International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics
Students Teams Achievement Division (STAD) is a cooperative learning strategy in which learners w... more Students Teams Achievement Division (STAD) is a cooperative learning strategy in which learners work in heterogeneous groups to achieve a common goal. It has been widely used in teaching different subject areas under different settings. This study aimed at investigating the effects of STAD on motivation of Saudi EFL learners. Two intact groups of 1st semester students were selected. One group worked as the experimental group and the other one as the control group. A questionnaire was administered to both groups at the beginning of the semester. The experimental group was taught with STAD whereas the control group was taught with the traditional whole class teacher-fronted method. The treatment was administered for two weeks. The same questionnaire was re-administered after the treatment. The data was analyzed using independent samples t-test. Findings revealed that there was no significant difference (p = 0.36 > 0.05) between the experimental and the control groups in terms of mo...
This theoretical paper aims to describe the complex nature of second language learning motivation... more This theoretical paper aims to describe the complex nature of second language learning motivation, focusing on its types and history. Motivation is the process that accounts for a person's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort towards a goal-achievement. It is an essential phenomenon in almost every field of knowledge, including psychology, sociology, and education, to name a few. Several studies have been conducted on the role and rank of motivation in different contexts and knowledge fields. A large body of literature has also tried to relate motivation with a variety of variables. When it comes to second language learning, the vital role of motivation is indisputable. However, the more it is investigated, the more complex this construct comes to the surface. During the past few decades, its typological-historical critical review reveals that its fast-evolving phases have added to its complexity and importance at the same time. The paper concludes that motivation wil...
International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics (IJLEAL), 2015
Students Teams Achievement Division (STAD) is a cooperative learning strategy in which learners w... more Students Teams Achievement Division (STAD) is a cooperative learning strategy in which learners work in heterogeneous groups to achieve a common goal. It has been widely used in teaching different subject areas under different settings. This study aimed at investigating the effects of STAD on motivation of Saudi EFL learners. Two intact groups of 1st semester students were selected. One group worked as the experimental group and the other one as the control group. A questionnaire was administered to both groups at the beginning of the semester. The experimental group was taught with STAD whereas the control group was taught with the traditional whole class teacher-fronted method. The treatment was administered for two weeks. The same questionnaire was re-administered after the treatment. The data was analyzed using independent samples t-test. Findings revealed that there was no significant difference (p = 0.36 > 0.05) between the experimental and the control groups in terms of mo...
The book Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches by Creswell (201... more The book Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches by Creswell (2014) covers three approaches— qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. This educational book is informative and illustrative and is equally beneficial for students, teachers and researchers. Readers should have basic knowledge of research for better understanding of this book. There are two parts of the book. Part 1 (chapter 1-4) consists of steps for developing research proposal and part II (chapter 5-10) explains how to develop a research proposal or write a research report. A summary is given at the end of every chapter that helps the reader to recapitulate the ideas. Moreover, writing exercises and suggested readings at the end of every chapter are useful for the readers.
The book Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches by Creswell (201... more The book Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches by Creswell (2014) covers three approaches-qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. This educational book is informative and illustrative and is equally beneficial for students, teachers and researchers. Readers should have basic knowledge of research for better understanding of this book. There are two parts of the book. Part 1 (chapter 1-4) consists of steps for developing research proposal and part II (chapter 5-10) explains how to develop a research proposal or write a research report. A summary is given at the end of every chapter that helps the reader to recapitulate the ideas. Moreover, writing exercises and suggested readings at the end of every chapter are useful for the readers. Chapter 1 opens with-definition of research approaches and the author gives his opinion that selection of a research approach is based on the nature of the research problem, researchers' experience and the audience of the study. The author defines qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods research. A distinction is made between quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The author believes that interest in qualitative research increased in the latter half of the 20th century. The worldviews, Fraenkel, Wallen and Hyun (2012) and Onwuegbuzie and Leech (2005) call them paradigms, have been explained. Sometimes, the use of language becomes too philosophical and technical. This is probably because the author had to explain some technical terms.
