This section opens up a discussion by reviewing the research project as a whole in the light of t... more This section opens up a discussion by reviewing the research project as a whole in the light of the results achieved by the generative approach in an attempt to see the relevance these my have on urban design processes. By this, it aims to draw the final conclusions regarding the implications of this generative approach in the design of urban space using both, the descriptive and generative material presented in this report.
In the last section the form-generating model has been introduced by presenting the fundamental r... more In the last section the form-generating model has been introduced by presenting the fundamental rules and restrictions underlying the development of the script written in Processing, and their interactions in driving city forms. The many experiments presented in Paper 5 demonstrated the implications of each of the generative rules and restrictions on the morphologies and their prevailing dispositions in creating typical characteristics. However, the principle aim of the present study is to develop a model capable of generating systems displaying a kind of higher order from the application of only local rules. A large number of runs have been carried out by adjusting and varying the values of the parameters to find out the implications of the combined effect of these parameters on the growing morphologies in the hope of establishing tendencies in spatial formations and thereby typologies. The present section aims then to demonstrate how variation in the connectivity rules and in the control mechanisms of the agents’ movements create tendencies in the emergent patterns and by extension typological tendencies.
This section introduces the form-generating model by presenting the fundamental rules and restric... more This section introduces the form-generating model by presenting the fundamental rules and restrictions underlying the development of the script written in Processing, and their interactions in driving city forms. ‘Connectivity’ between the basic urban components and ‘Movements’ of mobile agents and their inter-dependency, constitute the building blocks of the form-generating process. The next section of this study aims to demonstrate how variation in the connectivity rules and in the control mechanisms of the agents’ movements create tendencies in the emergent patterns and by extension typological tendencies.
Paper Two outlined the mainstream concepts in urban space design and showed their limitations in ... more Paper Two outlined the mainstream concepts in urban space design and showed their limitations in creating a ‘desired quality’ or ‘goodness’ often observed in unplanned settlement forms. The present section will attempt to isolate the generic spatial properties underlying the unplanned settlement forms by considering examples of different settlement types that emerged within similar environmental conditions; and similar settlement forms that occurred in different environmental settings. Cross-cultural similarities will also be considered The definition of these generic characteristics will constitute the building blocks for the development of the generative model, which will hopefully create a new platform not only for understanding but also for re-thinking the ‘frontiers’ in which urban space can be conceived, designed and produced. The aim of this section is not to present an extensive description of the existing ‘unplanned’ settlements, but mainly to show the large variety in settlement forms but also consistent similarities that cannot be explained or accounted for only in environmental or cultural terms. In this respect, a sample of various settlements, villages, small and large cities within similar and different geographical settings and across different cultures, have been selected.
This section paves the ground for developing a design approach based on the concept of Emergence... more This section paves the ground for developing a design approach based on the concept of Emergence to tackle issues relating to the built environment, by reviewing some of the existing techniques and approaches to urban modelling. This is by no means extensive but only aims to open up debates on how urban development can be conceived, designed and implemented on the basis of algorithmic definitions which could embed effective strategies to tackle design issues of sustainability.
The present study aims to explore the concept of Emergence and Self-organisation as a new approac... more The present study aims to explore the concept of Emergence and Self-organisation as a new approach in the design process of urban systems. This strategy implies a Bottom-Up process in the formation of urban systems. However, urban development complies with various standards, guidelines and regulations concerning Building Control, Planning and Urban Policies, a Top-Down process by nature. How to reconcile the two processes is one of the objectives of this study.
According to Schumacher, a Bottom-up urban growth process can still occur and emerge from the speculative nature of the market forces driving the real estate development (Schumacker, P., 2012). In his article ‘Urbanism beyond Planning’ , Schumacher retraces the rise and fall of modern urbanism through the economic and social dynamisms of the 20th century, and speculates on the possibilities of emergence of a ‘bottom up urbanism that produces urban order, coherence and urban identity without [master] planning’.
