La importancia espiritual y ambiental de los sitios sagrados en las cabeceras de los ríos se fund... more La importancia espiritual y ambiental de los sitios sagrados en las cabeceras de los ríos se fundamenta en las relaciones que los embera instauran con los seres espirituales a través de sueños, cantos y rituales de armonización, para obtener recursos del bosque y conocimientos sobre los usos de las plantas. Pãkðré, entidad poderosa en el sitio sagrado, es tratada como una parienta afín sometida a reglas de reciprocidad; esta entidad recibió antiguamente la fuerza de muchos seres de los distintos niveles cósmicos, por lo cual pudo enseñar al pueblo embera los rituales y prácticas curativas que conocen ahora. El jaibaná es depositario directo de su sabiduría, ligada estrechamente a las plantas más pequeñas del bosque, de ahí su respeto por los lugares sagrados y su esfuerzo por el cumplimiento de las demandas que le hacen en sueños tanto Pãkðré como los demás espíritus, plantas y animales de esos parajes solitarios.
Bomarea with 100-110 species represents the most diverse genus of Alstroemeriaceae. The genus is ... more Bomarea with 100-110 species represents the most diverse genus of Alstroemeriaceae. The genus is distributed from Chile to Mexico and comprises twining, prostrate or erect herbs with tuberous storage roots and pendant, showy flowers. Phylogenetic relationships and patterns of evolution within Bomarea have not yet been explored. Thus, neither the currently accepted classification nor patterns of morphological evolution have been evaluated. To resolve relationships within Bomarea, we sequenced three cpDNA regions (psbA-trnH, rpoB-trnC, matK) and the nrDNA ITS spacer regions (ITS 1 and ITS 2). MP and ML analyses of the combined data recover three major lineages in the genus and the composition of these clades is inconsistent with previous classifications based on morphology and biogeography. Patterns of evolution for three morphological characters were investigated by mapping them onto the phylogeny. The analyses indicate that the ancestor of Bomarea had compound umbels, a twining habit, and foliar indument. The phylogenetic analyses were unable to obtain high support, which suggests a relatively recent and rapid radiation of this genus.
Aim A panbiogeographical analysis of the genus Bomarea was undertaken in order to determine gene... more Aim A panbiogeographical analysis of the genus Bomarea was undertaken in order to determine generalized tracks and biogeographical nodes, and to evaluate the current distribution of the genus based on the available tectonic information and the biogeographical regionalization of Latin America.Location The Neotropical region from northern Mexico to northern Argentina, and the Nearctic and Andean regions.Method A total of 2205 records of 101 species were analysed, representing 95% of the species assigned to Bomarea. Localities were represented on maps and their individual tracks were drawn. Based on their comparison, generalized tracks were detected and mapped. Nodes were identified in the areas where different generalized tracks were superimposed.Results Five generalized tracks were recovered. One is located in the Eastern Central America and Western Panamanian Isthmus provinces (Caribbean subregion, Neotropical region), which was supported by three species of Central American distribution. The four remaining generalized tracks were located in South America, in the North Andean Paramo, Cauca and Puna biogeographical provinces. These tracks were supported by species of Bomarea with an Andean distribution. Biogeographical nodes were established in the Central Andean region of Colombia, central Ecuador and central Peru.Main conclusions The nodes obtained for Bomarea support a hybrid origin for the Andean region, which presents diverse components from both northern and southern South America. Likewise, the track recovered between Colombia and Ecuador includes Andean and Neotropical areas, providing further support for this hypothesis. The nodes obtained are coherent with vicariant elements evident for Bomarea. Species of three clades proposed for Bomarea are distributed in specific generalized tracks.
