Semisolid preparations are widely used to deliver drugs through the skin, cornea, rectal tissue, ... more Semisolid preparations are widely used to deliver drugs through the skin, cornea, rectal tissue, nasal mucosa, vagina, buccal tissue, urethral membrane, and outer ear lining. They can prevent the first-pass metabolism, reduce side effects, provide immediate local effects, and increase patient compliance. However, an improper manufacturing process will produce a system with bad characteristics, one of which is the mixing process. Several conditions that need to be considered, such as vacuum, temperature, humidity, pressure, stirring speed, stirring time, shear stress, the volume of the mixture, and type of impeller, can affect the consistency, size, and dispersion of particle size, homogeneity, porosity, reactivity, and other characteristics that affect the quality of the semisolid system. Therefore, this article discusses the critical aspects of semisolid mixing, the types, principles, and specifications of several mixer tools and impellers, and how they affect the characteristics of semisolid systems. This review concludes that each type of semisolid preparation requires an impeller and mixer with the specifications and mixing conditions that suit the needs in maintaining the stability and quality of the semisolid system.
International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, Nov 26, 2022
Objective: This study aimed to examine Morus sp. compounds bonding mode with critical amino acid ... more Objective: This study aimed to examine Morus sp. compounds bonding mode with critical amino acid residues in the binding pocket of the enzyme TRP1 in In silico so that it can be used as a support in the design of skin-lightening cosmetics based on Morus sp. Methods: Docking is done using autodock tools software, chem office 2019, ChemDraw professional 12, autodock 4.2, discovery studio 2016. Results: Isorhamnetin has two hydrogen bonds to amino acids Met215 and Asn205. Other compounds found in Morus sp., which have hydrogen bonds with Asn205, are dihydromorin, kaempferol, quercitrin, rutin, and morusin. Conclusion: Isorhamnetin has the best potential among other compounds as a tyrosinase inhibitor by hydrogen binding to the amino acid Met 215, and Asn205 has a free energy of-6.16 kcal/mol.
Gedong mango plant (Mangifera indica L.var.Gedong) is a plant that has potential as herbal medici... more Gedong mango plant (Mangifera indica L.var.Gedong) is a plant that has potential as herbal medicine, especially in its leaves because it contains many secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, saponins, gallic tannins, catecat tannins, quinones and steroids or triterpenoids which can be used as antioxidants, antimicrobial and dandruff. This study aims to gedong mango leaf extract concentrations of 5%, 7%, and 10% in hair tonic preparations and to test the antidandruff activity. Gedong mango leaf simplicia (Mangifera indica L.var.Gedong) was extracted using the Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method with Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) sodium acetate dan lactic acid solvents with a molar ratlactic1:3. Hair tonic preparations are made in three formulas with the active ingredient of mango gedong leaf extract at a concentration of 5%, 7%, and 10%. Evaluation of hair tonic pr, separation air tonic preparation evaluation includes organ anoleptic, homogeneity, pH, and viscosity ...
Semisolid preparations are widely used to deliver drugs through the skin, cornea, rectal tissue, ... more Semisolid preparations are widely used to deliver drugs through the skin, cornea, rectal tissue, nasal mucosa, vagina, buccal tissue, urethral membrane, and outer ear lining. They can prevent the first-pass metabolism, reduce side effects, provide immediate local effects, and increase patient compliance. However, an improper manufacturing process will produce a system with bad characteristics, one of which is the mixing process. Several conditions that need to be considered, such as vacuum, temperature, humidity, pressure, stirring speed, stirring time, shear stress, the volume of the mixture, and type of impeller, can affect the consistency, size, and dispersion of particle size, homogeneity, porosity, reactivity, and other characteristics that affect the quality of the semisolid system. Therefore, this article discusses the critical aspects of semisolid mixing, the types, principles, and specifications of several mixer tools and impellers, and how they affect the characteristics o...