It is argued that the contextual parameters and the normative attributes of the built environment which constitute the backbone of contemporary urban interventions are part of the extrinsic constraints that influence the ‘economics and functionality’ of urban systems, rendering the formation more adapted and best fitted to its environment in legislative or geographical sense. In this respect, urban modelling becomes an exercise of optimization through form-finding procedures. The aim in this paper is not to present an extensive review of urban design models and theories, but to look at the main trends that contributed and are still influential in the shaping of the built environment.
This paper is part of a recent research work, A Generative Urban Design Strategy: Massing & Circu... more This paper is part of a recent research work, A Generative Urban Design Strategy: Massing & Circulation, undertaken by the author in the course of the preparation of an MA in 'Architectural Digital Design Systems. All chapters that formed the thesis will be uploaded as separate papers, Paper One being the ‘Introduction’ of the study.
This section attempts to introduce the concept of ‘Emergence’ to understanding the relationship between ‘Form, Structure and Complexity’ and its application in the current architectural discourses. By reviewing the existing literature, it is hoped to define more clearly the theoretical framework for this research work
This section opens up a discussion by reviewing the research project as a whole in the light of t... more This section opens up a discussion by reviewing the research project as a whole in the light of the results achieved by the generative approach in an attempt to see the relevance these my have on urban design processes. By this, it aims to draw the final conclusions regarding the implications of this generative approach in the design of urban space using both, the descriptive and generative material presented in this report.
In the last section the form-generating model has been introduced by presenting the fundamental r... more In the last section the form-generating model has been introduced by presenting the fundamental rules and restrictions underlying the development of the script written in Processing, and their interactions in driving city forms. The many experiments presented in Paper 5 demonstrated the implications of each of the generative rules and restrictions on the morphologies and their prevailing dispositions in creating typical characteristics. However, the principle aim of the present study is to develop a model capable of generating systems displaying a kind of higher order from the application of only local rules. A large number of runs have been carried out by adjusting and varying the values of the parameters to find out the implications of the combined effect of these parameters on the growing morphologies in the hope of establishing tendencies in spatial formations and thereby typologies. The present section aims then to demonstrate how variation in the connectivity rules and in the control mechanisms of the agents’ movements create tendencies in the emergent patterns and by extension typological tendencies.
This section introduces the form-generating model by presenting the fundamental rules and restric... more This section introduces the form-generating model by presenting the fundamental rules and restrictions underlying the development of the script written in Processing, and their interactions in driving city forms. ‘Connectivity’ between the basic urban components and ‘Movements’ of mobile agents and their inter-dependency, constitute the building blocks of the form-generating process. The next section of this study aims to demonstrate how variation in the connectivity rules and in the control mechanisms of the agents’ movements create tendencies in the emergent patterns and by extension typological tendencies.
Paper Two outlined the mainstream concepts in urban space design and showed their limitations in ... more Paper Two outlined the mainstream concepts in urban space design and showed their limitations in creating a ‘desired quality’ or ‘goodness’ often observed in unplanned settlement forms. The present section will attempt to isolate the generic spatial properties underlying the unplanned settlement forms by considering examples of different settlement types that emerged within similar environmental conditions; and similar settlement forms that occurred in different environmental settings. Cross-cultural similarities will also be considered The definition of these generic characteristics will constitute the building blocks for the development of the generative model, which will hopefully create a new platform not only for understanding but also for re-thinking the ‘frontiers’ in which urban space can be conceived, designed and produced. The aim of this section is not to present an extensive description of the existing ‘unplanned’ settlements, but mainly to show the large variety in settlement forms but also consistent similarities that cannot be explained or accounted for only in environmental or cultural terms. In this respect, a sample of various settlements, villages, small and large cities within similar and different geographical settings and across different cultures, have been selected.
This section paves the ground for developing a design approach based on the concept of Emergence... more This section paves the ground for developing a design approach based on the concept of Emergence to tackle issues relating to the built environment, by reviewing some of the existing techniques and approaches to urban modelling. This is by no means extensive but only aims to open up debates on how urban development can be conceived, designed and implemented on the basis of algorithmic definitions which could embed effective strategies to tackle design issues of sustainability.
