Thermoplastic mengkuang composites are an alternative material to solve environmental pollution i... more Thermoplastic mengkuang composites are an alternative material to solve environmental pollution issues associated with synthetic polymers. Mengkuang, or Pandanus atrocarpus, raw fiber was cut, dried, ground, and sieved to the required size. The fiber was filled into the matrix of natural rubber (NR) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) by melt blending via internal mixer. The blend of HDPE/NR at 60/40 ratio with fiber sizes of 125 µm, 250 µm, and 500 µm were prepared at fiber contents of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The effects of fiber size and fiber content on the thermoplastic composite were investigated using tensile test, impact test, water absorption, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The maximum tensile strength and tensile modulus were obtained at 20% fiber content of 250 µm fiber size. Impact strength gradually decreased with the increased percentage of fiber content at fiber size, 125 µm and 250 µm. The highest tensile strain at break and lowest water absorption was observed at 10% fiber content for all sizes being studied. The effects of fiber size on water absorption, and percentage of fiber content on impact strength and tensile strain at break were statistically significant (p < 0.05).
Effects of Addition Graphene Nanoplatlet on the Mechanical Properties and Thermal Hybrid Composit... more Effects of Addition Graphene Nanoplatlet on the Mechanical Properties and Thermal Hybrid Composite Fibre Sansevieria Natural Rubber-High Density Polyethylene) NURZAM EZDIANI ZAKARIA, ISHAK AHMAD, WAN NAZRI WAN BUSU, KHAIRUNNIZAH HAZILA KHALID & AZIZAH BAHARUM* ABSTRAK Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji kesan penghibridan kepingan nanozarah grafin (GNP) ke atas sifat mekanik, morfologi dan terma komposit Sansevieria trifasciata-getah asli-polietilena ketumpatan tinggi (STF-NR-HDPE). Pemprosesan penghibridan komposit STF-NR-HDPE dan GNP dilakukan dengan menggunakan mesin pengadun dalaman. Tahap pengisian sebanyak 20% bt. STF ke atas matriks (NR/HDPE) telah dilakukan dalam kajian ini dengan variasi GNP yang digunakan adalah antara 1-10% bt. Adunan komposit yang terhasil ditekan dengan mesin penekan panas untuk mendapatkan sampel ujian berketebalan 1 mm dan 3 mm. Sampel dinilai melalui ujian tegangan, ujian hentaman Izod, pembelauan sinar-X (XRD) dan kalorimetri pengimbasan berbeza (DSC). Kajian morfologi pula dijalankan dengan menggunakan mikroskop elektron pengimbas pelepasan medan (FESEM). Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa nilai kekuatan regangan dan kekuatan hentaman komposit menunjukkan sedikit penurunan bacaan pada permulaan penambahan amaun GNP tetapi bacaan kebanyakan komposisi kemudiannya menunjukkan peningkatan selepas 5% bt. tahap pengisian dan ke atas. Modulus tegangan pula secara umumnya menunjukkan peningkatan bacaan dengan penambahan pengisi. Analisis terma dengan menggunakan alat DSC tidak menunjukkan perubahan aliran graf yang ketara terhadap kelakuan terma bahan. Ini kerana STF adalah bahan yang mempunyai kestabilan terma yang baik.
This research was done to study the effects of different fibre sizes (1 mm, 500 μm, 250 μm and 12... more This research was done to study the effects of different fibre sizes (1 mm, 500 μm, 250 μm and 125 μm) on the mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of Sansevieria trifasciata fibre/natural rubber/high density polyethylene (STF/NR/HDPE) composites. Processing of STF/NR/HDPE composites was done by using an internal mixer machine. The processing parameters used were 135 °C for temperature and a mixing rotor speed of 55 rpm for 15 minutes. Filler loading was varied from 10% to 40% of STF. The composite blends obtained were pressed with a hot press machine to get test samples of 1 mm and 3 mm in thickness. Samples were evaluated via tensile tests, Izod impact test and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Morphological studies were carried out via scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results showed that tensile strength and impact strength decreased while tensile modulus increased when filler loading increased. Smaller particle size will give more interfacial interaction bet...
