A heroic castellan and his kin - The Bákai family in medieval Hungary
The paper discusses the his... more A heroic castellan and his kin - The Bákai family in medieval Hungary The paper discusses the history of the Bákai family from Szabolcs County during the 14-15th centuries. The first sources portray them as ones being the entrusted members of the local nobility (usually as royal men or as noble judges), however, some family members managed to establish a career as familiares in the service of prestigious baronial families (e.g. the Várdais, the Cudars, the Horvátis and John Maróti) as well. The highest office-holder was Gregory of Báka (the castellan of Haram) who participated in a successful hit-and-run raid to Bulgaria in the retinue of Nicolas Csáki, the ispán of Temes in 1400. Even though none of the Bákais could climb higher on the social ladder, mostly due to the political circumstances, the accounts from the mid-15th century evidently prove that the family and its members – whose genealogy could be extended in many ways – still played an active role in the local noble community during the late Middle Ages.
Politics and Society in Central and South-East Europe Vol. II., 2019
The paper intends to highlight the military and political roles of Nicolas Csáki and Nicolas Marc... more The paper intends to highlight the military and political roles of Nicolas Csáki and Nicolas Marcali – the ispáns of Temes (1394–1402) – in the history of the Hungarian Kingdom between 1399 and 1401 through the collection of the relevant primary sources and the reconstruction of the itinerary of the two dignitaries in the given period. Based on our systematic investigation, it was revealed that their military activities were not limited to the organisation of defence, but they also led short and successful campaigns to the Balkans, for instance, to the territory of Bulgaria at the end of 1400. As far as their political role is concerned, the presence of Csáki and Marcali can also be detected in each important event before and during the critical months of the coup against King Sigismund in 1401. Despite having been favoured by the monarch previously, it seems apparent that they cooperated with rebellious John Kanizsai, the Archbishop of Esztergom. The paper tries to offer an explanation for their motivation. Given the circumstances, it is necessary to evaluate the appointment of Csáki and Marcali to the voivodeship of Transylvania in January 1402 from a different perspective.
As medieval sources of the southern Great Hungarian Plain are scarce and limited, every little cr... more As medieval sources of the southern Great Hungarian Plain are scarce and limited, every little crumbs of information should be cherished by the researcher. is is especially true, when one stumbles upon an especially rare type of medieval source related to the region, which, in our case, is the registry of the revenues and expenses of the Sződi manor in Arad County obtained by Gersei Pető János and György from 1506/07. e luckily survived document from 1517/18, according to which the castellan of the manor was able to record 335 forints of revenues, provides a great insight into the nature of the incomes and the forms of revenue utilizations in the late Middle Ages. We can observe expenses ranging from Pető János and his family's personal expenses, through the costs of running the manor, the cookhouse, the salary of the retinue and other military expenses to the purchases of various types of simple clothes. e analysis of the registry is preceded by the summary of how the Gerseis gained a foothold in the region which intends to highlight the steps and the circumstances of the acquisition of the possessions known as the former Pósa estates. Also, while investigating the actual size of the Sződi manor and the southern assets, the study attempts to examine the Gerseis' relationship with their lay and clerical, prestigious and less signi cant local neighbours as well.
The article discusses the history of a medieval noble mansion in Sződi (Arad County). Physically ... more The article discusses the history of a medieval noble mansion in Sződi (Arad County). Physically very little remained from the building in situ, but the written accounts enable us to reconstruct some details about the past of the mansion built by the Szeri Pósafi family during the first half of the 14th century.
This paper presents the biographies of two locally esteemed noble families residing in the mediev... more This paper presents the biographies of two locally esteemed noble families residing in the medieval Temesköz region: the Oszláris (otherwise called of Pelbárthida) and the Porazfalvis. Besides including the traditional elements of family history – e.g. the reconstruction of genealogical trees and the landed wealth –, we were fortunate enough to extend the investigation to a socio-historical level as well. The careers (e.g. office holdings, retinue services) and the marriage patterns of the four most outstanding members of the two families – Laurence and Paul of Oszlár, Mark and Nicolas of Porazfalva – exemplify the different horizons of the so-called nobility of middling wealth to which both families belonged to, nevertheless, to the two ends of it. Considering the political aspect of the Oszláris’ biography, however, it may add further details to the history of the 1403 events in the region.
