... Study of Nanoparticles Formation in a Pulsed Magnetron Discharge in Acetylene. Valérie De Vri... more ... Study of Nanoparticles Formation in a Pulsed Magnetron Discharge in Acetylene. Valérie De Vriendt 1,* ,; Fabrizio Maseri 2 ,; Aurélien Nonet 1 ,; Stéphane Lucas 1. ... 2 ArcelorMittal Liège, Research and Development, Boulevard de Colonster B57, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. ...
... Rev. Lett. 49 (1982) 1579. [14] R. Ryberg, Phys. Rev. B 31 (1985) 2545. [15] KW Hipps and GA ... more ... Rev. Lett. 49 (1982) 1579. [14] R. Ryberg, Phys. Rev. B 31 (1985) 2545. [15] KW Hipps and GA Crosby, J. Phys. ... [19] RJ Jakolsen, JW Brasch and Y. Mikawa, J. Mol. Struct. 1 (1967) 309. [20] DM Collins and WE Spicer, Surf. Sei. 69 (1977) 85. [21] RA Shigeishi and DA King, Surf. ...
We have set up an infrared reflection absorption grating spectrometer working under high vacuum c... more We have set up an infrared reflection absorption grating spectrometer working under high vacuum conditions. The infrared source is made of a tantalum cavity heated to 2500 K. Its brightness at 3000 cm-1 (emissivity > 0.7) is four times higher than that of a common silicon carbide source at 1500 K. The adsorbate absorption detection technique is based on the use of a photoelastic modulator. All those features permit a high absorbance sensitivity while avoiding the measured infrared spectrum to be affected by the absorption from residual gases in the spectrometer. The measurement of infrared spectra between 2.6 and 5 μm allowed us to specially follow the evolution of the methyl and hydroxyl stretching bands of CH3OH and CD3OD versus exposure at 80 K and versus annealing temperature for a polycrystailine platinum and a Cu(110) substrates. The strong attenuation of the OH band at low coverage indicates that, in the submonolayer coverage range, the methanol molecules are adsorbed with their OH group axes quasi parallel to both metallic surfaces. Because both the symmetric and asymmetric CH3 (or CD3) stretching modes are detected, the methyl group axis must be inclined versus the surface normals. In the multilayer coverage range, the methanol forms a thin amorphous phase which can be crystallized upon annealing. The simultaneous detection of the in-phase and out of phase components of the crystallized layer hydroxyl stretching indicates that this layer is constituted by arbitrarily oriented small crystallites.
A design is proposed for a stable infrared source suited to absorbance measurements. The source i... more A design is proposed for a stable infrared source suited to absorbance measurements. The source is a parallelepipedic cavity of tantalum, heated to 2600 K, with an apparent emissivity in excess of 0.7. It is observed to be three times brighter at 3000 cm−1 than the 1440-K SiC bar. A model is constructed in order to estimate the temperature distribution. For this kind of source, the temperature and emissivity are found to be quite uniform. A comparison between estimated and experimental values of temperature and emissivity is discussed.
The apparent emissivity of a parallelepipedic hollow radiation source is computed to all orders o... more The apparent emissivity of a parallelepipedic hollow radiation source is computed to all orders of multiple reflection. An iterative method is used to solve accurately the apparent emissivity integral equation, and a special discretization scheme is constructed to handle exactly all geometrical factors. Explicit expressions are given which allow the difficulties associated with the singularities appearing near the cavity edges
ABSTRACT For the fabrication of monolithically integrated flexible CIGS modules on stainless stee... more ABSTRACT For the fabrication of monolithically integrated flexible CIGS modules on stainless steel, individual photovoltaic cells must be insulated from the metal substrates by a barrier layer that can sustain high temperature treatment. In this work combination of sol-gel (organosilane-sol) and sputtered SiAlxOy thin layers (TDBL) were prepared on stainless steel substrates. At first, the deposition of organosilane-sol dielectric layers on the commercial AISI-316–2RB stainless steel (Rz = 500 nm, RMS= 56 nm) induces a planarization of the surfaces (RMS = 16.4nm, Rz =176nm). The leakage current in DC mode through the dielectric layers was measured by preparing metal-insulator-metal (MIM) junction that acts as capacitor. This method proposed here allowed us to quantify the quality the quality of our TDBL insulating layer and its lateral uniformity. Indeed, evaluating a ratio of the number of valid MIM capacitors to the number of tested MIM capacitors, a yield of ∼ 95% and 50% has been reached respectively with non annealed and annealed samples based sol-gel double layer. A yield of 100% has been reached with reinforced PCDP by sputtered SiAlxOy thin layer showing perfect electrical insulation. Since this yield is obtained on several samples, it can be extrapolated to any substrate size. Furthermore, according to Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES) measurements, these barrier layers exhibit excellent barrier properties against the diffusion of undesired atoms which could spoil the electronic and optical properties of CIGS based photovoltaic cells.