The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 2018
This paper presents the influence of rubber on mengkuang (MK) reinforced thermoplastic composites... more This paper presents the influence of rubber on mengkuang (MK) reinforced thermoplastic composites as the rubber content appeared to increase at low fibre loading of 10% MK and high fibre loading of 30% MK. The MK fibre was blended with high density polyethylene (HDPE) and natural rubber (NR) through melt blending via internal mixer. The MK composites at 10% MK fibre loading exhibited higher tensile strength, tensile strain at break, and impact strength; but lower tensile modulus than MK composites at 30% fibre loading. Both fibre contents showed that the tensile strength and the tensile modulus decreased, while tensile strain at break and impact strength seemed to increase as the rubber content increased up to 40%. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) micrograph was employed to observe the fibre dispersion, as well as physical interactions between the fibre and the matrix. This study showed that the effects of MK fibre loading on mechanical properties and morphology w...
Thermoplastic mengkuang composites are an alternative material to solve environmental pollution i... more Thermoplastic mengkuang composites are an alternative material to solve environmental pollution issues associated with synthetic polymers. Mengkuang, or Pandanus atrocarpus, raw fiber was cut, dried, ground, and sieved to the required size. The fiber was filled into the matrix of natural rubber (NR) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) by melt blending via internal mixer. The blend of HDPE/NR at 60/40 ratio with fiber sizes of 125 µm, 250 µm, and 500 µm were prepared at fiber contents of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The effects of fiber size and fiber content on the thermoplastic composite were investigated using tensile test, impact test, water absorption, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The maximum tensile strength and tensile modulus were obtained at 20% fiber content of 250 µm fiber size. Impact strength gradually decreased with the increased percentage of fiber content at fiber size, 125 µm and 250 µm. The highest tensile strain at break and lowest water absorption was observed at 10% fiber content for all sizes being studied. The effects of fiber size on water absorption, and percentage of fiber content on impact strength and tensile strain at break were statistically significant (p < 0.05).
Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji kesan penghibridan kepingan nanozarah grafin (GNP) ke atas si... more Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji kesan penghibridan kepingan nanozarah grafin (GNP) ke atas sifat mekanik, morfologi dan terma komposit Sansevieria trifasciata-getah asli-polietilena ketumpatan tinggi (STF-NR-HDPE). Pemprosesan penghibridan komposit STF-NR-HDPE dan GNP dilakukan dengan menggunakan mesin pengadun dalaman. Tahap pengisian sebanyak 20% bt. STF ke atas matriks (NR/HDPE) telah dilakukan dalam kajian ini dengan variasi GNP yang digunakan adalah antara 1-10% bt. Adunan komposit yang terhasil ditekan dengan mesin penekan panas untuk mendapatkan sampel ujian berketebalan 1 mm dan 3 mm. Sampel dinilai melalui ujian tegangan, ujian hentaman Izod, pembelauan sinar-X (XRD) dan kalorimetri pengimbasan berbeza (DSC). Kajian morfologi pula dijalankan dengan menggunakan mikroskop elektron pengimbas pelepasan medan (FESEM). Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa nilai kekuatan regangan dan kekuatan hentaman komposit menunjukkan sedikit penurunan bacaan pada permulaan penambahan amaun GNP tetapi bacaan kebanyakan komposisi kemudiannya menunjukkan peningkatan selepas 5% bt. tahap pengisian dan ke atas. Modulus tegangan pula secara umumnya menunjukkan peningkatan bacaan dengan penambahan pengisi. Analisis terma dengan menggunakan alat DSC tidak menunjukkan perubahan aliran graf yang ketara terhadap kelakuan terma bahan. Ini kerana STF adalah bahan yang mempunyai kestabilan terma yang baik.
The main objective of this research is to study the effects of chemical modification on the mecha... more The main objective of this research is to study the effects of chemical modification on the mechanical properties of treated Sansevieria trifasciata fiber/natural rubber/high density polyethylene (TSTF/NR/HDPE) composites. Processing of STF/NR/HDPE composites was done by using an internal mixer. The processing parameters used were 135°C for temperature and a mixing rotor speed of 55 rpm for 15 minutes. Filler loading was varied from 10% to 40% of STF and the fiber size used was 125 µm. The composite blends obtained then were pressed with a hot press machine to get test samples of 1 mm and 3 mm of thickness. Samples were evaluated via tensile tests, Izod impact test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that tensile strength and strain value decreased while tensile modulus increased when filler loading increased. Impact strength increased when filler loading increased and began to decrease after 10% of filler amount for treated composites. For untreated composites, impact strength began to...