Objective: This study's purpose was to formulate a spray gel containing the combination extra... more Objective: This study's purpose was to formulate a spray gel containing the combination extract of gedong mango leaves and mulberry leaves as a sunscreen preparation. Methods: Each leaf was extracted by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent-Maceration Assisted Extraction (NADES-MAE) method. The extract (gedong mango and mulberry leaves) formulated in Carbopol Spray Gel/GM-CarSG) in a ratio of GL and ML were 3:0.5 (GM-CarSG 1); 3:3 (GM-CarSG 2); and 3:6 (GM-CarSG 3). Furthermore, the spray gel was evaluated, and the SPF value was determined. Results: The physical appearance, spreadability, pH, and viscosity of GM-CarSG 1, GM-CarSG 2, and GM-CarSG 3 meet the requirements. In addition, the three preparation have a sunscreen activity, with the SPF value of GM-CarSG 1, GM-CarSG 2, and GM-CarSG 3 being 2.08+0.03; 2.78+0.05; and 3.53+0.04, respectively. Conclusion: The results showed that the combination of GL and ML extract is potentially used as a sunscreen in spray gel preparation. The best...
Tanaman obat keluarga merupakan pemanfaatan tanaman berkhasiat obat yang terdapat di halaman, pek... more Tanaman obat keluarga merupakan pemanfaatan tanaman berkhasiat obat yang terdapat di halaman, pekarangan atau di kebun dalam upaya memenuhi kebutuhan obat keluarga. Beberapa contoh tanaman obat keluarga adalah Curcuma domesticae L., Greater Galangal, Celery yang mengandung senyawa flavonoid sebagai senyawa utama yang bertanggung jawab akan aktivitas biologis dan menunjukkan sifat anti-inflamasi, antivirus, anti bakteri, antioksidan, dan aktivitas nematosidal. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan di Graha Yatim Dhuafa Kertawinangun akan manfaat tanaman obat keluarga mudah ditemukan di pekarangan rumah. Metode pada pengabdian ini menggunakan instrument lembar post test dan pre test untuk mengevaluasi daya tangkap anak sebelum dan sesudah dilakukannya penyuluhan oleh pihak mahasiswa yang kemudian dinilai dan dibuat grafik dari nilai tersebut. Setelah dilakukannya pengolahan nilai, diketahui nilai rata-rata pre test adalah 60,5 sedangkan nilai ratara...
The ESC Textbook of Intensive and Acute Cardiovascular Care, 2021
Specialist palliative care services originally focused on improving the quality of life for patie... more Specialist palliative care services originally focused on improving the quality of life for patients with a diagnosis of cancer in the terminal phase of their illness. However, organizations, such as the World Health Organization, supported by national strategies, such as the End of Life Care Strategy (United Kingdom, 2008), promote the early integration of specialist palliative care into the management of patients with incurable disease, irrespective of the diagnosis. The primary goal of the intensive cardiac care unit is to help patients survive acute threats to their lives. However, the suddenness and severity of illness, particularly when associated with an underlying cardiological diagnosis, often means that the provision of optimal specialist palliative care is challenging. This chapter addresses key issues relating to the provision of specialist palliative care in the challenging and complex environment of the intensive cardiac care unit, including symptom control, end of lif...
Kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L) terbukti memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Kandungan xan... more Kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L) terbukti memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Kandungan xanton dalam kulit buah manggis dapat bersifat sebagai antioksidan. Senyawa lain dalam kulit buah manggis yang diketahui mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan adalah polifenol, antosianin, dan tannin. Penelitian memformulasikan lotion ekstrak etanol kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.), dan menguji stabilitas serta aktivitas antioksidannya. Simplisia kulit buah manggis diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui stabilitas dan nilai IC50 lotion ekstrak etanol kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) dengan konsentrasi 0,5%; 1%; 1,5% dan 2%. Prosedur penelitian ini meliputi persiapan simplisia, pengujian pendahuluan, pembuatan ekstrak etanol kulit buah manggis, pembuatan sediaan lotion ekstrak etanol kulit buah manggis, uji stabilitas lotion dan uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH. Lotion ekstrak etanol kuli...