A chromone was isolated from alcoholic extracts from Bomarea setacea and identified as 2‐henicosy... more A chromone was isolated from alcoholic extracts from Bomarea setacea and identified as 2‐henicosyl‐5,7‐dihydroxy‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one. The leishmanicidal activity was evaluated against intracellular amastigotes of L. panamensis and cytotoxicity on U‐937 cells, maintained in standard culture conditions. This compound showed leishmanicidal activity (EC50=14.8±1.9 μg/mL, 31.4 μM), low cytotoxicity (LC50=>200 μg/mL, >423.7 μM). Additionally, this compound showed high antioxidant activity through ORAC and DPPH methods. These experimental results motivated us to carry out computational explorations such as docking against several parasite protein targets, molecular dynamics to validate docking results and DFT calculations, used to explain the high antioxidant activity of chromone. Notably, the docking results showed the N‐myristoyltransferase (NMT) enzyme to be a potential target for chromone (docking score −9.1 kcal.mol−1). Molecular dynamics (MD) studies provide strong evidence of the...
Many species from across the vascular plant tree-of-life have modified standard plant tissues int... more Many species from across the vascular plant tree-of-life have modified standard plant tissues into tubers, bulbs, corms, and other underground storage organs (USOs). Bomarea multiflora (Alstroemeriaceae) is a tropical climbing monocot with unique underground morphology, including tuberous roots. We take a comparative transcriptomics approach to characterizing the molecular mechanisms of tuberous root formation in B. multiflora and compare these mechanisms to those identified in other underground storage structures across diverse plant lineages. We sequenced transcriptomes from the growing tip of four tissue types (aerial shoot, rhizome, fibrous root, and root tuber) of three individuals of B. multiflora. We identify differentially expressed isoforms and test the expression of candidate genes that have been implicated in underground storage in other taxa. We identify 271 genes that are differentially expressed in root tubers versus fibrous roots, including genes implicated in cell wa...
La inflamabilidad de 11 especies de plantas cultivadas en la ciudad de Medellín-Colombia, se eval... more La inflamabilidad de 11 especies de plantas cultivadas en la ciudad de Medellín-Colombia, se evaluó empleando las variables tiempo de ignición y tiempo de sostenibilidad de la llama, con el objetivo conocer su susceptibilidad a incendiarse y consumirse, utilizando la metodología propuesta por Valette, exponiendo superficies foliares vivas a una fuente de calor externa constante a 420 °C y condiciones controladas. De las especies evaluadas, Costus guanaiensis Rusby y Clusia multiflora Kunth presentaron mayor tiempo de ignición, y menor valor en la sostenibilidad, es decir, presentan tanto un efecto retardante a la incidencia y propagación de incendios, por tanto se recomiendan como cortafuegos especialmente en zonas con alta frecuencia e impacto de incendios.
FIGURE 1. Phoradendron killipii. A. Habit. B. Staminate inflorescence. C. Petal of staminate flow... more FIGURE 1. Phoradendron killipii. A. Habit. B. Staminate inflorescence. C. Petal of staminate flower, showing a bilocular anther. D. Pistillate inflorescence. E. Fruit. Drawn by Cristina Pareja. A–C based on Betancur 18200, D–E based on Montoya 492.
<i>Aetanthus alternifolius</i> F.J. Roldán, Carmona, Alzate &amp; J.S. Murillo, s... more <i>Aetanthus alternifolius</i> F.J. Roldán, Carmona, Alzate &amp; J.S. Murillo, sp. nov. (Fig. 1, 2). <b>Holotypus: COLOMBIA. Dept. <b>Santander:</b> municipality of California, [7º22'16" 72º55'29"], 2450 m, 25.I.2013, fl., <i>Hinestroza et al. 182</i> (HUA-191735!).</b> <i>Aetanthus alternifolius F.J. Roldán, Carmona, Alzate &amp; J.S. Murillo differs from all other Aetanthus species by the combination of a percurrent habit with indeterminate, slightly flattened shoots without angles, soon becoming terete, subopposite or alternate obovate leaves, cymose inflorescences composed by three dyads, and flowers c. 9 cm long. with a finely toothed and sometimes fissured calyculus.