Thermoplastic mengkuang composites are an alternative material to solve environmental pollution i... more Thermoplastic mengkuang composites are an alternative material to solve environmental pollution issues associated with synthetic polymers. Mengkuang, or Pandanus atrocarpus, raw fiber was cut, dried, ground, and sieved to the required size. The fiber was filled into the matrix of natural rubber (NR) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) by melt blending via internal mixer. The blend of HDPE/NR at 60/40 ratio with fiber sizes of 125 µm, 250 µm, and 500 µm were prepared at fiber contents of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The effects of fiber size and fiber content on the thermoplastic composite were investigated using tensile test, impact test, water absorption, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The maximum tensile strength and tensile modulus were obtained at 20% fiber content of 250 µm fiber size. Impact strength gradually decreased with the increased percentage of fiber content at fiber size, 125 µm and 250 µm. The highest tensile strain at break and lowest water absorption was observed at 10% fiber content for all sizes being studied. The effects of fiber size on water absorption, and percentage of fiber content on impact strength and tensile strain at break were statistically significant (p < 0.05).
Effects of Addition Graphene Nanoplatlet on the Mechanical Properties and Thermal Hybrid Composit... more Effects of Addition Graphene Nanoplatlet on the Mechanical Properties and Thermal Hybrid Composite Fibre Sansevieria Natural Rubber-High Density Polyethylene) NURZAM EZDIANI ZAKARIA, ISHAK AHMAD, WAN NAZRI WAN BUSU, KHAIRUNNIZAH HAZILA KHALID & AZIZAH BAHARUM* ABSTRAK Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji kesan penghibridan kepingan nanozarah grafin (GNP) ke atas sifat mekanik, morfologi dan terma komposit Sansevieria trifasciata-getah asli-polietilena ketumpatan tinggi (STF-NR-HDPE). Pemprosesan penghibridan komposit STF-NR-HDPE dan GNP dilakukan dengan menggunakan mesin pengadun dalaman. Tahap pengisian sebanyak 20% bt. STF ke atas matriks (NR/HDPE) telah dilakukan dalam kajian ini dengan variasi GNP yang digunakan adalah antara 1-10% bt. Adunan komposit yang terhasil ditekan dengan mesin penekan panas untuk mendapatkan sampel ujian berketebalan 1 mm dan 3 mm. Sampel dinilai melalui ujian tegangan, ujian hentaman Izod, pembelauan sinar-X (XRD) dan kalorimetri pengimbasan berbeza (DSC). Kajian morfologi pula dijalankan dengan menggunakan mikroskop elektron pengimbas pelepasan medan (FESEM). Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa nilai kekuatan regangan dan kekuatan hentaman komposit menunjukkan sedikit penurunan bacaan pada permulaan penambahan amaun GNP tetapi bacaan kebanyakan komposisi kemudiannya menunjukkan peningkatan selepas 5% bt. tahap pengisian dan ke atas. Modulus tegangan pula secara umumnya menunjukkan peningkatan bacaan dengan penambahan pengisi. Analisis terma dengan menggunakan alat DSC tidak menunjukkan perubahan aliran graf yang ketara terhadap kelakuan terma bahan. Ini kerana STF adalah bahan yang mempunyai kestabilan terma yang baik.
This research was done to study the effects of different fibre sizes (1 mm, 500 μm, 250 μm and 12... more This research was done to study the effects of different fibre sizes (1 mm, 500 μm, 250 μm and 125 μm) on the mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of Sansevieria trifasciata fibre/natural rubber/high density polyethylene (STF/NR/HDPE) composites. Processing of STF/NR/HDPE composites was done by using an internal mixer machine. The processing parameters used were 135 °C for temperature and a mixing rotor speed of 55 rpm for 15 minutes. Filler loading was varied from 10% to 40% of STF. The composite blends obtained were pressed with a hot press machine to get test samples of 1 mm and 3 mm in thickness. Samples were evaluated via tensile tests, Izod impact test and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Morphological studies were carried out via scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results showed that tensile strength and impact strength decreased while tensile modulus increased when filler loading increased. Smaller particle size will give more interfacial interaction bet...
