed by the ability of SVE to inhibit alterations in expression of the fibrosis-related genes Collagen Iα, matrixmetalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-2, and transforming growth factor beta 1. HPLC-qTOF-ESIMS analysis of SVE revealed the presence of 47 metabolites, among which 33 were tentatively identified. Conclusion: SVE exhibited hepatoprotective and antifibrotic activities in rats by enhancing the antioxidant capacity and regulating expression of fibrogenic mediators.
Purpose The investigation of two fungal strains isolated from Egyptian habitats, namely, the endo... more Purpose The investigation of two fungal strains isolated from Egyptian habitats, namely, the endophytic Fusarium poae FUN1 and the terrestrial Penicillium italicum FUN2 to illustrate their chemical constituents and their bioactivities. Materials and methods See General instrumental procedures. Results Linoleic acid (1), indole-3-acetic acid methyl ester (2) and Nb-acetyltryptamine (3) were produced by F. poae FUN1, whereas P. italicum FUN2 also delivered linoleic acid (1) in addition to cis-cyclo-(prolyl,valyl) (4). The structures of compounds (1)–(4) were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR, MS data and through comparison with literature reports. In this article, the taxonomical characterization of both fungal strains, their upscale fermentation and the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities tested have been described. Conclusion Two different fungal strains, endophytic F. poae FUN1 and terrestrial P. italicum FUN2, were intensively studied biologically and chemically. Four bioactive compounds (1)–(4) were isolated, and structurally confirmed by intensive studies of NMR and MS. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the fungal extracts and their delivered compounds were studied. This might be helpful for the cure of recent diseases, and drug-resistant phenomena as well as in the development of pharmaceutical, agrochemical and biochemical agents and their lead compounds.
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Papers by Soheir El Zalabani