Fatty compounds have significant industrial applications as coatings, plastics, cleaning products... more Fatty compounds have significant industrial applications as coatings, plastics, cleaning products, emulsifiers, structuring, and gelling agents. Due to these applications, it is important to understand their physical and chemical properties, such as melting behavior, crystallization processes, and phase transitions, all of them related to solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE). In this study, six binary mixtures composed of tristearin (SSS) plus fatty acids (capric acid, lauric acid, and myristic acid) and tristearin plus fatty alcohol compounds (1-decanol, 1-dodecanol, and 1-tetradecanol) were investigated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and optical microscopy analysis. The phase diagrams formed by tristearin + fatty acids presented a monotectic behavior and the phase diagrams formed by tristearin + fatty alcohol compounds, on the other hand, exhibited a solid solution formation on the entire composition range, although the liquidus line shape was very similar to that observed in the systems formed by fatty acids. The liquidus line of all systems were well-described by NRTL and three-suffix Margules models, and also by ideal assumption. The best result was observed for the three-suffix Margules model, with a root mean square deviation (RMSD) equal to 0.26.
Abstract Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) formed by Protic Ionic Liquids (PILs) are a potential a... more Abstract Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) formed by Protic Ionic Liquids (PILs) are a potential alternative to recovery PILs after their use in pretreatment step and valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. Besides, ATPS based on PILs may be applied to Kraft lignin fractionation toward a more sustainable environment. In this study, nine alkanolammonium-based PILs were synthesized using organic acids (formic, acetic, propionic, lactic, and glycolic) as precursors. These PILs were combined with acetone to form ATPS at low temperatures, and the partition of Kraft lignin was tested using these same systems. The presence of an extra hydroxyl group in the PILs’ anionic part increased their ability to form ATPS, due to the increase in their acidity. Also, increasing the alkyl chain length of the PILs’ anionic part impairs the formation of ATPS. In contrast, the behavior was observed for the cationic part, due to the increase in the PILs’ hydrophobicity nature. Regarding the partition of Kraft lignin applying 2-hydroxyethylammonium-based PILs, the increase in the alkyl chain length of the PILs’ anionic part leads to stronger PILs-lignin interactions, which favored the lignin’s migration to the bottom phase (PILs-rich phase), and lower partition coefficient values, as follows: formate
Abstract Fatty acids, fatty alcohol compounds and triacylglycerols (TAGs) present a significant r... more Abstract Fatty acids, fatty alcohol compounds and triacylglycerols (TAGs) present a significant role in industrial applications, mainly in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, eight solid-liquid phase diagrams composed by tripalmitin plus fatty acids (capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid) and tripalmitin plus fatty alcohol compounds (1-decanol, 1-dodecanol and 1-tetradecanol) were studied using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) technique, optical microscopy and X-ray analysis. The phase diagrams formed by tripalmitin + fatty acids (myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid), present a eutectic behavior with a solid solution for tripalmitin (1) + myristic acid (4) system, and a monotectic behavior for tripalmitin + (capric acid and lauric acid) whereas the phase diagrams formed by tripalmitin + fatty alcohol compounds present a monotectic behavior and just one of them present a monotectic behavior with a solid solution (1-tetradecanol). The liquid phase was modelled using ideal assumption, 3-suffix Margules and NRTL models, adjusting its parameters. These models described properly the liquidus line of the systems studied.
Fatty compounds have significant industrial applications as coatings, plastics, cleaning products... more Fatty compounds have significant industrial applications as coatings, plastics, cleaning products, emulsifiers, structuring, and gelling agents. Due to these applications, it is important to understand their physical and chemical properties, such as melting behavior, crystallization processes, and phase transitions, all of them related to solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE). In this study, six binary mixtures composed of tristearin (SSS) plus fatty acids (capric acid, lauric acid, and myristic acid) and tristearin plus fatty alcohol compounds (1-decanol, 1-dodecanol, and 1-tetradecanol) were investigated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and optical microscopy analysis. The phase diagrams formed by tristearin + fatty acids presented a monotectic behavior and the phase diagrams formed by tristearin + fatty alcohol compounds, on the other hand, exhibited a solid solution formation on the entire composition range, although the liquidus line shape was very similar to that observed in the systems formed by fatty acids. The liquidus line of all systems were well-described by NRTL and three-suffix Margules models, and also by ideal assumption. The best result was observed for the three-suffix Margules model, with a root mean square deviation (RMSD) equal to 0.26.
Abstract Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) formed by Protic Ionic Liquids (PILs) are a potential a... more Abstract Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) formed by Protic Ionic Liquids (PILs) are a potential alternative to recovery PILs after their use in pretreatment step and valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. Besides, ATPS based on PILs may be applied to Kraft lignin fractionation toward a more sustainable environment. In this study, nine alkanolammonium-based PILs were synthesized using organic acids (formic, acetic, propionic, lactic, and glycolic) as precursors. These PILs were combined with acetone to form ATPS at low temperatures, and the partition of Kraft lignin was tested using these same systems. The presence of an extra hydroxyl group in the PILs’ anionic part increased their ability to form ATPS, due to the increase in their acidity. Also, increasing the alkyl chain length of the PILs’ anionic part impairs the formation of ATPS. In contrast, the behavior was observed for the cationic part, due to the increase in the PILs’ hydrophobicity nature. Regarding the partition of Kraft lignin applying 2-hydroxyethylammonium-based PILs, the increase in the alkyl chain length of the PILs’ anionic part leads to stronger PILs-lignin interactions, which favored the lignin’s migration to the bottom phase (PILs-rich phase), and lower partition coefficient values, as follows: formate
Abstract Fatty acids, fatty alcohol compounds and triacylglycerols (TAGs) present a significant r... more Abstract Fatty acids, fatty alcohol compounds and triacylglycerols (TAGs) present a significant role in industrial applications, mainly in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, eight solid-liquid phase diagrams composed by tripalmitin plus fatty acids (capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid) and tripalmitin plus fatty alcohol compounds (1-decanol, 1-dodecanol and 1-tetradecanol) were studied using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) technique, optical microscopy and X-ray analysis. The phase diagrams formed by tripalmitin + fatty acids (myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid), present a eutectic behavior with a solid solution for tripalmitin (1) + myristic acid (4) system, and a monotectic behavior for tripalmitin + (capric acid and lauric acid) whereas the phase diagrams formed by tripalmitin + fatty alcohol compounds present a monotectic behavior and just one of them present a monotectic behavior with a solid solution (1-tetradecanol). The liquid phase was modelled using ideal assumption, 3-suffix Margules and NRTL models, adjusting its parameters. These models described properly the liquidus line of the systems studied.
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