The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 2018
This paper presents the influence of rubber on mengkuang (MK) reinforced thermoplastic composites... more This paper presents the influence of rubber on mengkuang (MK) reinforced thermoplastic composites as the rubber content appeared to increase at low fibre loading of 10% MK and high fibre loading of 30% MK. The MK fibre was blended with high density polyethylene (HDPE) and natural rubber (NR) through melt blending via internal mixer. The MK composites at 10% MK fibre loading exhibited higher tensile strength, tensile strain at break, and impact strength; but lower tensile modulus than MK composites at 30% fibre loading. Both fibre contents showed that the tensile strength and the tensile modulus decreased, while tensile strain at break and impact strength seemed to increase as the rubber content increased up to 40%. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) micrograph was employed to observe the fibre dispersion, as well as physical interactions between the fibre and the matrix. This study showed that the effects of MK fibre loading on mechanical properties and morphology w...
Thermoplastic mengkuang composites are an alternative material to solve environmental pollution i... more Thermoplastic mengkuang composites are an alternative material to solve environmental pollution issues associated with synthetic polymers. Mengkuang, or Pandanus atrocarpus, raw fiber was cut, dried, ground, and sieved to the required size. The fiber was filled into the matrix of natural rubber (NR) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) by melt blending via internal mixer. The blend of HDPE/NR at 60/40 ratio with fiber sizes of 125 µm, 250 µm, and 500 µm were prepared at fiber contents of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The effects of fiber size and fiber content on the thermoplastic composite were investigated using tensile test, impact test, water absorption, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The maximum tensile strength and tensile modulus were obtained at 20% fiber content of 250 µm fiber size. Impact strength gradually decreased with the increased percentage of fiber content at fiber size, 125 µm and 250 µm. The highest tensile strain at break and lowest water absorption was observed at 10% fiber content for all sizes being studied. The effects of fiber size on water absorption, and percentage of fiber content on impact strength and tensile strain at break were statistically significant (p < 0.05).
Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji kesan penghibridan kepingan nanozarah grafin (GNP) ke atas si... more Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji kesan penghibridan kepingan nanozarah grafin (GNP) ke atas sifat mekanik, morfologi dan terma komposit Sansevieria trifasciata-getah asli-polietilena ketumpatan tinggi (STF-NR-HDPE). Pemprosesan penghibridan komposit STF-NR-HDPE dan GNP dilakukan dengan menggunakan mesin pengadun dalaman. Tahap pengisian sebanyak 20% bt. STF ke atas matriks (NR/HDPE) telah dilakukan dalam kajian ini dengan variasi GNP yang digunakan adalah antara 1-10% bt. Adunan komposit yang terhasil ditekan dengan mesin penekan panas untuk mendapatkan sampel ujian berketebalan 1 mm dan 3 mm. Sampel dinilai melalui ujian tegangan, ujian hentaman Izod, pembelauan sinar-X (XRD) dan kalorimetri pengimbasan berbeza (DSC). Kajian morfologi pula dijalankan dengan menggunakan mikroskop elektron pengimbas pelepasan medan (FESEM). Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa nilai kekuatan regangan dan kekuatan hentaman komposit menunjukkan sedikit penurunan bacaan pada permulaan penambahan amaun GNP tetapi bacaan kebanyakan komposisi kemudiannya menunjukkan peningkatan selepas 5% bt. tahap pengisian dan ke atas. Modulus tegangan pula secara umumnya menunjukkan peningkatan bacaan dengan penambahan pengisi. Analisis terma dengan menggunakan alat DSC tidak menunjukkan perubahan aliran graf yang ketara terhadap kelakuan terma bahan. Ini kerana STF adalah bahan yang mempunyai kestabilan terma yang baik.
The main objective of this research is to study the effects of chemical modification on the mecha... more The main objective of this research is to study the effects of chemical modification on the mechanical properties of treated Sansevieria trifasciata fiber/natural rubber/high density polyethylene (TSTF/NR/HDPE) composites. Processing of STF/NR/HDPE composites was done by using an internal mixer. The processing parameters used were 135°C for temperature and a mixing rotor speed of 55 rpm for 15 minutes. Filler loading was varied from 10% to 40% of STF and the fiber size used was 125 µm. The composite blends obtained then were pressed with a hot press machine to get test samples of 1 mm and 3 mm of thickness. Samples were evaluated via tensile tests, Izod impact test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that tensile strength and strain value decreased while tensile modulus increased when filler loading increased. Impact strength increased when filler loading increased and began to decrease after 10% of filler amount for treated composites. For untreated composites, impact strength began to...
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