Covid-19 merupakan wabah yang kini tengah menjadi keresahan di masyarakat. Penyakit Covid-19 dise... more Covid-19 merupakan wabah yang kini tengah menjadi keresahan di masyarakat. Penyakit Covid-19 disebabkan oleh virus SARS-COV-2 atau virus Corona. Virus Corona ini pertama kali muncul di Wuhan, Provinsi Hubei, China pada Desember 2019 dengan gejala ringan seperti flu atau infeksi pernapasan berat seperti peneumonia dan penyebarannya sangat cepat dapat menular dari doplet yang keluar saat batuk dan bersin. Salah satu alternatif yang digunakan untuk pengobatan penyakit Covid-19 ialah dengan tanaman obat. Penambatan molekul (Molecular Docking) merupakan salah satu metode in silico (virtual) berbasis struktur yang paling sering digunakan dan paling sederhana. Tujuan dari review jurnal untuk mengetahui senyawa aktif pada tanaman obat yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai pengobatan Covid-19 berdasarkan dari beberapa studi secara in-silico. Metode pencarian jurnal dilakukan melalui website https://scholar.google.co.id/ dengan menggunakan kata kunci molecular docking Covid-19 senyawa ...
Treatment of diseasesusing plant-based medicines hadincreased significantly which waspredicted du... more Treatment of diseasesusing plant-based medicines hadincreased significantly which waspredicted due to its fewer side effects. However, some of the medicinal plantsmight not be scientifically tested, hence their side effects remainunknown. It is necessary to carry out a toxicity study to ensure the safety ofthe plants in the animal models.This review article aims to provide comprehensive information about the toxicity study of medicinal plants. Various factors could influence the results of the assay,starting from the harvesting of the plants,the drying, the plant extraction, the determining of doses used, the animals housing and feeding conditions, the measurement of body and organ weight, the serum preparation and organ isolation, biochemical, hematology, and histopathology parameters.The most influential factor in toxicity study is the dose of the plant extracts.
Semisolid preparations are widely used to deliver drugs through the skin, cornea, rectal tissue, ... more Semisolid preparations are widely used to deliver drugs through the skin, cornea, rectal tissue, nasal mucosa, vagina, buccal tissue, urethral membrane, and outer ear lining. They can prevent the first-pass metabolism, reduce side effects, provide immediate local effects, and increase patient compliance. However, an improper manufacturing process will produce a system with bad characteristics, one of which is the mixing process. Several conditions that need to be considered, such as vacuum, temperature, humidity, pressure, stirring speed, stirring time, shear stress, the volume of the mixture, and type of impeller, can affect the consistency, size, and dispersion of particle size, homogeneity, porosity, reactivity, and other characteristics that affect the quality of the semisolid system. Therefore, this article discusses the critical aspects of semisolid mixing, the types, principles, and specifications of several mixer tools and impellers, and how they affect the characteristics of semisolid systems. This review concludes that each type of semisolid preparation requires an impeller and mixer with the specifications and mixing conditions that suit the needs in maintaining the stability and quality of the semisolid system.
International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, Nov 26, 2022
Objective: This study aimed to examine Morus sp. compounds bonding mode with critical amino acid ... more Objective: This study aimed to examine Morus sp. compounds bonding mode with critical amino acid residues in the binding pocket of the enzyme TRP1 in In silico so that it can be used as a support in the design of skin-lightening cosmetics based on Morus sp. Methods: Docking is done using autodock tools software, chem office 2019, ChemDraw professional 12, autodock 4.2, discovery studio 2016. Results: Isorhamnetin has two hydrogen bonds to amino acids Met215 and Asn205. Other compounds found in Morus sp., which have hydrogen bonds with Asn205, are dihydromorin, kaempferol, quercitrin, rutin, and morusin. Conclusion: Isorhamnetin has the best potential among other compounds as a tyrosinase inhibitor by hydrogen binding to the amino acid Met 215, and Asn205 has a free energy of-6.16 kcal/mol.