As medieval sources of the southern Great Hungarian Plain are scarce and limited, every little cr... more As medieval sources of the southern Great Hungarian Plain are scarce and limited, every little crumbs of information should be cherished by the researcher. This is especially true, when one stumbles upon an especially rare type of medieval source related to the region, which, in our case, is the registry of the revenues and expenses of the Sződi manor in Arad County obtained by Gersei Pető János and György from 1506/07. The luckily survived document from 1517/18, according to which the castellan of the manor was able to record 335 forints of revenues, provides a great insight into the nature of the incomes and the forms of revenue utilizations ranging from Pető János and his family’s personal expenses, through the costs of running the manor, the cookhouse, the salary of the retinue and other military expenses to the purchases of various types of simple clothes. The analysis of the registry is preceded by the summary of how the Gerseis gained a foothold in the region which intends to highlight the steps and the circumstances of the acquisition of the possessions known as the former Pósafi estates. Also, while investigating the actual size of the Sződi manor and the southern assets, the study attempts to examine the Gerseis’ relationship with their lay and clerical, prestigious and less significant local neighbours as well.
The paper focuses on the career, the origin and the family history of Pál, the bishop of Tinnin (... more The paper focuses on the career, the origin and the family history of Pál, the bishop of Tinnin (Knin) (1373-1396). The author confirms that he was identical with the provost of Szeben (1358-1373) and extends our knowledge about Pál by discovering new data which show an outstanding ecclesiastical career beginning in the 1350s, culminating in receiving the Episcopal rank. The study also discusses the previously unknown family background of Pál and reveals that he was the member of the Tiszai family from Csongrád County. The author proves that the family descended from the Bár-Kalán kindred, clarifying that the so-called Szeri-line of the clan consisted of three rather than two families (the Pósafis, the Ellősis and the Tiszais). Interestingly enough, from the 15th century onwards the cousins of Pál are no longer called Tiszai, but Győi after a village (today Felgyő in Csongrád County) where they most probably lived. The paper briefly describes the life of the members of the Tiszai/Győi family and besides the archontologic, and genealogic results it also contributes to the better understanding of the medieval history of some villages in Csongrád County.
Elek Szaszkó: The Seal Usage of the Szeri Pósafis. Remarks on the Coat of Arms of the Bár-Kalán C... more Elek Szaszkó: The Seal Usage of the Szeri Pósafis. Remarks on the Coat of Arms of the Bár-Kalán Clan.
The author revises the work of József Csoma published in 1904 by discovering new data. Despite of the methodological problems of Csoma, Szaszkó sees the following statement referring to the Szeri Pósafis’ coat-of-arms as proved: one of the noble families of the medieval Southern-Plain used a rearing lion that emerges from a crescent moon as its coat of arms. It has to be mentioned that it is ambiguous whether this coat of arms can be the same as the one used by their former clan, the Bár-Kaláns in the 13th century. He offers two hypothetical solutions: first he mentions the possibility of the coat of arms reconstruction describing
a crescent moon, and then he gives arguments well-known from the professional literature for the lion in the coat of arms.
Elek Szaszkó: Contribution to the History of Krassó County, the
Medieval Archontology of the Cou... more Elek Szaszkó: Contribution to the History of Krassó County, the
Medieval Archontology of the County (1319–1439).
The study discusses the archontology of Krassó County in the South-Eastern part of medieval Hungary. The functioning of the county can be traced only until 1439. New facts (mainly making corrections to the years of functions, although in some cases a new name is added to the list of bailiffs) could be added to the
already existing facts referring to bailiffs and vice-bailiffs researched earlier by Pál Engel. The sheriffs missing from Engel’s works are included and their number also became cleared. Similarly to the majority of the Hungarian counties, the county functioned with four sheriffs.
The presentation intends to highlight the contributions of Nicolas Csáki and Nicolas Marcali to t... more The presentation intends to highlight the contributions of Nicolas Csáki and Nicolas Marcali to the realm between 1399 and 1401 as ispáns of Temes. Being amongst the chief beneficiaries of King Sigismund’s donation and appointment policy during the 1390s, the reconstruction of their itinerary in the given period gives the opportunity to have a deeper insight into their local, military and political tasks and activities. For instance, in the shadow of the Ottoman threat, it is not surprising to see them dealing with the issues related to the matter, either locally or militarily. However, their activities were not limited to the organization of the defences, but it seems that they led a short and successful campaign to the territory of Bulgaria at the end of 1400 as well. Concerning their political role, their presence can also be detected in all important events during the critical months of the coup against King Sigismund in 1401. Although they became the members of the Council of the Prelates and Barons, it looks that, at this time, they were on the platform of the restoration of the monarch’s power.