ABSTRACT Molybdenum films are investigated on stainless steel substrates coated with polysilazane... more ABSTRACT Molybdenum films are investigated on stainless steel substrates coated with polysilazane based sol–gel and SiOx layers for flexible CIGS solar cell applications. Thermal stability of the multilayer has been studied. The thickness of polysilazane films are significantly reduced (17%) after heat treatment suggesting a thermal degradation. Four different microstructures were found for Mo films by varying argon total pressure from 2.6 × 10− 1 Pa to 2.6 Pa. It was shown that continuous films, low sheet resistance (0.5 Ω/□) and well facetted grains can be achieved when Mo films are deposited on heated substrates at homologous temperature, T of 0.2.
Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, 1990
... peak should be attributed to the desorption of a chemisorbed layer since their adsorption tem... more ... peak should be attributed to the desorption of a chemisorbed layer since their adsorption temperature of 120 K is higher than the desorption ... Table 1. Vibrational frequencies (cm'1) ofCHiNH^in the solid phase in comparison with those obtained in the present study in the range ...
... Study of Nanoparticles Formation in a Pulsed Magnetron Discharge in Acetylene. Valérie De Vri... more ... Study of Nanoparticles Formation in a Pulsed Magnetron Discharge in Acetylene. Valérie De Vriendt 1,* ,; Fabrizio Maseri 2 ,; Aurélien Nonet 1 ,; Stéphane Lucas 1. ... 2 ArcelorMittal Liège, Research and Development, Boulevard de Colonster B57, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. ...
... Rev. Lett. 49 (1982) 1579. [14] R. Ryberg, Phys. Rev. B 31 (1985) 2545. [15] KW Hipps and GA ... more ... Rev. Lett. 49 (1982) 1579. [14] R. Ryberg, Phys. Rev. B 31 (1985) 2545. [15] KW Hipps and GA Crosby, J. Phys. ... [19] RJ Jakolsen, JW Brasch and Y. Mikawa, J. Mol. Struct. 1 (1967) 309. [20] DM Collins and WE Spicer, Surf. Sei. 69 (1977) 85. [21] RA Shigeishi and DA King, Surf. ...
We have set up an infrared reflection absorption grating spectrometer working under high vacuum c... more We have set up an infrared reflection absorption grating spectrometer working under high vacuum conditions. The infrared source is made of a tantalum cavity heated to 2500 K. Its brightness at 3000 cm-1 (emissivity > 0.7) is four times higher than that of a common silicon carbide source at 1500 K. The adsorbate absorption detection technique is based on the use of a photoelastic modulator. All those features permit a high absorbance sensitivity while avoiding the measured infrared spectrum to be affected by the absorption from residual gases in the spectrometer. The measurement of infrared spectra between 2.6 and 5 μm allowed us to specially follow the evolution of the methyl and hydroxyl stretching bands of CH3OH and CD3OD versus exposure at 80 K and versus annealing temperature for a polycrystailine platinum and a Cu(110) substrates. The strong attenuation of the OH band at low coverage indicates that, in the submonolayer coverage range, the methanol molecules are adsorbed with their OH group axes quasi parallel to both metallic surfaces. Because both the symmetric and asymmetric CH3 (or CD3) stretching modes are detected, the methyl group axis must be inclined versus the surface normals. In the multilayer coverage range, the methanol forms a thin amorphous phase which can be crystallized upon annealing. The simultaneous detection of the in-phase and out of phase components of the crystallized layer hydroxyl stretching indicates that this layer is constituted by arbitrarily oriented small crystallites.