</i> <i>Hemiparasitic plant</i>, branch parasite. <i>Shoots</i> indeterminate, glabrous, black when dried with whitish lenticels. <i>Internodes</i> 0.7‒4 × 0.3‒0.5 cm, slightly flattened when young, soon becoming terete, without angles. <i>Nodes</i> not swollen. <i>Haustorium</i> unknown. <i>Leaves</i> subopposite or alternate; leaf blade 4‒7 × 2‒4 cm, coriaceous, glabrous in both sides, margin entire, obovate, apex obtuse-rounded, base attenuate-cuneate; petioles 2.5‒5 × c. 2 mm; venation pinnate, inconspicuous. <i>Inflorescence</i> triple dyads, pendulous, inserted in corky areas 3‒6 mm in diameter, conspicuous and adjacent to leaf scars or leaf axils, glabrous, without bracts; inflorescence peduncle c. 6 × 1 mm, dyad peduncles c. 5 × 1 mm, crateriform pedicels, c. 6 mm long (without including the cupular portion), cupules c. 1 × 3 mm. <i>Flowers</i> tubular, red, glabrous; flower buds straight, c. 9 cm long and c. 1 mm in diameter in proximal portions, c. 2 mm in diameter towards distal portion; 6-merous, petals isomorphic, recurved distally in anthesis, medial and proximal portion remain intact. <i>Androecium</i> epipetalous, anthers isomorphic, 14‒15 mm long, basifixed, needle-like, 4-loculed. <i>Ovary</i> 4 × 2 mm, cylindrical; <i>calyculus</i> conspicuous, slightly toothed, sometimes fissured; <i>style</i> c. 9 cm long, 0.2‒0.3 mm in dia [...]
Key to the Colombian species of Aetanthus Adapted from KUIJT (2014) 1. Shoots determinate (each a... more Key to the Colombian species of Aetanthus Adapted from KUIJT (2014) 1. Shoots determinate (each aborting internode forming sympodia).................................................................... 2 1a. Shoots indeterminate (at least three internodes per innovation)......................................................................... 8 2. Leaves whorled in mature stems (3 or 4 per node)...... 3 2a. Leaves paired in mature stems..................................... 6 3. Leaves in whorls of 4..................................... <i>A. engelsii</i> 3a. Leaves in whorls of 3................................................... 4 4. Leaves orbicular to obovate; plants from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta................................... <i>A. ovalis</i> 4a. Leaves ovate to lanceolate; plants occurring in the Andes..................................................................................... 5 5. Leaves lanceolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, thin. S...
The family Amaryllidaceae has been postulated as a monophyletic group in different analyses, in w... more The family Amaryllidaceae has been postulated as a monophyletic group in different analyses, in which three big clades are recognized as subfamilies (Agapanthoideae, Allioideae and Amaryllidoideae). We examined specimens of the family and explored different areas of the country where there were previous records or potential occurrence of the group, in order to determine the diversity of this family in Colombia. The Amaryllidaceae are represented in Colombia by 18 genera and 48 species, of which 11 genera and 27 species are native, including 9 species endemic to the country. The areas with the largest species diversity are the Western and Eastern Cordillera, and the biogeographic Chocó, especially in the departments of Cauca, Cundinamarca and Valle del Cauca. We present an updated definition of the family, considering its current circumscription, and describe the genera occurring in Colombia, as well as the inventory of the species and their distribution.
Este recurso agrupa los resultados del trabajo de investigación llevado a cabo en los complejos d... more Este recurso agrupa los resultados del trabajo de investigación llevado a cabo en los complejos de paramos "Sonsón" y "Urrao" durante marzo-agosto de 2014. Los páramos muestreados en el complejo Sonsón fueron: La Vieja, Las Palomas, Chaverras, Norí y Valle Alto (Salamina). Los transectos en Urrao se establecieron en los páramos Pená y La Horqueta (municipio de Abriaquí), El Junco (municipio de Caicedo), El Sol (municipio de Urrao) y Cerro Plateado (municipio de Salgar). El objetivo principal fue determinar la composición florística, ornitológica, edafofauna y herpetológica en cada complejo de páramos y determinar su similitud en diferentes rangos altitudinales que abarcaban los ecosistemas de bosque altoandino, arbustal y herbazal o páramo.
