Mutations at both the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the amino (N)-terminal domain (NTD) of th... more Mutations at both the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the amino (N)-terminal domain (NTD) of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike (S) glycoprotein can alter its antigenicity and promote immune escape. We identified that SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating in Brazil with mutations of concern in the RBD independently acquired convergent deletions and insertions in the NTD of the S protein, which altered the NTD antigenic-supersite and other predicted epitopes at this region. Importantly, we detected the community transmission of different P.1 lineages bearing NTD indels ∆69-70 (which can impact several SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic protocols), ∆144 and ins214ANRN, and a new VOI N.10 derived from the B.1.1.33 lineage carrying three NTD deletions (∆141–144, ∆211, and ∆256–258). These findings support that the ongoing widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil generates new viral lineages that might be more resistant to antibody neutralization than parental v...
In order to diagnose malaria, the test that has traditionally been conducted is the gold standard... more In order to diagnose malaria, the test that has traditionally been conducted is the gold standard test.The process mainly entails the preparation of a blood smear on glass slide, staining the blood and examining the blood through the use of a microscope so as to observe parasite genus plasmodium.Although these are several other kinds of diagnostic test solutions that are available and which can be adopted, there are numerous shortcomings which are always observed when microscopic analysis is carried out. Presently, the treatments are hugely conducted based on symptoms and upon the occurrence of false negatives, it might be fatal and may result into the creation of different kinds of implications. There have been a number of deaths which have been associated with malaria and as a result, there is the dire need to ensure that there is early detection of malarial infection among the people. This manuscript mainly provides a review of the current contributions regarding computer aided s...
Analyzing microscopic image of blood smears has a pivotal role in analysis characterization of er... more Analyzing microscopic image of blood smears has a pivotal role in analysis characterization of erythrocytes in the screening of malarial parasites. Characteristics feature of erythrocyte undergo changes if it infected by malaria parasite infection. Morphology, texture and intensity are key features of erythrocytes. Numerous solutions have proposed in improving the microscopic image analysis. An image processing algorithm to automate and accurate the diagnosis of malaria parasite scope in microscopic images of the blood smears is proposed in this paper. The experimental study indicating that identification of malaria parasite scope in erythrocytes by the proposed OFS-Z (Optimal Feature Selection by Z-Score) is significant and robust. The renowned classifiers such as naive Bayes, SVM, and AdaBoost classifiers are used to assess the performance of the proposed model. The metrics cross-validation and miss-classification rate rarely used to estimate the optimality of the classifiers unde...
Leveraging structural data and computer modelling techniques, we investigated the variation in th... more Leveraging structural data and computer modelling techniques, we investigated the variation in the binding free-energy (𝛥𝛥𝐺) profile of VOCs and VOIs SARS-CoV-2 lineages with hACE2 and with a dataset of known human nAbs. In agreement with the available experimental data, our results show only a marginal impact of VOC RBD amino acid changes to hACE2 affinity. On the other hand, we found that VOCs RBDs have a significant unfavorable 𝛥𝛥𝐺 to nAbs that can be related to changes in the electrostatic potential surface profiles, hence identifying the molecular and thermodynamical components behind SARS-CoV-2 antibody evasion. In addition, our data suggests that a close attention should be given to lineage P.3, as it likely holds a high spreading potential in a human population with rising immunity. In summary, the current observed higher transmission of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs is likely associated with a partial or complete failure of the antibody recognition and neutralization in individuals previ...
Mutations at both the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the amino (N)-terminal domain (NTD) of th... more Mutations at both the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the amino (N)-terminal domain (NTD) of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike (S) glycoprotein can alter its antigenicity and promote immune escape. We identified that SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating in Brazil with mutations of concern in the RBD independently acquired convergent deletions and insertions in the NTD of the S protein, which altered the NTD antigenic-supersite and other predicted epitopes at this region. Importantly, we detected the community transmission of different P.1 lineages bearing NTD indels ∆69-70 (which can impact several SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic protocols), ∆144 and ins214ANRN, and a new VOI N.10 derived from the B.1.1.33 lineage carrying three NTD deletions (∆141–144, ∆211, and ∆256–258). These findings support that the ongoing widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil generates new viral lineages that might be more resistant to antibody neutralization than parental v...
In order to diagnose malaria, the test that has traditionally been conducted is the gold standard... more In order to diagnose malaria, the test that has traditionally been conducted is the gold standard test.The process mainly entails the preparation of a blood smear on glass slide, staining the blood and examining the blood through the use of a microscope so as to observe parasite genus plasmodium.Although these are several other kinds of diagnostic test solutions that are available and which can be adopted, there are numerous shortcomings which are always observed when microscopic analysis is carried out. Presently, the treatments are hugely conducted based on symptoms and upon the occurrence of false negatives, it might be fatal and may result into the creation of different kinds of implications. There have been a number of deaths which have been associated with malaria and as a result, there is the dire need to ensure that there is early detection of malarial infection among the people. This manuscript mainly provides a review of the current contributions regarding computer aided s...
Analyzing microscopic image of blood smears has a pivotal role in analysis characterization of er... more Analyzing microscopic image of blood smears has a pivotal role in analysis characterization of erythrocytes in the screening of malarial parasites. Characteristics feature of erythrocyte undergo changes if it infected by malaria parasite infection. Morphology, texture and intensity are key features of erythrocytes. Numerous solutions have proposed in improving the microscopic image analysis. An image processing algorithm to automate and accurate the diagnosis of malaria parasite scope in microscopic images of the blood smears is proposed in this paper. The experimental study indicating that identification of malaria parasite scope in erythrocytes by the proposed OFS-Z (Optimal Feature Selection by Z-Score) is significant and robust. The renowned classifiers such as naive Bayes, SVM, and AdaBoost classifiers are used to assess the performance of the proposed model. The metrics cross-validation and miss-classification rate rarely used to estimate the optimality of the classifiers unde...
Leveraging structural data and computer modelling techniques, we investigated the variation in th... more Leveraging structural data and computer modelling techniques, we investigated the variation in the binding free-energy (𝛥𝛥𝐺) profile of VOCs and VOIs SARS-CoV-2 lineages with hACE2 and with a dataset of known human nAbs. In agreement with the available experimental data, our results show only a marginal impact of VOC RBD amino acid changes to hACE2 affinity. On the other hand, we found that VOCs RBDs have a significant unfavorable 𝛥𝛥𝐺 to nAbs that can be related to changes in the electrostatic potential surface profiles, hence identifying the molecular and thermodynamical components behind SARS-CoV-2 antibody evasion. In addition, our data suggests that a close attention should be given to lineage P.3, as it likely holds a high spreading potential in a human population with rising immunity. In summary, the current observed higher transmission of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs is likely associated with a partial or complete failure of the antibody recognition and neutralization in individuals previ...
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