International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature
This study aims at investigating the teachers’ practices and perceptions in teaching English in S... more This study aims at investigating the teachers’ practices and perceptions in teaching English in Saudi Arabia by viewing their stance on Cooperative Learning (CL) — an innovative teaching approach proposed to raise the language proficiency level of adult EFL learners. The study has been conducted in Qassim University, Saudi Arabia—a vibrant and flourishing EFL context. A quantitative tool (a questionnaire) has been used to collect data and to serve qualitative purposes. It reports 80 EFL teachers’ (40 males and 40 females) perceptions about CL using a 17-items comprehensive survey covering all the possible barriers in the way of implementing CL strategies in EFL classes. The survey items also explore how the EFL teachers in Saudi Arabia foresee the implications of making such an innovative move in their classes. The responses have been analyzed on a 5-point Likert scale which ranges from strongly disagree-disagree-neutral-agree-strongly agree. Major findings are that CL strategies ha...
International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 2017
This study aims at investigating the teachers' practices and perceptions in teaching English ... more This study aims at investigating the teachers' practices and perceptions in teaching English in Saudi Arabia by viewing their stance on Cooperative Learning (CL)-an innovative teaching approach proposed to raise the language proficiency level of adult EFL learners. The study has been conducted in Qassim University, Saudi Arabia-a vibrant and flourishing EFL context. A quantitative tool (a questionnaire) has been used to collect data and to serve qualitative purposes. It reports 80 EFL teachers' (40 males and 40 females) perceptions about CL using a 17-items comprehensive survey covering all the possible barriers in the way of implementing CL strategies in EFL classes. The survey items also explore how the EFL teachers in Saudi Arabia foresee the implications of making such an innovative move in their classes. The responses have been analyzed on a 5-point Likert scale which ranges from strongly disagree-disagree-neutral-agree-strongly agree. Major findings are that CL strateg...
International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 2017
This study aims at investigating the teachers' practices and perceptions in teaching English ... more This study aims at investigating the teachers' practices and perceptions in teaching English in Saudi Arabia by viewing their stance on Cooperative Learning (CL)-an innovative teaching approach proposed to raise the language proficiency level of adult EFL learners. The study has been conducted in Qassim University, Saudi Arabia-a vibrant and flourishing EFL context. A quantitative tool (a questionnaire) has been used to collect data and to serve qualitative purposes. It reports 80 EFL teachers' (40 males and 40 females) perceptions about CL using a 17-items comprehensive survey covering all the possible barriers in the way of implementing CL strategies in EFL classes. The survey items also explore how the EFL teachers in Saudi Arabia foresee the implications of making such an innovative move in their classes. The responses have been analyzed on a 5-point Likert scale which ranges from strongly disagree-disagree-neutral-agree-strongly agree. Major findings are that CL strateg...
Research Journal of Social Sciences & Economics Review, 2020
This theoretical paper aims to describe the complex nature of second language learning motivation... more This theoretical paper aims to describe the complex nature of second language learning motivation, focusing on its types and history. Motivation is the process that accounts for a person's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort towards a goal-achievement. It is an essential phenomenon in almost every field of knowledge, including psychology, sociology, and education, to name a few. Several studies have been conducted on the role and rank of motivation in different contexts and knowledge fields. A large body of literature has also tried to relate motivation with a variety of variables. When it comes to second language learning, the vital role of motivation is indisputable. However, the more it is investigated, the more complex this construct comes to the surface. During the past few decades, its typological-historical critical review reveals that its fast-evolving phases have added to its complexity and importance at the same time. The paper concludes that motivation will remain a complex construct; however, more in-depth, comprehensive, and serious investigations may help us understand this phenomenon. This paper has opened some curious questions which demand further field investigation and research probing.
Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) is a Cooperative Learning (CL) strategy that requires ... more Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) is a Cooperative Learning (CL) strategy that requires learners to work together in small groups to comprehend the given material. The current study is a review of the past studies on STAD’s effects in different areas of language in an EFL context. Initially, 39 studies were selected for the review. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria of selecting the more recent, relevant and generalizable ones, seventeen studies were identified. Though the review was not limited to quantitative studies, most of the review studies that came in focus are quantitative. The review suggests that most of the previous studies found support for the use of STAD. However, in some previous studies, STAD could not prove better or worse than the traditional teaching method, and in some studies, other CL strategies outperformed STAD. The study concludes that STAD is an effective teaching strategy, but it may have different results in different contexts, subjects, and participants. The study has opened many areas in the field of CL for future researchers to explain and explore the use of STAD and other CL strategies in EFL and ESL contexts.