A heroic castellan and his kin - The Bákai family in medieval Hungary
The paper discusses the his... more A heroic castellan and his kin - The Bákai family in medieval Hungary The paper discusses the history of the Bákai family from Szabolcs County during the 14-15th centuries. The first sources portray them as ones being the entrusted members of the local nobility (usually as royal men or as noble judges), however, some family members managed to establish a career as familiares in the service of prestigious baronial families (e.g. the Várdais, the Cudars, the Horvátis and John Maróti) as well. The highest office-holder was Gregory of Báka (the castellan of Haram) who participated in a successful hit-and-run raid to Bulgaria in the retinue of Nicolas Csáki, the ispán of Temes in 1400. Even though none of the Bákais could climb higher on the social ladder, mostly due to the political circumstances, the accounts from the mid-15th century evidently prove that the family and its members – whose genealogy could be extended in many ways – still played an active role in the local noble community during the late Middle Ages.
Politics and Society in Central and South-East Europe Vol. II., 2019
The paper intends to highlight the military and political roles of Nicolas Csáki and Nicolas Marc... more The paper intends to highlight the military and political roles of Nicolas Csáki and Nicolas Marcali – the ispáns of Temes (1394–1402) – in the history of the Hungarian Kingdom between 1399 and 1401 through the collection of the relevant primary sources and the reconstruction of the itinerary of the two dignitaries in the given period. Based on our systematic investigation, it was revealed that their military activities were not limited to the organisation of defence, but they also led short and successful campaigns to the Balkans, for instance, to the territory of Bulgaria at the end of 1400. As far as their political role is concerned, the presence of Csáki and Marcali can also be detected in each important event before and during the critical months of the coup against King Sigismund in 1401. Despite having been favoured by the monarch previously, it seems apparent that they cooperated with rebellious John Kanizsai, the Archbishop of Esztergom. The paper tries to offer an explanation for their motivation. Given the circumstances, it is necessary to evaluate the appointment of Csáki and Marcali to the voivodeship of Transylvania in January 1402 from a different perspective.
As medieval sources of the southern Great Hungarian Plain are scarce and limited, every little cr... more As medieval sources of the southern Great Hungarian Plain are scarce and limited, every little crumbs of information should be cherished by the researcher. is is especially true, when one stumbles upon an especially rare type of medieval source related to the region, which, in our case, is the registry of the revenues and expenses of the Sződi manor in Arad County obtained by Gersei Pető János and György from 1506/07. e luckily survived document from 1517/18, according to which the castellan of the manor was able to record 335 forints of revenues, provides a great insight into the nature of the incomes and the forms of revenue utilizations in the late Middle Ages. We can observe expenses ranging from Pető János and his family's personal expenses, through the costs of running the manor, the cookhouse, the salary of the retinue and other military expenses to the purchases of various types of simple clothes. e analysis of the registry is preceded by the summary of how the Gerseis gained a foothold in the region which intends to highlight the steps and the circumstances of the acquisition of the possessions known as the former Pósa estates. Also, while investigating the actual size of the Sződi manor and the southern assets, the study attempts to examine the Gerseis' relationship with their lay and clerical, prestigious and less signi cant local neighbours as well.
The article discusses the history of a medieval noble mansion in Sződi (Arad County). Physically ... more The article discusses the history of a medieval noble mansion in Sződi (Arad County). Physically very little remained from the building in situ, but the written accounts enable us to reconstruct some details about the past of the mansion built by the Szeri Pósafi family during the first half of the 14th century.
This paper presents the biographies of two locally esteemed noble families residing in the mediev... more This paper presents the biographies of two locally esteemed noble families residing in the medieval Temesköz region: the Oszláris (otherwise called of Pelbárthida) and the Porazfalvis. Besides including the traditional elements of family history – e.g. the reconstruction of genealogical trees and the landed wealth –, we were fortunate enough to extend the investigation to a socio-historical level as well. The careers (e.g. office holdings, retinue services) and the marriage patterns of the four most outstanding members of the two families – Laurence and Paul of Oszlár, Mark and Nicolas of Porazfalva – exemplify the different horizons of the so-called nobility of middling wealth to which both families belonged to, nevertheless, to the two ends of it. Considering the political aspect of the Oszláris’ biography, however, it may add further details to the history of the 1403 events in the region.