Gedong mango plant (Mangifera indica L.var.Gedong) is a plant that has potential as herbal medici... more Gedong mango plant (Mangifera indica L.var.Gedong) is a plant that has potential as herbal medicine, especially in its leaves because it contains many secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, saponins, gallic tannins, catecat tannins, quinones and steroids or triterpenoids which can be used as antioxidants, antimicrobial and dandruff. This study aims to gedong mango leaf extract concentrations of 5%, 7%, and 10% in hair tonic preparations and to test the antidandruff activity. Gedong mango leaf simplicia (Mangifera indica L.var.Gedong) was extracted using the Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method with Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) sodium acetate dan lactic acid solvents with a molar ratlactic1:3. Hair tonic preparations are made in three formulas with the active ingredient of mango gedong leaf extract at a concentration of 5%, 7%, and 10%. Evaluation of hair tonic pr, separation air tonic preparation evaluation includes organ anoleptic, homogeneity, pH, and viscosity ...
Semisolid preparations are widely used to deliver drugs through the skin, cornea, rectal tissue, ... more Semisolid preparations are widely used to deliver drugs through the skin, cornea, rectal tissue, nasal mucosa, vagina, buccal tissue, urethral membrane, and outer ear lining. They can prevent the first-pass metabolism, reduce side effects, provide immediate local effects, and increase patient compliance. However, an improper manufacturing process will produce a system with bad characteristics, one of which is the mixing process. Several conditions that need to be considered, such as vacuum, temperature, humidity, pressure, stirring speed, stirring time, shear stress, the volume of the mixture, and type of impeller, can affect the consistency, size, and dispersion of particle size, homogeneity, porosity, reactivity, and other characteristics that affect the quality of the semisolid system. Therefore, this article discusses the critical aspects of semisolid mixing, the types, principles, and specifications of several mixer tools and impellers, and how they affect the characteristics o...
Objective: This study's purpose was to formulate a spray gel containing the combination extra... more Objective: This study's purpose was to formulate a spray gel containing the combination extract of gedong mango leaves and mulberry leaves as a sunscreen preparation. Methods: Each leaf was extracted by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent-Maceration Assisted Extraction (NADES-MAE) method. The extract (gedong mango and mulberry leaves) formulated in Carbopol Spray Gel/GM-CarSG) in a ratio of GL and ML were 3:0.5 (GM-CarSG 1); 3:3 (GM-CarSG 2); and 3:6 (GM-CarSG 3). Furthermore, the spray gel was evaluated, and the SPF value was determined. Results: The physical appearance, spreadability, pH, and viscosity of GM-CarSG 1, GM-CarSG 2, and GM-CarSG 3 meet the requirements. In addition, the three preparation have a sunscreen activity, with the SPF value of GM-CarSG 1, GM-CarSG 2, and GM-CarSG 3 being 2.08+0.03; 2.78+0.05; and 3.53+0.04, respectively. Conclusion: The results showed that the combination of GL and ML extract is potentially used as a sunscreen in spray gel preparation. The best...
Tanaman obat keluarga merupakan pemanfaatan tanaman berkhasiat obat yang terdapat di halaman, pek... more Tanaman obat keluarga merupakan pemanfaatan tanaman berkhasiat obat yang terdapat di halaman, pekarangan atau di kebun dalam upaya memenuhi kebutuhan obat keluarga. Beberapa contoh tanaman obat keluarga adalah Curcuma domesticae L., Greater Galangal, Celery yang mengandung senyawa flavonoid sebagai senyawa utama yang bertanggung jawab akan aktivitas biologis dan menunjukkan sifat anti-inflamasi, antivirus, anti bakteri, antioksidan, dan aktivitas nematosidal. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan di Graha Yatim Dhuafa Kertawinangun akan manfaat tanaman obat keluarga mudah ditemukan di pekarangan rumah. Metode pada pengabdian ini menggunakan instrument lembar post test dan pre test untuk mengevaluasi daya tangkap anak sebelum dan sesudah dilakukannya penyuluhan oleh pihak mahasiswa yang kemudian dinilai dan dibuat grafik dari nilai tersebut. Setelah dilakukannya pengolahan nilai, diketahui nilai rata-rata pre test adalah 60,5 sedangkan nilai ratara...