International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 2017
This study aims at investigating the teachers’ practices and perceptions in teaching English in S... more This study aims at investigating the teachers’ practices and perceptions in teaching English in Saudi Arabia by viewing their stance on Cooperative Learning (CL) — an innovative teaching approach proposed to raise the language proficiency level of adult EFL learners. The study has been conducted in Qassim University, Saudi Arabia—a vibrant and flourishing EFL context. A quantitative tool (a questionnaire) has been used to collect data and to serve qualitative purposes. It reports 80 EFL teachers’ (40 males and 40 females) perceptions about CL using a 17-items comprehensive survey covering all the possible barriers in the way of implementing CL strategies in EFL classes. The survey items also explore how the EFL teachers in Saudi Arabia foresee the implications of making such an innovative move in their classes. The responses have been analyzed on a 5-point Likert scale which ranges from strongly disagree-disagree neutral-agree-strongly agree. Major findings are that CL strategies have practical barriers but their implications are far more positive. The barriers are mainly due to the wrong learning habits of the adult EFL learners in Qassim University and lack of will and vision of the educational administration. The study recommends that CL strategies need to be given due consideration and support by the administrators and policy makers to raise the proficiency level of adult EFL learners. The study also allays the misconception that majority of the practitioners in English language teaching field are not ready to practice and implement CL strategies in their classes.
Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) has been considered as an important cooperative learni... more Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) has been considered as an important cooperative learning strategy in progressive pedagogy. A number of studies have supported the use of STAD in different subject areas and in different socio-cultural contexts. However, it is still an under researched area in countries like Saudi Arabia where English is taught as a Foreign Language. This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Unaizah Community College, Saudi Arabia. Both the experimental group and the control group were tested on 2000-word vocabulary test. A vocabulary test was prepared and administered by the researchers at the beginning of the experiment as a pre-test. The experimental group was taught with Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) strategy whereas the control group was taught with traditional whole-class instruction method. The treatment was carried out for two weeks. At the end of the experiment, the same vocabulary test was re-administered as a post-test. Independent samples t-test was used to analyze the data using SPSS 21. Results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in favor of the experimental group (p= 0.002 < 0.05).
International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics (IJLEAL), 2015
Students Teams Achievement Division (STAD) is a cooperative learning strategy in which learners w... more Students Teams Achievement Division (STAD) is a cooperative learning strategy in which learners work in heterogeneous groups to achieve a common goal. It has been widely used in teaching different subject areas under different settings. This study aimed at investigating the effects of STAD on motivation of Saudi EFL learners. Two intact groups of 1st semester students were selected. One group worked as the experimental group and the other one as the control group. A questionnaire was administered to both groups at the beginning of the semester. The experimental group was taught with STAD whereas the control group was taught with the traditional whole class teacher-fronted method. The treatment was administered for two weeks. The same questionnaire was re-administered after the treatment. The data was analyzed using independent samples t-test. Findings revealed that there was no significant difference (p = 0.36 > 0.05) between the experimental and the control groups in terms of motivation.
International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics
Students Teams Achievement Division (STAD) is a cooperative learning strategy in which learners w... more Students Teams Achievement Division (STAD) is a cooperative learning strategy in which learners work in heterogeneous groups to achieve a common goal. It has been widely used in teaching different subject areas under different settings. This study aimed at investigating the effects of STAD on motivation of Saudi EFL learners. Two intact groups of 1st semester students were selected. One group worked as the experimental group and the other one as the control group. A questionnaire was administered to both groups at the beginning of the semester. The experimental group was taught with STAD whereas the control group was taught with the traditional whole class teacher-fronted method. The treatment was administered for two weeks. The same questionnaire was re-administered after the treatment. The data was analyzed using independent samples t-test. Findings revealed that there was no significant difference (p = 0.36 > 0.05) between the experimental and the control groups in terms of mo...
This theoretical paper aims to describe the complex nature of second language learning motivation... more This theoretical paper aims to describe the complex nature of second language learning motivation, focusing on its types and history. Motivation is the process that accounts for a person's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort towards a goal-achievement. It is an essential phenomenon in almost every field of knowledge, including psychology, sociology, and education, to name a few. Several studies have been conducted on the role and rank of motivation in different contexts and knowledge fields. A large body of literature has also tried to relate motivation with a variety of variables. When it comes to second language learning, the vital role of motivation is indisputable. However, the more it is investigated, the more complex this construct comes to the surface. During the past few decades, its typological-historical critical review reveals that its fast-evolving phases have added to its complexity and importance at the same time. The paper concludes that motivation wil...