As medieval sources of the southern Great Hungarian Plain are scarce and limited, every little cr... more As medieval sources of the southern Great Hungarian Plain are scarce and limited, every little crumbs of information should be cherished by the researcher. This is especially true, when one stumbles upon an especially rare type of medieval source related to the region, which, in our case, is the registry of the revenues and expenses of the Sződi manor in Arad County obtained by Gersei Pető János and György from 1506/07. The luckily survived document from 1517/18, according to which the castellan of the manor was able to record 335 forints of revenues, provides a great insight into the nature of the incomes and the forms of revenue utilizations ranging from Pető János and his family’s personal expenses, through the costs of running the manor, the cookhouse, the salary of the retinue and other military expenses to the purchases of various types of simple clothes. The analysis of the registry is preceded by the summary of how the Gerseis gained a foothold in the region which intends to highlight the steps and the circumstances of the acquisition of the possessions known as the former Pósafi estates. Also, while investigating the actual size of the Sződi manor and the southern assets, the study attempts to examine the Gerseis’ relationship with their lay and clerical, prestigious and less significant local neighbours as well.
The paper focuses on the career, the origin and the family history of Pál, the bishop of Tinnin (... more The paper focuses on the career, the origin and the family history of Pál, the bishop of Tinnin (Knin) (1373-1396). The author confirms that he was identical with the provost of Szeben (1358-1373) and extends our knowledge about Pál by discovering new data which show an outstanding ecclesiastical career beginning in the 1350s, culminating in receiving the Episcopal rank. The study also discusses the previously unknown family background of Pál and reveals that he was the member of the Tiszai family from Csongrád County. The author proves that the family descended from the Bár-Kalán kindred, clarifying that the so-called Szeri-line of the clan consisted of three rather than two families (the Pósafis, the Ellősis and the Tiszais). Interestingly enough, from the 15th century onwards the cousins of Pál are no longer called Tiszai, but Győi after a village (today Felgyő in Csongrád County) where they most probably lived. The paper briefly describes the life of the members of the Tiszai/Győi family and besides the archontologic, and genealogic results it also contributes to the better understanding of the medieval history of some villages in Csongrád County.
Elek Szaszkó: The Seal Usage of the Szeri Pósafis. Remarks on the Coat of Arms of the Bár-Kalán C... more Elek Szaszkó: The Seal Usage of the Szeri Pósafis. Remarks on the Coat of Arms of the Bár-Kalán Clan.
The author revises the work of József Csoma published in 1904 by discovering new data. Despite of the methodological problems of Csoma, Szaszkó sees the following statement referring to the Szeri Pósafis’ coat-of-arms as proved: one of the noble families of the medieval Southern-Plain used a rearing lion that emerges from a crescent moon as its coat of arms. It has to be mentioned that it is ambiguous whether this coat of arms can be the same as the one used by their former clan, the Bár-Kaláns in the 13th century. He offers two hypothetical solutions: first he mentions the possibility of the coat of arms reconstruction describing
a crescent moon, and then he gives arguments well-known from the professional literature for the lion in the coat of arms.
Elek Szaszkó: Contribution to the History of Krassó County, the
Medieval Archontology of the Cou... more Elek Szaszkó: Contribution to the History of Krassó County, the
Medieval Archontology of the County (1319–1439).
The study discusses the archontology of Krassó County in the South-Eastern part of medieval Hungary. The functioning of the county can be traced only until 1439. New facts (mainly making corrections to the years of functions, although in some cases a new name is added to the list of bailiffs) could be added to the
already existing facts referring to bailiffs and vice-bailiffs researched earlier by Pál Engel. The sheriffs missing from Engel’s works are included and their number also became cleared. Similarly to the majority of the Hungarian counties, the county functioned with four sheriffs.
The presentation intends to highlight the contributions of Nicolas Csáki and Nicolas Marcali to t... more The presentation intends to highlight the contributions of Nicolas Csáki and Nicolas Marcali to the realm between 1399 and 1401 as ispáns of Temes. Being amongst the chief beneficiaries of King Sigismund’s donation and appointment policy during the 1390s, the reconstruction of their itinerary in the given period gives the opportunity to have a deeper insight into their local, military and political tasks and activities. For instance, in the shadow of the Ottoman threat, it is not surprising to see them dealing with the issues related to the matter, either locally or militarily. However, their activities were not limited to the organization of the defences, but it seems that they led a short and successful campaign to the territory of Bulgaria at the end of 1400 as well. Concerning their political role, their presence can also be detected in all important events during the critical months of the coup against King Sigismund in 1401. Although they became the members of the Council of the Prelates and Barons, it looks that, at this time, they were on the platform of the restoration of the monarch’s power.