Murillo-Serna, J.S., F.J. Roldán-Palacio, I. Carmona-Gallego & F. Alzate (2021). A new species of... more Murillo-Serna, J.S., F.J. Roldán-Palacio, I. Carmona-Gallego & F. Alzate (2021). A new species of Aetanthus (Loranthaceae) from Colombia with notes on A. engelsii. Candollea 76: 71–76. In English, English and Spanish abstracts. Aetanthus alternifolius F.J. Roldán, Carmona, Alzate & J.S. Murillo (Loranthaceae) is newly described and illustrated from the department of Santander in northeastern Colombia. This new mistletoe species, known only from the type locality, is discriminate by its indeterminate shoots, alternate or subopposite, obovate leaves, cymose inflorescences bearing three dyads, flower buds c. 9 cm long, with a finely toothed and sometimes fissured calyculus. Its morphological affinities are discussed especially in relation to A. colombianus A.C. Smith and A. coriaceus Patsch. The rediscovery of original material in P of the poorly known Phyllostephanus engelsii Tiegh. (≡ Aetanthus engelsii (Tiegh.) Engl.) is discussed. An emended description is provided and a lectotype ...
Background and Aim: Licania salicifolia (L.S) Cuatrec., Persea ferruginea (P.F) Kunth, Oreopanax ... more Background and Aim: Licania salicifolia (L.S) Cuatrec., Persea ferruginea (P.F) Kunth, Oreopanax floribundus (O.F), and Psychotria buchtienii (P.B) belong to the families Chrysobalanaceae, Lauraceae, Araliaceae, and Rubiaceae, respectively, which have been used as medicines by communities in the Andes. This study evaluated the leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities of alcohol and non-alcohol extracts from four Andean plant extracts (L.S, O.F, P.F, and P.B). Materials and Methods: Extracts were obtained by percolation with solvents of different polarities – hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Phytochemical screening was conducted based on reported methods. All products were evaluated in vitro to determine the leishmanicidal activity against amastigotes of Leishmania panamensis and cytotoxicity against U937 cells. Results: Flavonoids, triterpenes, and tannins were the main secondary metabolites found. From the results, dichloromethane extracts from O.F and P.B, ethan...
La importancia espiritual y ambiental de los sitios sagrados en las cabeceras de los ríos se fund... more La importancia espiritual y ambiental de los sitios sagrados en las cabeceras de los ríos se fundamenta en las relaciones que los embera instauran con los seres espirituales a través de sueños, cantos y rituales de armonización, para obtener recursos del bosque y conocimientos sobre los usos de las plantas. Pãkðré, entidad poderosa en el sitio sagrado, es tratada como una parienta afín sometida a reglas de reciprocidad; esta entidad recibió antiguamente la fuerza de muchos seres de los distintos niveles cósmicos, por lo cual pudo enseñar al pueblo embera los rituales y prácticas curativas que conocen ahora. El jaibaná es depositario directo de su sabiduría, ligada estrechamente a las plantas más pequeñas del bosque, de ahí su respeto por los lugares sagrados y su esfuerzo por el cumplimiento de las demandas que le hacen en sueños tanto Pãkðré como los demás espíritus, plantas y animales de esos parajes solitarios.
Bomarea with 100-110 species represents the most diverse genus of Alstroemeriaceae. The genus is ... more Bomarea with 100-110 species represents the most diverse genus of Alstroemeriaceae. The genus is distributed from Chile to Mexico and comprises twining, prostrate or erect herbs with tuberous storage roots and pendant, showy flowers. Phylogenetic relationships and patterns of evolution within Bomarea have not yet been explored. Thus, neither the currently accepted classification nor patterns of morphological evolution have been evaluated. To resolve relationships within Bomarea, we sequenced three cpDNA regions (psbA-trnH, rpoB-trnC, matK) and the nrDNA ITS spacer regions (ITS 1 and ITS 2). MP and ML analyses of the combined data recover three major lineages in the genus and the composition of these clades is inconsistent with previous classifications based on morphology and biogeography. Patterns of evolution for three morphological characters were investigated by mapping them onto the phylogeny. The analyses indicate that the ancestor of Bomarea had compound umbels, a twining habit, and foliar indument. The phylogenetic analyses were unable to obtain high support, which suggests a relatively recent and rapid radiation of this genus.