International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics (IJLEAL), 2015
Students Teams Achievement Division (STAD) is a cooperative learning strategy in which learners w... more Students Teams Achievement Division (STAD) is a cooperative learning strategy in which learners work in heterogeneous groups to achieve a common goal. It has been widely used in teaching different subject areas under different settings. This study aimed at investigating the effects of STAD on motivation of Saudi EFL learners. Two intact groups of 1st semester students were selected. One group worked as the experimental group and the other one as the control group. A questionnaire was administered to both groups at the beginning of the semester. The experimental group was taught with STAD whereas the control group was taught with the traditional whole class teacher-fronted method. The treatment was administered for two weeks. The same questionnaire was re-administered after the treatment. The data was analyzed using independent samples t-test. Findings revealed that there was no significant difference (p = 0.36 > 0.05) between the experimental and the control groups in terms of mo...
The book Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches by Creswell (201... more The book Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches by Creswell (2014) covers three approaches— qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. This educational book is informative and illustrative and is equally beneficial for students, teachers and researchers. Readers should have basic knowledge of research for better understanding of this book. There are two parts of the book. Part 1 (chapter 1-4) consists of steps for developing research proposal and part II (chapter 5-10) explains how to develop a research proposal or write a research report. A summary is given at the end of every chapter that helps the reader to recapitulate the ideas. Moreover, writing exercises and suggested readings at the end of every chapter are useful for the readers.
The book Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches by Creswell (201... more The book Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches by Creswell (2014) covers three approaches-qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. This educational book is informative and illustrative and is equally beneficial for students, teachers and researchers. Readers should have basic knowledge of research for better understanding of this book. There are two parts of the book. Part 1 (chapter 1-4) consists of steps for developing research proposal and part II (chapter 5-10) explains how to develop a research proposal or write a research report. A summary is given at the end of every chapter that helps the reader to recapitulate the ideas. Moreover, writing exercises and suggested readings at the end of every chapter are useful for the readers. Chapter 1 opens with-definition of research approaches and the author gives his opinion that selection of a research approach is based on the nature of the research problem, researchers' experience and the audience of the study. The author defines qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods research. A distinction is made between quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The author believes that interest in qualitative research increased in the latter half of the 20th century. The worldviews, Fraenkel, Wallen and Hyun (2012) and Onwuegbuzie and Leech (2005) call them paradigms, have been explained. Sometimes, the use of language becomes too philosophical and technical. This is probably because the author had to explain some technical terms.
International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature
This study aims at investigating the teachers’ practices and perceptions in teaching English in S... more This study aims at investigating the teachers’ practices and perceptions in teaching English in Saudi Arabia by viewing their stance on Cooperative Learning (CL) — an innovative teaching approach proposed to raise the language proficiency level of adult EFL learners. The study has been conducted in Qassim University, Saudi Arabia—a vibrant and flourishing EFL context. A quantitative tool (a questionnaire) has been used to collect data and to serve qualitative purposes. It reports 80 EFL teachers’ (40 males and 40 females) perceptions about CL using a 17-items comprehensive survey covering all the possible barriers in the way of implementing CL strategies in EFL classes. The survey items also explore how the EFL teachers in Saudi Arabia foresee the implications of making such an innovative move in their classes. The responses have been analyzed on a 5-point Likert scale which ranges from strongly disagree-disagree-neutral-agree-strongly agree. Major findings are that CL strategies ha...
International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 2017
This study aims at investigating the teachers' practices and perceptions in teaching English ... more This study aims at investigating the teachers' practices and perceptions in teaching English in Saudi Arabia by viewing their stance on Cooperative Learning (CL)-an innovative teaching approach proposed to raise the language proficiency level of adult EFL learners. The study has been conducted in Qassim University, Saudi Arabia-a vibrant and flourishing EFL context. A quantitative tool (a questionnaire) has been used to collect data and to serve qualitative purposes. It reports 80 EFL teachers' (40 males and 40 females) perceptions about CL using a 17-items comprehensive survey covering all the possible barriers in the way of implementing CL strategies in EFL classes. The survey items also explore how the EFL teachers in Saudi Arabia foresee the implications of making such an innovative move in their classes. The responses have been analyzed on a 5-point Likert scale which ranges from strongly disagree-disagree-neutral-agree-strongly agree. Major findings are that CL strateg...