The ESC Textbook of Intensive and Acute Cardiovascular Care, 2021
Specialist palliative care services originally focused on improving the quality of life for patie... more Specialist palliative care services originally focused on improving the quality of life for patients with a diagnosis of cancer in the terminal phase of their illness. However, organizations, such as the World Health Organization, supported by national strategies, such as the End of Life Care Strategy (United Kingdom, 2008), promote the early integration of specialist palliative care into the management of patients with incurable disease, irrespective of the diagnosis. The primary goal of the intensive cardiac care unit is to help patients survive acute threats to their lives. However, the suddenness and severity of illness, particularly when associated with an underlying cardiological diagnosis, often means that the provision of optimal specialist palliative care is challenging. This chapter addresses key issues relating to the provision of specialist palliative care in the challenging and complex environment of the intensive cardiac care unit, including symptom control, end of lif...
Kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L) terbukti memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Kandungan xan... more Kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L) terbukti memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Kandungan xanton dalam kulit buah manggis dapat bersifat sebagai antioksidan. Senyawa lain dalam kulit buah manggis yang diketahui mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan adalah polifenol, antosianin, dan tannin. Penelitian memformulasikan lotion ekstrak etanol kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.), dan menguji stabilitas serta aktivitas antioksidannya. Simplisia kulit buah manggis diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui stabilitas dan nilai IC50 lotion ekstrak etanol kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) dengan konsentrasi 0,5%; 1%; 1,5% dan 2%. Prosedur penelitian ini meliputi persiapan simplisia, pengujian pendahuluan, pembuatan ekstrak etanol kulit buah manggis, pembuatan sediaan lotion ekstrak etanol kulit buah manggis, uji stabilitas lotion dan uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH. Lotion ekstrak etanol kuli...
Covid-19 merupakan wabah yang kini tengah menjadi keresahan di masyarakat. Penyakit Covid-19 dise... more Covid-19 merupakan wabah yang kini tengah menjadi keresahan di masyarakat. Penyakit Covid-19 disebabkan oleh virus SARS-COV-2 atau virus Corona. Virus Corona ini pertama kali muncul di Wuhan, Provinsi Hubei, China pada Desember 2019 dengan gejala ringan seperti flu atau infeksi pernapasan berat seperti peneumonia dan penyebarannya sangat cepat dapat menular dari doplet yang keluar saat batuk dan bersin. Salah satu alternatif yang digunakan untuk pengobatan penyakit Covid-19 ialah dengan tanaman obat. Penambatan molekul (Molecular Docking) merupakan salah satu metode in silico (virtual) berbasis struktur yang paling sering digunakan dan paling sederhana. Tujuan dari review jurnal untuk mengetahui senyawa aktif pada tanaman obat yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai pengobatan Covid-19 berdasarkan dari beberapa studi secara in-silico. Metode pencarian jurnal dilakukan melalui website https://scholar.google.co.id/ dengan menggunakan kata kunci molecular docking Covid-19 senyawa ...
Treatment of diseasesusing plant-based medicines hadincreased significantly which waspredicted du... more Treatment of diseasesusing plant-based medicines hadincreased significantly which waspredicted due to its fewer side effects. However, some of the medicinal plantsmight not be scientifically tested, hence their side effects remainunknown. It is necessary to carry out a toxicity study to ensure the safety ofthe plants in the animal models.This review article aims to provide comprehensive information about the toxicity study of medicinal plants. Various factors could influence the results of the assay,starting from the harvesting of the plants,the drying, the plant extraction, the determining of doses used, the animals housing and feeding conditions, the measurement of body and organ weight, the serum preparation and organ isolation, biochemical, hematology, and histopathology parameters.The most influential factor in toxicity study is the dose of the plant extracts.
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