Aim A panbiogeographical analysis of the genus Bomarea was undertaken in order to determine gene... more Aim A panbiogeographical analysis of the genus Bomarea was undertaken in order to determine generalized tracks and biogeographical nodes, and to evaluate the current distribution of the genus based on the available tectonic information and the biogeographical regionalization of Latin America.Location The Neotropical region from northern Mexico to northern Argentina, and the Nearctic and Andean regions.Method A total of 2205 records of 101 species were analysed, representing 95% of the species assigned to Bomarea. Localities were represented on maps and their individual tracks were drawn. Based on their comparison, generalized tracks were detected and mapped. Nodes were identified in the areas where different generalized tracks were superimposed.Results Five generalized tracks were recovered. One is located in the Eastern Central America and Western Panamanian Isthmus provinces (Caribbean subregion, Neotropical region), which was supported by three species of Central American distribution. The four remaining generalized tracks were located in South America, in the North Andean Paramo, Cauca and Puna biogeographical provinces. These tracks were supported by species of Bomarea with an Andean distribution. Biogeographical nodes were established in the Central Andean region of Colombia, central Ecuador and central Peru.Main conclusions The nodes obtained for Bomarea support a hybrid origin for the Andean region, which presents diverse components from both northern and southern South America. Likewise, the track recovered between Colombia and Ecuador includes Andean and Neotropical areas, providing further support for this hypothesis. The nodes obtained are coherent with vicariant elements evident for Bomarea. Species of three clades proposed for Bomarea are distributed in specific generalized tracks.
A chromone was isolated from alcoholic extracts from Bomarea setacea and identified as 2‐henicosy... more A chromone was isolated from alcoholic extracts from Bomarea setacea and identified as 2‐henicosyl‐5,7‐dihydroxy‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one. The leishmanicidal activity was evaluated against intracellular amastigotes of L. panamensis and cytotoxicity on U‐937 cells, maintained in standard culture conditions. This compound showed leishmanicidal activity (EC50=14.8±1.9 μg/mL, 31.4 μM), low cytotoxicity (LC50=>200 μg/mL, >423.7 μM). Additionally, this compound showed high antioxidant activity through ORAC and DPPH methods. These experimental results motivated us to carry out computational explorations such as docking against several parasite protein targets, molecular dynamics to validate docking results and DFT calculations, used to explain the high antioxidant activity of chromone. Notably, the docking results showed the N‐myristoyltransferase (NMT) enzyme to be a potential target for chromone (docking score −9.1 kcal.mol−1). Molecular dynamics (MD) studies provide strong evidence of the...
Many species from across the vascular plant tree-of-life have modified standard plant tissues int... more Many species from across the vascular plant tree-of-life have modified standard plant tissues into tubers, bulbs, corms, and other underground storage organs (USOs). Bomarea multiflora (Alstroemeriaceae) is a tropical climbing monocot with unique underground morphology, including tuberous roots. We take a comparative transcriptomics approach to characterizing the molecular mechanisms of tuberous root formation in B. multiflora and compare these mechanisms to those identified in other underground storage structures across diverse plant lineages. We sequenced transcriptomes from the growing tip of four tissue types (aerial shoot, rhizome, fibrous root, and root tuber) of three individuals of B. multiflora. We identify differentially expressed isoforms and test the expression of candidate genes that have been implicated in underground storage in other taxa. We identify 271 genes that are differentially expressed in root tubers versus fibrous roots, including genes implicated in cell wa...
La inflamabilidad de 11 especies de plantas cultivadas en la ciudad de Medellín-Colombia, se eval... more La inflamabilidad de 11 especies de plantas cultivadas en la ciudad de Medellín-Colombia, se evaluó empleando las variables tiempo de ignición y tiempo de sostenibilidad de la llama, con el objetivo conocer su susceptibilidad a incendiarse y consumirse, utilizando la metodología propuesta por Valette, exponiendo superficies foliares vivas a una fuente de calor externa constante a 420 °C y condiciones controladas. De las especies evaluadas, Costus guanaiensis Rusby y Clusia multiflora Kunth presentaron mayor tiempo de ignición, y menor valor en la sostenibilidad, es decir, presentan tanto un efecto retardante a la incidencia y propagación de incendios, por tanto se recomiendan como cortafuegos especialmente en zonas con alta frecuencia e impacto de incendios.