A címben szereplő kérdésfeltevés önmagában nem tűnik jogosnak, hiszen a középkori megyei hatóságo... more A címben szereplő kérdésfeltevés önmagában nem tűnik jogosnak, hiszen a középkori megyei hatóságok kettő vagy négy szolgabíróval működtek. Ami miatt mégis érdemes körbejárni a problémát Krassó esetében az az, hogy jelen ismereteink szerint a középkori Magyarországon egyedülálló módon ebben az egy megyében változott meg a hatóság létszáma a működés ideje alatt. Az előadás egyrészt ennek a hátterét járja körül, másrészt az épen maradt szolgabírói pecsétek felhasználásával olyan események is bemutatásra kerülnek a megye életéből, mint egy ispánváltás körülményei, illetve egyes szolgabírák azonosítása és működési évköreinek meghatározása.
Az Ópusztaszeri Nemzeti Történeti Emlékpark tisztelettel meghívja Önt a " Kik imádkozhattak itten... more Az Ópusztaszeri Nemzeti Történeti Emlékpark tisztelettel meghívja Önt a " Kik imádkozhattak itten elsőbben " Monasztikus épületek és építőik a középkori Magyarországon című konferenciára 2017. augusztus 19.
The presentation intends to review the present state of knowledge about the Szeri Pósafis’ coat-o... more The presentation intends to review the present state of knowledge about the Szeri Pósafis’ coat-of-arms. The heraldic symbol of the family is not unidentified as it was published in 1904 by József Csoma, however, the discovery of new data requires the revision of his conclusion. Despite the methodological problems of Csoma, the following statement referring to the Szeri Pósafis’ coat-of-arms can be confirmed: the family used a rearing lion that emerges from a crescent moon as its coat of arms. This result basically relies on two relatively well preserved seals of the family members from the 15th century, which enabled the reconstruction of their heraldic symbol. Although the concept of Csoma about the family’s coat-of-arms has been verified, it has to be mentioned that it is ambiguous whether it can be the same as the one used by their former clan, the Bár-Kaláns in the 13th century. Notwithstanding, further data enable us to offer two hypothetical solutions to their symbol: firstly, the image of a crescent moon, and secondly the depiction of a lion well-known from the literature.
Uploads
The paper discusses the history of the Bákai family from Szabolcs County during the 14-15th centuries. The first sources portray them as
ones being the entrusted members of the local nobility (usually as royal men or as noble judges), however, some family members managed
to establish a career as familiares in the service of prestigious baronial families (e.g. the Várdais, the Cudars, the Horvátis and John
Maróti) as well. The highest office-holder was Gregory of Báka (the castellan of Haram) who participated in a successful hit-and-run raid
to Bulgaria in the retinue of Nicolas Csáki, the ispán of Temes in 1400. Even though none of the Bákais could climb higher on the social
ladder, mostly due to the political circumstances, the accounts from the mid-15th century evidently prove that the family and its members
– whose genealogy could be extended in many ways – still played an active role in the local noble community during the late Middle Ages.
event before and during the critical months of the coup against King Sigismund in 1401. Despite having been favoured by the monarch previously, it seems apparent that they cooperated with rebellious John
Kanizsai, the Archbishop of Esztergom. The paper tries to offer an explanation for their motivation. Given the circumstances, it is necessary to evaluate the appointment of Csáki and Marcali to the voivodeship of
Transylvania in January 1402 from a different perspective.
County obtained by Gersei Pető János and György from 1506/07. The luckily survived document from 1517/18, according to which the castellan of the manor was able to record 335 forints of revenues, provides a great insight into the nature of the incomes and the forms
of revenue utilizations ranging from Pető János and his family’s personal expenses, through the costs of running the manor, the cookhouse, the salary of the retinue and other military expenses to the purchases of various types of simple clothes. The analysis of the registry is preceded by the summary of how the Gerseis gained a foothold in the region which intends to highlight the steps and the circumstances of the acquisition of the possessions known as the former Pósafi estates. Also, while investigating the actual size of the Sződi manor and the southern assets, the study attempts to examine the Gerseis’ relationship with their lay and clerical, prestigious and less significant local neighbours as well.