A design is proposed for a stable infrared source suited to absorbance measurements. The source i... more A design is proposed for a stable infrared source suited to absorbance measurements. The source is a parallelepipedic cavity of tantalum, heated to 2600 K, with an apparent emissivity in excess of 0.7. It is observed to be three times brighter at 3000 cm−1 than the 1440-K SiC bar. A model is constructed in order to estimate the temperature distribution. For this kind of source, the temperature and emissivity are found to be quite uniform. A comparison between estimated and experimental values of temperature and emissivity is discussed.
The apparent emissivity of a parallelepipedic hollow radiation source is computed to all orders o... more The apparent emissivity of a parallelepipedic hollow radiation source is computed to all orders of multiple reflection. An iterative method is used to solve accurately the apparent emissivity integral equation, and a special discretization scheme is constructed to handle exactly all geometrical factors. Explicit expressions are given which allow the difficulties associated with the singularities appearing near the cavity edges
ABSTRACT For the fabrication of monolithically integrated flexible CIGS modules on stainless stee... more ABSTRACT For the fabrication of monolithically integrated flexible CIGS modules on stainless steel, individual photovoltaic cells must be insulated from the metal substrates by a barrier layer that can sustain high temperature treatment. In this work combination of sol-gel (organosilane-sol) and sputtered SiAlxOy thin layers (TDBL) were prepared on stainless steel substrates. At first, the deposition of organosilane-sol dielectric layers on the commercial AISI-316–2RB stainless steel (Rz = 500 nm, RMS= 56 nm) induces a planarization of the surfaces (RMS = 16.4nm, Rz =176nm). The leakage current in DC mode through the dielectric layers was measured by preparing metal-insulator-metal (MIM) junction that acts as capacitor. This method proposed here allowed us to quantify the quality the quality of our TDBL insulating layer and its lateral uniformity. Indeed, evaluating a ratio of the number of valid MIM capacitors to the number of tested MIM capacitors, a yield of ∼ 95% and 50% has been reached respectively with non annealed and annealed samples based sol-gel double layer. A yield of 100% has been reached with reinforced PCDP by sputtered SiAlxOy thin layer showing perfect electrical insulation. Since this yield is obtained on several samples, it can be extrapolated to any substrate size. Furthermore, according to Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES) measurements, these barrier layers exhibit excellent barrier properties against the diffusion of undesired atoms which could spoil the electronic and optical properties of CIGS based photovoltaic cells.
ABSTRACT Molybdenum films are investigated on stainless steel substrates coated with polysilazane... more ABSTRACT Molybdenum films are investigated on stainless steel substrates coated with polysilazane based sol–gel and SiOx layers for flexible CIGS solar cell applications. Thermal stability of the multilayer has been studied. The thickness of polysilazane films are significantly reduced (17%) after heat treatment suggesting a thermal degradation. Four different microstructures were found for Mo films by varying argon total pressure from 2.6 × 10− 1 Pa to 2.6 Pa. It was shown that continuous films, low sheet resistance (0.5 Ω/□) and well facetted grains can be achieved when Mo films are deposited on heated substrates at homologous temperature, T of 0.2.
Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, 1990
... peak should be attributed to the desorption of a chemisorbed layer since their adsorption tem... more ... peak should be attributed to the desorption of a chemisorbed layer since their adsorption temperature of 120 K is higher than the desorption ... Table 1. Vibrational frequencies (cm'1) ofCHiNH^in the solid phase in comparison with those obtained in the present study in the range ...
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