FIGURE 1. Phoradendron killipii. A. Habit. B. Staminate inflorescence. C. Petal of staminate flow... more FIGURE 1. Phoradendron killipii. A. Habit. B. Staminate inflorescence. C. Petal of staminate flower, showing a bilocular anther. D. Pistillate inflorescence. E. Fruit. Drawn by Cristina Pareja. A–C based on Betancur 18200, D–E based on Montoya 492.
<i>Aetanthus alternifolius</i> F.J. Roldán, Carmona, Alzate &amp; J.S. Murillo, s... more <i>Aetanthus alternifolius</i> F.J. Roldán, Carmona, Alzate &amp; J.S. Murillo, sp. nov. (Fig. 1, 2). <b>Holotypus: COLOMBIA. Dept. <b>Santander:</b> municipality of California, [7º22'16" 72º55'29"], 2450 m, 25.I.2013, fl., <i>Hinestroza et al. 182</i> (HUA-191735!).</b> <i>Aetanthus alternifolius F.J. Roldán, Carmona, Alzate &amp; J.S. Murillo differs from all other Aetanthus species by the combination of a percurrent habit with indeterminate, slightly flattened shoots without angles, soon becoming terete, subopposite or alternate obovate leaves, cymose inflorescences composed by three dyads, and flowers c. 9 cm long. with a finely toothed and sometimes fissured calyculus.</i> <i>Hemiparasitic plant</i>, branch parasite. <i>Shoots</i> indeterminate, glabrous, black when dried with whitish lenticels. <i>Internodes</i> 0.7‒4 × 0.3‒0.5 cm, slightly flattened when young, soon becoming terete, without angles. <i>Nodes</i> not swollen. <i>Haustorium</i> unknown. <i>Leaves</i> subopposite or alternate; leaf blade 4‒7 × 2‒4 cm, coriaceous, glabrous in both sides, margin entire, obovate, apex obtuse-rounded, base attenuate-cuneate; petioles 2.5‒5 × c. 2 mm; venation pinnate, inconspicuous. <i>Inflorescence</i> triple dyads, pendulous, inserted in corky areas 3‒6 mm in diameter, conspicuous and adjacent to leaf scars or leaf axils, glabrous, without bracts; inflorescence peduncle c. 6 × 1 mm, dyad peduncles c. 5 × 1 mm, crateriform pedicels, c. 6 mm long (without including the cupular portion), cupules c. 1 × 3 mm. <i>Flowers</i> tubular, red, glabrous; flower buds straight, c. 9 cm long and c. 1 mm in diameter in proximal portions, c. 2 mm in diameter towards distal portion; 6-merous, petals isomorphic, recurved distally in anthesis, medial and proximal portion remain intact. <i>Androecium</i> epipetalous, anthers isomorphic, 14‒15 mm long, basifixed, needle-like, 4-loculed. <i>Ovary</i> 4 × 2 mm, cylindrical; <i>calyculus</i> conspicuous, slightly toothed, sometimes fissured; <i>style</i> c. 9 cm long, 0.2‒0.3 mm in dia [...]
Key to the Colombian species of Aetanthus Adapted from KUIJT (2014) 1. Shoots determinate (each a... more Key to the Colombian species of Aetanthus Adapted from KUIJT (2014) 1. Shoots determinate (each aborting internode forming sympodia).................................................................... 2 1a. Shoots indeterminate (at least three internodes per innovation)......................................................................... 8 2. Leaves whorled in mature stems (3 or 4 per node)...... 3 2a. Leaves paired in mature stems..................................... 6 3. Leaves in whorls of 4..................................... <i>A. engelsii</i> 3a. Leaves in whorls of 3................................................... 4 4. Leaves orbicular to obovate; plants from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta................................... <i>A. ovalis</i> 4a. Leaves ovate to lanceolate; plants occurring in the Andes..................................................................................... 5 5. Leaves lanceolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, thin. S...