The author revises the work of József Csoma published in 1904 by discovering new data. Despite of the methodological problems of Csoma, Szaszkó sees the following statement referring to the Szeri Pósafis’ coat-of-arms as proved: one of the noble families of the medieval Southern-Plain used a rearing lion that emerges from a crescent moon as its coat of arms. It has to be mentioned that it is ambiguous whether this coat of arms can be the same as the one used by their former clan, the Bár-Kaláns in the 13th century. He offers two hypothetical solutions: first he mentions the possibility of the coat of arms reconstruction describing
a crescent moon, and then he gives arguments well-known from the professional literature for the lion in the coat of arms.
Medieval Archontology of the County (1319–1439).
The study discusses the archontology of Krassó County in the South-Eastern part of medieval Hungary. The functioning of the county can be traced only until 1439. New facts (mainly making corrections to the years of functions, although in some cases a new name is added to the list of bailiffs) could be added to the
already existing facts referring to bailiffs and vice-bailiffs researched earlier by Pál Engel. The sheriffs missing from Engel’s works are included and their number also became cleared. Similarly to the majority of the Hungarian counties, the county functioned with four sheriffs.
The paper discusses the history of the Bákai family from Szabolcs County during the 14-15th centuries. The first sources portray them as
ones being the entrusted members of the local nobility (usually as royal men or as noble judges), however, some family members managed
to establish a career as familiares in the service of prestigious baronial families (e.g. the Várdais, the Cudars, the Horvátis and John
Maróti) as well. The highest office-holder was Gregory of Báka (the castellan of Haram) who participated in a successful hit-and-run raid
to Bulgaria in the retinue of Nicolas Csáki, the ispán of Temes in 1400. Even though none of the Bákais could climb higher on the social
ladder, mostly due to the political circumstances, the accounts from the mid-15th century evidently prove that the family and its members
– whose genealogy could be extended in many ways – still played an active role in the local noble community during the late Middle Ages.
event before and during the critical months of the coup against King Sigismund in 1401. Despite having been favoured by the monarch previously, it seems apparent that they cooperated with rebellious John
Kanizsai, the Archbishop of Esztergom. The paper tries to offer an explanation for their motivation. Given the circumstances, it is necessary to evaluate the appointment of Csáki and Marcali to the voivodeship of
Transylvania in January 1402 from a different perspective.
County obtained by Gersei Pető János and György from 1506/07. The luckily survived document from 1517/18, according to which the castellan of the manor was able to record 335 forints of revenues, provides a great insight into the nature of the incomes and the forms
of revenue utilizations ranging from Pető János and his family’s personal expenses, through the costs of running the manor, the cookhouse, the salary of the retinue and other military expenses to the purchases of various types of simple clothes. The analysis of the registry is preceded by the summary of how the Gerseis gained a foothold in the region which intends to highlight the steps and the circumstances of the acquisition of the possessions known as the former Pósafi estates. Also, while investigating the actual size of the Sződi manor and the southern assets, the study attempts to examine the Gerseis’ relationship with their lay and clerical, prestigious and less significant local neighbours as well.
The author revises the work of József Csoma published in 1904 by discovering new data. Despite of the methodological problems of Csoma, Szaszkó sees the following statement referring to the Szeri Pósafis’ coat-of-arms as proved: one of the noble families of the medieval Southern-Plain used a rearing lion that emerges from a crescent moon as its coat of arms. It has to be mentioned that it is ambiguous whether this coat of arms can be the same as the one used by their former clan, the Bár-Kaláns in the 13th century. He offers two hypothetical solutions: first he mentions the possibility of the coat of arms reconstruction describing
a crescent moon, and then he gives arguments well-known from the professional literature for the lion in the coat of arms.
Medieval Archontology of the County (1319–1439).
The study discusses the archontology of Krassó County in the South-Eastern part of medieval Hungary. The functioning of the county can be traced only until 1439. New facts (mainly making corrections to the years of functions, although in some cases a new name is added to the list of bailiffs) could be added to the
already existing facts referring to bailiffs and vice-bailiffs researched earlier by Pál Engel. The sheriffs missing from Engel’s works are included and their number also became cleared. Similarly to the majority of the Hungarian counties, the county functioned with four sheriffs.
2017. augusztus 19.