International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 2017
This study aims at investigating the teachers' practices and perceptions in teaching English ... more This study aims at investigating the teachers' practices and perceptions in teaching English in Saudi Arabia by viewing their stance on Cooperative Learning (CL)-an innovative teaching approach proposed to raise the language proficiency level of adult EFL learners. The study has been conducted in Qassim University, Saudi Arabia-a vibrant and flourishing EFL context. A quantitative tool (a questionnaire) has been used to collect data and to serve qualitative purposes. It reports 80 EFL teachers' (40 males and 40 females) perceptions about CL using a 17-items comprehensive survey covering all the possible barriers in the way of implementing CL strategies in EFL classes. The survey items also explore how the EFL teachers in Saudi Arabia foresee the implications of making such an innovative move in their classes. The responses have been analyzed on a 5-point Likert scale which ranges from strongly disagree-disagree-neutral-agree-strongly agree. Major findings are that CL strateg...
Research Journal of Social Sciences & Economics Review, 2020
This theoretical paper aims to describe the complex nature of second language learning motivation... more This theoretical paper aims to describe the complex nature of second language learning motivation, focusing on its types and history. Motivation is the process that accounts for a person's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort towards a goal-achievement. It is an essential phenomenon in almost every field of knowledge, including psychology, sociology, and education, to name a few. Several studies have been conducted on the role and rank of motivation in different contexts and knowledge fields. A large body of literature has also tried to relate motivation with a variety of variables. When it comes to second language learning, the vital role of motivation is indisputable. However, the more it is investigated, the more complex this construct comes to the surface. During the past few decades, its typological-historical critical review reveals that its fast-evolving phases have added to its complexity and importance at the same time. The paper concludes that motivation will remain a complex construct; however, more in-depth, comprehensive, and serious investigations may help us understand this phenomenon. This paper has opened some curious questions which demand further field investigation and research probing.
Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) is a Cooperative Learning (CL) strategy that requires ... more Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) is a Cooperative Learning (CL) strategy that requires learners to work together in small groups to comprehend the given material. The current study is a review of the past studies on STAD’s effects in different areas of language in an EFL context. Initially, 39 studies were selected for the review. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria of selecting the more recent, relevant and generalizable ones, seventeen studies were identified. Though the review was not limited to quantitative studies, most of the review studies that came in focus are quantitative. The review suggests that most of the previous studies found support for the use of STAD. However, in some previous studies, STAD could not prove better or worse than the traditional teaching method, and in some studies, other CL strategies outperformed STAD. The study concludes that STAD is an effective teaching strategy, but it may have different results in different contexts, subjects, and participants. The study has opened many areas in the field of CL for future researchers to explain and explore the use of STAD and other CL strategies in EFL and ESL contexts.
International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 2017
This study aims at investigating the teachers’ practices and perceptions in teaching English in S... more This study aims at investigating the teachers’ practices and perceptions in teaching English in Saudi Arabia by viewing their stance on Cooperative Learning (CL) — an innovative teaching approach proposed to raise the language proficiency level of adult EFL learners. The study has been conducted in Qassim University, Saudi Arabia—a vibrant and flourishing EFL context. A quantitative tool (a questionnaire) has been used to collect data and to serve qualitative purposes. It reports 80 EFL teachers’ (40 males and 40 females) perceptions about CL using a 17-items comprehensive survey covering all the possible barriers in the way of implementing CL strategies in EFL classes. The survey items also explore how the EFL teachers in Saudi Arabia foresee the implications of making such an innovative move in their classes. The responses have been analyzed on a 5-point Likert scale which ranges from strongly disagree-disagree neutral-agree-strongly agree. Major findings are that CL strategies have practical barriers but their implications are far more positive. The barriers are mainly due to the wrong learning habits of the adult EFL learners in Qassim University and lack of will and vision of the educational administration. The study recommends that CL strategies need to be given due consideration and support by the administrators and policy makers to raise the proficiency level of adult EFL learners. The study also allays the misconception that majority of the practitioners in English language teaching field are not ready to practice and implement CL strategies in their classes.
Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) has been considered as an important cooperative learni... more Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) has been considered as an important cooperative learning strategy in progressive pedagogy. A number of studies have supported the use of STAD in different subject areas and in different socio-cultural contexts. However, it is still an under researched area in countries like Saudi Arabia where English is taught as a Foreign Language. This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Unaizah Community College, Saudi Arabia. Both the experimental group and the control group were tested on 2000-word vocabulary test. A vocabulary test was prepared and administered by the researchers at the beginning of the experiment as a pre-test. The experimental group was taught with Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) strategy whereas the control group was taught with traditional whole-class instruction method. The treatment was carried out for two weeks. At the end of the experiment, the same vocabulary test was re-administered as a post-test. Independent samples t-test was used to analyze the data using SPSS 21. Results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in favor of the experimental group (p= 0.002 < 0.05).
International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics (IJLEAL), 2015
Students Teams Achievement Division (STAD) is a cooperative learning strategy in which learners w... more Students Teams Achievement Division (STAD) is a cooperative learning strategy in which learners work in heterogeneous groups to achieve a common goal. It has been widely used in teaching different subject areas under different settings. This study aimed at investigating the effects of STAD on motivation of Saudi EFL learners. Two intact groups of 1st semester students were selected. One group worked as the experimental group and the other one as the control group. A questionnaire was administered to both groups at the beginning of the semester. The experimental group was taught with STAD whereas the control group was taught with the traditional whole class teacher-fronted method. The treatment was administered for two weeks. The same questionnaire was re-administered after the treatment. The data was analyzed using independent samples t-test. Findings revealed that there was no significant difference (p = 0.36 > 0.05) between the experimental and the control groups in terms of motivation.
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Papers by Muhammad Ishtiaq
17-items comprehensive survey covering all the possible barriers in the way of implementing CL strategies in EFL classes. The survey items also explore how the EFL teachers in Saudi Arabia foresee the implications of making such an innovative move in their classes. The responses
have been analyzed on a 5-point Likert scale which ranges from strongly disagree-disagree neutral-agree-strongly agree. Major findings are that CL strategies have practical barriers but their implications are far more positive. The barriers are mainly due to the wrong learning habits
of the adult EFL learners in Qassim University and lack of will and vision of the educational administration. The study recommends that CL strategies need to be given due consideration and support by the administrators and policy makers to raise the proficiency level of adult EFL learners. The study also allays the misconception that majority of the practitioners in English language teaching field are not ready to practice and implement CL strategies in their classes.
vocabulary test was prepared and administered by the researchers at the beginning of the experiment as a pre-test. The experimental group was taught with Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) strategy whereas the control group was taught with traditional whole-class
instruction method. The treatment was carried out for two weeks. At the end of the experiment, the same vocabulary test was re-administered as a post-test. Independent samples t-test was used to analyze the data using SPSS 21. Results showed that there was a significant difference
between the experimental group and the control group in favor of the experimental group (p= 0.002 < 0.05).
17-items comprehensive survey covering all the possible barriers in the way of implementing CL strategies in EFL classes. The survey items also explore how the EFL teachers in Saudi Arabia foresee the implications of making such an innovative move in their classes. The responses
have been analyzed on a 5-point Likert scale which ranges from strongly disagree-disagree neutral-agree-strongly agree. Major findings are that CL strategies have practical barriers but their implications are far more positive. The barriers are mainly due to the wrong learning habits
of the adult EFL learners in Qassim University and lack of will and vision of the educational administration. The study recommends that CL strategies need to be given due consideration and support by the administrators and policy makers to raise the proficiency level of adult EFL learners. The study also allays the misconception that majority of the practitioners in English language teaching field are not ready to practice and implement CL strategies in their classes.
vocabulary test was prepared and administered by the researchers at the beginning of the experiment as a pre-test. The experimental group was taught with Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) strategy whereas the control group was taught with traditional whole-class
instruction method. The treatment was carried out for two weeks. At the end of the experiment, the same vocabulary test was re-administered as a post-test. Independent samples t-test was used to analyze the data using SPSS 21. Results showed that there was a significant difference
between the experimental group and the control group in favor of the experimental group (p= 0.002 < 0.05).