The canine filarial parasite Dirofilaria immitis has not been reported in Brazil´s Amazonas state... more The canine filarial parasite Dirofilaria immitis has not been reported in Brazil´s Amazonas state capital, Manaus, for over a century. Here, we report one imported and 27 autochthonous D. immitis infections from a microfilarial survey of 766 domestic dog blood samples collected between 2017 and 2021 in Manaus. An Overall prevalence estimate of 15.44% (23/149) was calculated from our two rural collection sites; a prevalence of 1.22% (4/328) was estimated at our periurban collection site, and an overall prevalence of 0.35% (1/289) was calculated from our two urban clinic collections. Our data suggest that in the urban areas of Manaus, where the parasites are very likely vectored by the same species of mosquito that historically vectored Wuchereria bancrofti (Culex quinquefasciatus), prevalence levels are very low and possibly maintained by an influx from rural areas where sylvatic reservoirs and/or more favorable vector transmission dynamics maintain high prevalences.
FIGURE 11. Atrichopogon riopardensis sp. nov. Female. A. Wing; B. Scutum, scutellum dorsal view; ... more FIGURE 11. Atrichopogon riopardensis sp. nov. Female. A. Wing; B. Scutum, scutellum dorsal view; C. Spermatheca; D. Abdomen, ventral view; E. Fore, mid- and hind legs (left to right), lateral view.
FIGURE 5. Atrichopogon janseni sp. nov. Female. A. Head, anterior view; B. Antenna; C. Eyes separ... more FIGURE 5. Atrichopogon janseni sp. nov. Female. A. Head, anterior view; B. Antenna; C. Eyes separation, anterior view; D. Maxillary palpus E. Third palpal segment.
FIGURE 13. Atrichopogon sergioluzi sp. nov. Male. A. Wing; B- Thorax, lateral view; C. Scutum, sc... more FIGURE 13. Atrichopogon sergioluzi sp. nov. Male. A. Wing; B- Thorax, lateral view; C. Scutum, scutellum and postscutellum, dorsal view; D. Mid, fore and hind legs (left to right), lateral view.
FIGURE 3. Atrichopogon janseni sp. nov. Male. A Wing with patch of pigmentation, showing venation... more FIGURE 3. Atrichopogon janseni sp. nov. Male. A Wing with patch of pigmentation, showing venations and cells; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Fore, mid- and hind legs (left to right), lateral view.
Projeto CT-Amazonia CNPq/FAPEAM - Risco de doencas transmitidas por vetores na Amazonia Central: ... more Projeto CT-Amazonia CNPq/FAPEAM - Risco de doencas transmitidas por vetores na Amazonia Central: efeito do desmatamento e da densidade populacional humana
Three new species of Atrichopogon with spotted wings of the family Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Culi... more Three new species of Atrichopogon with spotted wings of the family Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha) from the Amazonas State of Brazil are described and illustrated. Male and female specimens of Atrichopogon janseni sp. nov., A. riopardensis sp. nov., and A. sergioluzi sp. nov. were associated by wing pigmentation patterns: with two darker spots, one over r-m and the other one in cell r3, posterior to the apex of R3. Male A. janseni sp. nov. have tergite 9 that is 2.5 × as broad as long, not extending to the apex of gonocoxite, and sternite 9 stout, sub-trapezoidal, with distal margin with a row of stout spines; gonostylus of A. janseni sp. nov. is spatulate, with distinct middle notch. Atrichopogon riopardensis sp. nov. is separated from other species with similar wing patterns and forked gonostylus, with gonostylus forked near midlength, with longitudinal furrow, inner portion short and fingernail-like, outer portion elongate and apically curved directed mesally; outer porti...
The extent to which pre-Columbian societies altered Amazonian landscapes is hotly debated. We per... more The extent to which pre-Columbian societies altered Amazonian landscapes is hotly debated. We performed a basin-wide analysis of pre-Columbian impacts on Amazonian forests by overlaying known archaeological sites in Amazonia with the distributions and abundances of 85 woody species domesticated by pre-Columbian peoples. Domesticated species are five times more likely than nondomesticated species to be hyperdominant. Across the basin, the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species increase in forests on and around archaeological sites. In southwestern and eastern Amazonia, distance to archaeological sites strongly influences the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species. Our analyses indicate that modern tree communities in Amazonia are structured to an important extent by a long history of plant domestication by Amazonian peoples.