The present study aims to explore the concept of Emergence and Self-organisation as a new approac... more The present study aims to explore the concept of Emergence and Self-organisation as a new approach in the design process of urban systems. This strategy implies a Bottom-Up process in the formation of urban systems. However, urban development complies with various standards, guidelines and regulations concerning Building Control, Planning and Urban Policies, a Top-Down process by nature. How to reconcile the two processes is one of the objectives of this study.
According to Schumacher, a Bottom-up urban growth process can still occur and emerge from the speculative nature of the market forces driving the real estate development (Schumacker, P., 2012). In his article ‘Urbanism beyond Planning’ , Schumacher retraces the rise and fall of modern urbanism through the economic and social dynamisms of the 20th century, and speculates on the possibilities of emergence of a ‘bottom up urbanism that produces urban order, coherence and urban identity without [master] planning’.
It is argued that the contextual parameters and the normative attributes of the built environment which constitute the backbone of contemporary urban interventions are part of the extrinsic constraints that influence the ‘economics and functionality’ of urban systems, rendering the formation more adapted and best fitted to its environment in legislative or geographical sense. In this respect, urban modelling becomes an exercise of optimization through form-finding procedures. The aim in this paper is not to present an extensive review of urban design models and theories, but to look at the main trends that contributed and are still influential in the shaping of the built environment.
This paper is part of a recent research work, A Generative Urban Design Strategy: Massing & Circu... more This paper is part of a recent research work, A Generative Urban Design Strategy: Massing & Circulation, undertaken by the author in the course of the preparation of an MA in 'Architectural Digital Design Systems. All chapters that formed the thesis will be uploaded as separate papers, Paper One being the ‘Introduction’ of the study.
This section attempts to introduce the concept of ‘Emergence’ to understanding the relationship between ‘Form, Structure and Complexity’ and its application in the current architectural discourses. By reviewing the existing literature, it is hoped to define more clearly the theoretical framework for this research work
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Papers by Fatiha LOUMI
According to Schumacher, a Bottom-up urban growth process can still occur and emerge from the speculative nature of the market forces driving the real estate development (Schumacker, P., 2012). In his article ‘Urbanism beyond Planning’ , Schumacher retraces the rise and fall of modern urbanism through the economic and social dynamisms of the 20th century, and speculates on the possibilities of emergence of a ‘bottom up urbanism that produces urban order, coherence and urban identity without [master] planning’.
It is argued that the contextual parameters and the normative attributes of the built environment which constitute the backbone of contemporary urban interventions are part of the extrinsic constraints that influence the ‘economics and functionality’ of urban systems, rendering the formation more adapted and best fitted to its environment in legislative or geographical sense. In this respect, urban modelling becomes an exercise of optimization through form-finding procedures. The aim in this paper is not to present an extensive review of urban design models and theories, but to look at the main trends that contributed and are still influential in the shaping of the built environment.
This section attempts to introduce the concept of ‘Emergence’ to understanding the relationship between ‘Form, Structure and Complexity’ and its application in the current architectural discourses. By reviewing the existing literature, it is hoped to define more clearly the theoretical framework for this research work
According to Schumacher, a Bottom-up urban growth process can still occur and emerge from the speculative nature of the market forces driving the real estate development (Schumacker, P., 2012). In his article ‘Urbanism beyond Planning’ , Schumacher retraces the rise and fall of modern urbanism through the economic and social dynamisms of the 20th century, and speculates on the possibilities of emergence of a ‘bottom up urbanism that produces urban order, coherence and urban identity without [master] planning’.
It is argued that the contextual parameters and the normative attributes of the built environment which constitute the backbone of contemporary urban interventions are part of the extrinsic constraints that influence the ‘economics and functionality’ of urban systems, rendering the formation more adapted and best fitted to its environment in legislative or geographical sense. In this respect, urban modelling becomes an exercise of optimization through form-finding procedures. The aim in this paper is not to present an extensive review of urban design models and theories, but to look at the main trends that contributed and are still influential in the shaping of the built environment.
This section attempts to introduce the concept of ‘Emergence’ to understanding the relationship between ‘Form, Structure and Complexity’ and its application in the current architectural discourses. By reviewing the existing literature, it is hoped to define more clearly the theoretical framework for this research work