The family Amaryllidaceae has been postulated as a monophyletic group in different analyses, in w... more The family Amaryllidaceae has been postulated as a monophyletic group in different analyses, in which three big clades are recognized as subfamilies (Agapanthoideae, Allioideae and Amaryllidoideae). We examined specimens of the family and explored different areas of the country where there were previous records or potential occurrence of the group, in order to determine the diversity of this family in Colombia. The Amaryllidaceae are represented in Colombia by 18 genera and 48 species, of which 11 genera and 27 species are native, including 9 species endemic to the country. The areas with the largest species diversity are the Western and Eastern Cordillera, and the biogeographic Chocó, especially in the departments of Cauca, Cundinamarca and Valle del Cauca. We present an updated definition of the family, considering its current circumscription, and describe the genera occurring in Colombia, as well as the inventory of the species and their distribution.
Este recurso agrupa los resultados del trabajo de investigación llevado a cabo en los complejos d... more Este recurso agrupa los resultados del trabajo de investigación llevado a cabo en los complejos de paramos "Sonsón" y "Urrao" durante marzo-agosto de 2014. Los páramos muestreados en el complejo Sonsón fueron: La Vieja, Las Palomas, Chaverras, Norí y Valle Alto (Salamina). Los transectos en Urrao se establecieron en los páramos Pená y La Horqueta (municipio de Abriaquí), El Junco (municipio de Caicedo), El Sol (municipio de Urrao) y Cerro Plateado (municipio de Salgar). El objetivo principal fue determinar la composición florística, ornitológica, edafofauna y herpetológica en cada complejo de páramos y determinar su similitud en diferentes rangos altitudinales que abarcaban los ecosistemas de bosque altoandino, arbustal y herbazal o páramo.
Murillo-Serna, J.S., F.J. Roldán-Palacio, I. Carmona-Gallego & F. Alzate (2021). A new species of... more Murillo-Serna, J.S., F.J. Roldán-Palacio, I. Carmona-Gallego & F. Alzate (2021). A new species of Aetanthus (Loranthaceae) from Colombia with notes on A. engelsii. Candollea 76: 71–76. In English, English and Spanish abstracts. Aetanthus alternifolius F.J. Roldán, Carmona, Alzate & J.S. Murillo (Loranthaceae) is newly described and illustrated from the department of Santander in northeastern Colombia. This new mistletoe species, known only from the type locality, is discriminate by its indeterminate shoots, alternate or subopposite, obovate leaves, cymose inflorescences bearing three dyads, flower buds c. 9 cm long, with a finely toothed and sometimes fissured calyculus. Its morphological affinities are discussed especially in relation to A. colombianus A.C. Smith and A. coriaceus Patsch. The rediscovery of original material in P of the poorly known Phyllostephanus engelsii Tiegh. (≡ Aetanthus engelsii (Tiegh.) Engl.) is discussed. An emended description is provided and a lectotype ...
Background and Aim: Licania salicifolia (L.S) Cuatrec., Persea ferruginea (P.F) Kunth, Oreopanax ... more Background and Aim: Licania salicifolia (L.S) Cuatrec., Persea ferruginea (P.F) Kunth, Oreopanax floribundus (O.F), and Psychotria buchtienii (P.B) belong to the families Chrysobalanaceae, Lauraceae, Araliaceae, and Rubiaceae, respectively, which have been used as medicines by communities in the Andes. This study evaluated the leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities of alcohol and non-alcohol extracts from four Andean plant extracts (L.S, O.F, P.F, and P.B). Materials and Methods: Extracts were obtained by percolation with solvents of different polarities – hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Phytochemical screening was conducted based on reported methods. All products were evaluated in vitro to determine the leishmanicidal activity against amastigotes of Leishmania panamensis and cytotoxicity against U937 cells. Results: Flavonoids, triterpenes, and tannins were the main secondary metabolites found. From the results, dichloromethane extracts from O.F and P.B, ethan...
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