In a time of rapid global change, the question of what determines patterns in species abundance d... more In a time of rapid global change, the question of what determines patterns in species abundance distribution remains a priority for understanding the complex dynamics of ecosystems. The constrained maximization of information entropy provides a framework for the understanding of such complex systems dynamics by a quantitative analysis of important constraints via predictions using least biased probability distributions. We apply it to over two thousand hectares of Amazonian tree inventories across seven forest types and thirteen functional traits, representing major global axes of plant strategies. Results show that constraints formed by regional relative abundances of genera explain almost ten times more of local relative abundances than constraints based on either directional or stabilizing selection for specific functional traits, although the latter does show clear signals of environmental dependency. These results provide a quantitative insight by inference from large-scale dat...
FIGURE 8. Atrichopogon riopardensis sp. nov. Male. A. Wing; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Fore, mid... more FIGURE 8. Atrichopogon riopardensis sp. nov. Male. A. Wing; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Fore, mid- and hind legs (right to left), lateral view; D. Scutum, scutellum and postscutellum, dorsal view.
<i>Atrichopogon janseni</i> Pessoa &amp; Farias sp. nov. (Figs. 2 A–E; 3 A–C; 4 A... more <i>Atrichopogon janseni</i> Pessoa &amp; Farias sp. nov. (Figs. 2 A–E; 3 A–C; 4 A–G; 5 A–E; 6 A–E) <b>Diagnosis</b>. Male. Only extant species of <i>Atrichopogon</i> with pigmented wings in the Neotropical region with gonostylus not forked, spatulate in distal 2/3, with distinct middle notch and quadratic apex. Female. Without good characteristic features: wing with two distinct darker spots; flagellomeres 1–8 more darker than flagellomeres 9–13; genitalia medium brown; spermatheca single, without neck, small and ovoid. <b>Male</b>. Head brown (Fig. 2A); head width/mouth part length 2.60–2.90 (2.75, n = 2). Ommatidia with interfacet pubescence; broadly abutting medially for length of 3.00–3.40 (3.2, n = 2) ommatidia (Fig. 2D). Antenna medium brown, proportions of flagellomeres as in Figure 2B; flagellomeres 2–10 fused; flagellomeres 1–9 dark brown with well-developed plumes; 10–13 medium brown without plume setae; 9th flagellomere 0.65 times shorter than flagellomere 10; flagellomere 13 with apical projection slightly constricted basally.AR 0.92 (0.92, n = 2). Palpus medium brown (Figs. 2C, E); third segment short to moderately elongated, swollen at mid-length, with well-developed subapical pit; segments 4 and 5 separate. PRIII 2.60 (2.60, n = 2). Thorax dark brown (Fig. 3B). Scutum with setae arising directly from surface, with lateral suture. Paratergite with one seta. Anepisternum well-developed, broadly bilobed posteriorly. Wing (Fig. 3A) with patch of pigmentation in area of r-m and posterior to apex of R 3; few macrotrichiae on membrane in apical portion of r 3, m 1; wing length 0.80–0.82 (0.81, n = 2) mm. CR 0.63 (0.63, n = 2). Halter pale. Legs yellow brown (Fig. 3C); coxae, trochanter, and basal portion of femora lighter; hind tibial spur shorter than width of hind tibia, hind tibial comb with 9 spines. TRI 3.07 (n = 1), TRII 3.15 (n = 1), and TRIII 2.57 (n = 1); empodia present. Abdomen brown (Fig. 4A). Segments 1-6 with lateral dark marks. Terminalia dark brown, large (Figs. 4B, C); tergite 9 about 2.5 [...]
FIGURE 12. Atrichopogon sergioluzi sp. nov. Male. A. Head, anterior view; B. Antenna; C. Eyes sep... more FIGURE 12. Atrichopogon sergioluzi sp. nov. Male. A. Head, anterior view; B. Antenna; C. Eyes separation, anterior view; D. Adult, lateral view; E. Maxillary palpus.
<i>Atrichopogon riopardensis</i> Farias, Pessoa &amp; Paulino-Rosa sp. nov. (Figs... more <i>Atrichopogon riopardensis</i> Farias, Pessoa &amp; Paulino-Rosa sp. nov. (Figs. 7 A–E; 8 A–D; 9 A–F; 10 A–F; 11 A–E) <b>Diagnosis</b>. Male. Only extant species of <i>Atrichopogon</i> with pigmented wings in the Neotropical region with gonostylus forked near its midlength; inner portion short, like a fingernail, with longitudinal furrow; outer portion, apically curved directed mesally, 4 × longer than inner, with one long seta in basal 1/3. Female. Without good characteristic features: wing with two distinct darker spots; uniform color pattern of the antenna and legs; one short, ovoid, sclerotized spermatheca with short and broad neck. <b>Male</b> (Fig. 7C). Head (Fig. 7A); head width/mouthpart length 2.60–3.00 (2.80, n = 7). Ommatidia with interfacet pubescence; broadly abutting medially for length of 3.9–4.4 (4.16, n = 5) ommatidia (Fig. 7D). Antenna pale brown; proportions of flagellomeres as in Figure 7E; flagellomeres 2–10 fused; plume on flagellomeres 1–9 well developed; flagellomeres 10–13 without plume; 9th flagellomere 0.83 times shorter than flagellomere 10; flagellomere 13 with apical projection not basally constricted. AR 0.99–1.10 (1.00, n = 5). Palpus pale brown (Fig. 7B); third segment short to moderately elongate, swollen at mid-length, with well-developed pit somewhat apical to mid length; segments 4–5 separated; segment 5 conical. PRIII 2.30–2.70 (2.40, n = 7). Thorax dark brown (Fig. 8B). Scutum with setae arising directly from surface, with lateral sutures (Fig. 8D). Paratergite with one seta. Anepisternum well-developed, broadly bilobed posteriorly. Wing with patch of pigmentation in area of r-m and posterior to apex of R 3 (Fig. 8A); macrotrichiae on membrane in apical portion of r 3, m 1 and in apical half of M 1; wing length 0.85–0.95 (0.90, n = 8) mm. CR 0.66–0.74 (0.68, n = 8). Halter stem pale brown, knob hyaline. Legs (Fig. 8C) yellowish brown; hind tibial spur shorter than width of hind tibia, hind tibial comb with 9 spines. TRI 3.37 (n = 1), TRII 3.24 (n = 1), and TRIII 2.63 (n = [...]
FIGURE 16. Atrichopogon sergioluzi sp. nov. Female. A. Wing; B. Thorax posterolateral view; C. Hi... more FIGURE 16. Atrichopogon sergioluzi sp. nov. Female. A. Wing; B. Thorax posterolateral view; C. Hind, mid- and fore legs (left to right), lateral view; D. Spermatheca; E. Abdomen, ventral view.
The canine filarial parasite Dirofilaria immitis has not been reported in Brazil´s Amazonas state... more The canine filarial parasite Dirofilaria immitis has not been reported in Brazil´s Amazonas state capital, Manaus, for over a century. Here, we report one imported and 27 autochthonous D. immitis infections from a microfilarial survey of 766 domestic dog blood samples collected between 2017 and 2021 in Manaus. An Overall prevalence estimate of 15.44% (23/149) was calculated from our two rural collection sites; a prevalence of 1.22% (4/328) was estimated at our periurban collection site, and an overall prevalence of 0.35% (1/289) was calculated from our two urban clinic collections. Our data suggest that in the urban areas of Manaus, where the parasites are very likely vectored by the same species of mosquito that historically vectored Wuchereria bancrofti (Culex quinquefasciatus), prevalence levels are very low and possibly maintained by an influx from rural areas where sylvatic reservoirs and/or more favorable vector transmission dynamics maintain high prevalences.
FIGURE 11. Atrichopogon riopardensis sp. nov. Female. A. Wing; B. Scutum, scutellum dorsal view; ... more FIGURE 11. Atrichopogon riopardensis sp. nov. Female. A. Wing; B. Scutum, scutellum dorsal view; C. Spermatheca; D. Abdomen, ventral view; E. Fore, mid- and hind legs (left to right), lateral view.
FIGURE 5. Atrichopogon janseni sp. nov. Female. A. Head, anterior view; B. Antenna; C. Eyes separ... more FIGURE 5. Atrichopogon janseni sp. nov. Female. A. Head, anterior view; B. Antenna; C. Eyes separation, anterior view; D. Maxillary palpus E. Third palpal segment.
FIGURE 13. Atrichopogon sergioluzi sp. nov. Male. A. Wing; B- Thorax, lateral view; C. Scutum, sc... more FIGURE 13. Atrichopogon sergioluzi sp. nov. Male. A. Wing; B- Thorax, lateral view; C. Scutum, scutellum and postscutellum, dorsal view; D. Mid, fore and hind legs (left to right), lateral view.
FIGURE 3. Atrichopogon janseni sp. nov. Male. A Wing with patch of pigmentation, showing venation... more FIGURE 3. Atrichopogon janseni sp. nov. Male. A Wing with patch of pigmentation, showing venations and cells; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Fore, mid- and hind legs (left to right), lateral view.
Projeto CT-Amazonia CNPq/FAPEAM - Risco de doencas transmitidas por vetores na Amazonia Central: ... more Projeto CT-Amazonia CNPq/FAPEAM - Risco de doencas transmitidas por vetores na Amazonia Central: efeito do desmatamento e da densidade populacional humana
Three new species of Atrichopogon with spotted wings of the family Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Culi... more Three new species of Atrichopogon with spotted wings of the family Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha) from the Amazonas State of Brazil are described and illustrated. Male and female specimens of Atrichopogon janseni sp. nov., A. riopardensis sp. nov., and A. sergioluzi sp. nov. were associated by wing pigmentation patterns: with two darker spots, one over r-m and the other one in cell r3, posterior to the apex of R3. Male A. janseni sp. nov. have tergite 9 that is 2.5 × as broad as long, not extending to the apex of gonocoxite, and sternite 9 stout, sub-trapezoidal, with distal margin with a row of stout spines; gonostylus of A. janseni sp. nov. is spatulate, with distinct middle notch. Atrichopogon riopardensis sp. nov. is separated from other species with similar wing patterns and forked gonostylus, with gonostylus forked near midlength, with longitudinal furrow, inner portion short and fingernail-like, outer portion elongate and apically curved directed mesally; outer porti...
The extent to which pre-Columbian societies altered Amazonian landscapes is hotly debated. We per... more The extent to which pre-Columbian societies altered Amazonian landscapes is hotly debated. We performed a basin-wide analysis of pre-Columbian impacts on Amazonian forests by overlaying known archaeological sites in Amazonia with the distributions and abundances of 85 woody species domesticated by pre-Columbian peoples. Domesticated species are five times more likely than nondomesticated species to be hyperdominant. Across the basin, the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species increase in forests on and around archaeological sites. In southwestern and eastern Amazonia, distance to archaeological sites strongly influences the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species. Our analyses indicate that modern tree communities in Amazonia are structured to an important extent by a long history of plant domestication by Amazonian peoples.
In a time of rapid global change, the question of what determines patterns in species abundance d... more In a time of rapid global change, the question of what determines patterns in species abundance distribution remains a priority for understanding the complex dynamics of ecosystems. The constrained maximization of information entropy provides a framework for the understanding of such complex systems dynamics by a quantitative analysis of important constraints via predictions using least biased probability distributions. We apply it to over two thousand hectares of Amazonian tree inventories across seven forest types and thirteen functional traits, representing major global axes of plant strategies. Results show that constraints formed by regional relative abundances of genera explain almost ten times more of local relative abundances than constraints based on either directional or stabilizing selection for specific functional traits, although the latter does show clear signals of environmental dependency. These results provide a quantitative insight by inference from large-scale dat...
FIGURE 8. Atrichopogon riopardensis sp. nov. Male. A. Wing; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Fore, mid... more FIGURE 8. Atrichopogon riopardensis sp. nov. Male. A. Wing; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Fore, mid- and hind legs (right to left), lateral view; D. Scutum, scutellum and postscutellum, dorsal view.
<i>Atrichopogon janseni</i> Pessoa &amp; Farias sp. nov. (Figs. 2 A–E; 3 A–C; 4 A... more <i>Atrichopogon janseni</i> Pessoa &amp; Farias sp. nov. (Figs. 2 A–E; 3 A–C; 4 A–G; 5 A–E; 6 A–E) <b>Diagnosis</b>. Male. Only extant species of <i>Atrichopogon</i> with pigmented wings in the Neotropical region with gonostylus not forked, spatulate in distal 2/3, with distinct middle notch and quadratic apex. Female. Without good characteristic features: wing with two distinct darker spots; flagellomeres 1–8 more darker than flagellomeres 9–13; genitalia medium brown; spermatheca single, without neck, small and ovoid. <b>Male</b>. Head brown (Fig. 2A); head width/mouth part length 2.60–2.90 (2.75, n = 2). Ommatidia with interfacet pubescence; broadly abutting medially for length of 3.00–3.40 (3.2, n = 2) ommatidia (Fig. 2D). Antenna medium brown, proportions of flagellomeres as in Figure 2B; flagellomeres 2–10 fused; flagellomeres 1–9 dark brown with well-developed plumes; 10–13 medium brown without plume setae; 9th flagellomere 0.65 times shorter than flagellomere 10; flagellomere 13 with apical projection slightly constricted basally.AR 0.92 (0.92, n = 2). Palpus medium brown (Figs. 2C, E); third segment short to moderately elongated, swollen at mid-length, with well-developed subapical pit; segments 4 and 5 separate. PRIII 2.60 (2.60, n = 2). Thorax dark brown (Fig. 3B). Scutum with setae arising directly from surface, with lateral suture. Paratergite with one seta. Anepisternum well-developed, broadly bilobed posteriorly. Wing (Fig. 3A) with patch of pigmentation in area of r-m and posterior to apex of R 3; few macrotrichiae on membrane in apical portion of r 3, m 1; wing length 0.80–0.82 (0.81, n = 2) mm. CR 0.63 (0.63, n = 2). Halter pale. Legs yellow brown (Fig. 3C); coxae, trochanter, and basal portion of femora lighter; hind tibial spur shorter than width of hind tibia, hind tibial comb with 9 spines. TRI 3.07 (n = 1), TRII 3.15 (n = 1), and TRIII 2.57 (n = 1); empodia present. Abdomen brown (Fig. 4A). Segments 1-6 with lateral dark marks. Terminalia dark brown, large (Figs. 4B, C); tergite 9 about 2.5 [...]
FIGURE 12. Atrichopogon sergioluzi sp. nov. Male. A. Head, anterior view; B. Antenna; C. Eyes sep... more FIGURE 12. Atrichopogon sergioluzi sp. nov. Male. A. Head, anterior view; B. Antenna; C. Eyes separation, anterior view; D. Adult, lateral view; E. Maxillary palpus.
<i>Atrichopogon riopardensis</i> Farias, Pessoa &amp; Paulino-Rosa sp. nov. (Figs... more <i>Atrichopogon riopardensis</i> Farias, Pessoa &amp; Paulino-Rosa sp. nov. (Figs. 7 A–E; 8 A–D; 9 A–F; 10 A–F; 11 A–E) <b>Diagnosis</b>. Male. Only extant species of <i>Atrichopogon</i> with pigmented wings in the Neotropical region with gonostylus forked near its midlength; inner portion short, like a fingernail, with longitudinal furrow; outer portion, apically curved directed mesally, 4 × longer than inner, with one long seta in basal 1/3. Female. Without good characteristic features: wing with two distinct darker spots; uniform color pattern of the antenna and legs; one short, ovoid, sclerotized spermatheca with short and broad neck. <b>Male</b> (Fig. 7C). Head (Fig. 7A); head width/mouthpart length 2.60–3.00 (2.80, n = 7). Ommatidia with interfacet pubescence; broadly abutting medially for length of 3.9–4.4 (4.16, n = 5) ommatidia (Fig. 7D). Antenna pale brown; proportions of flagellomeres as in Figure 7E; flagellomeres 2–10 fused; plume on flagellomeres 1–9 well developed; flagellomeres 10–13 without plume; 9th flagellomere 0.83 times shorter than flagellomere 10; flagellomere 13 with apical projection not basally constricted. AR 0.99–1.10 (1.00, n = 5). Palpus pale brown (Fig. 7B); third segment short to moderately elongate, swollen at mid-length, with well-developed pit somewhat apical to mid length; segments 4–5 separated; segment 5 conical. PRIII 2.30–2.70 (2.40, n = 7). Thorax dark brown (Fig. 8B). Scutum with setae arising directly from surface, with lateral sutures (Fig. 8D). Paratergite with one seta. Anepisternum well-developed, broadly bilobed posteriorly. Wing with patch of pigmentation in area of r-m and posterior to apex of R 3 (Fig. 8A); macrotrichiae on membrane in apical portion of r 3, m 1 and in apical half of M 1; wing length 0.85–0.95 (0.90, n = 8) mm. CR 0.66–0.74 (0.68, n = 8). Halter stem pale brown, knob hyaline. Legs (Fig. 8C) yellowish brown; hind tibial spur shorter than width of hind tibia, hind tibial comb with 9 spines. TRI 3.37 (n = 1), TRII 3.24 (n = 1), and TRIII 2.63 (n = [...]
FIGURE 16. Atrichopogon sergioluzi sp. nov. Female. A. Wing; B. Thorax posterolateral view; C. Hi... more FIGURE 16. Atrichopogon sergioluzi sp. nov. Female. A. Wing; B. Thorax posterolateral view; C. Hind, mid- and fore legs (left to right), lateral view; D. Spermatheca; E. Abdomen, ventral view.
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