Incorporation of residua into polymeric composites can be a successful approach to creating mater... more Incorporation of residua into polymeric composites can be a successful approach to creating materials suitable for specific applications promoting a circular economy approach. Elastomeric (Ground Tire Rubber or GTR) and biogenic (chicken feathers or CFs) wastes were used to prepare polymeric composites in order to evaluate the tensile, acoustic and structural differences between both reinforcements. High-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) polymeric matrices were used. EVA matrix defines better compatibility with both reinforcement materials (GTR and CFs) than polyolefin matrices (HDPE and PP) as it has been corroborated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), termogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, composites reinforced with GTR showed better acoustic properties than composites reinforced with CFs, due to the morphology of the reinforcing particles.
Human hair is considered a ubiquitous waste product and its accumulation can cause environmental ... more Human hair is considered a ubiquitous waste product and its accumulation can cause environmental problems. Hence, the search for alternatives that take advantage of this waste as a new raw material is of interest, and contributes to the idea of the circular economy. In this study, chemically modified human hair was used as a low cost biosorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The effect of the contact time, the pH, and the biosorbent concentration on the biosorption process were investigated. Kinetic modeling indicated that the pseudo-second order kinetic equation fitted well with R2 > 0.999. Furthermore, the equilibrium data fitted the Langmuir adsorption isotherm at 295 K resulting in saturation concentrations of 9.47 × 10−5, 5.57 × 10−5, 3.77 × 10−5, and 3.61 × 10−5 mol/g for the sorption of Cr(III), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II), respectively. The biosorption process did not change the chemical structure and morphology of the hair, which was shown by ...
During the industrial processing of almond fruits, tons of almond skins are generated. Valorizati... more During the industrial processing of almond fruits, tons of almond skins are generated. Valorization of blanched almond skin wastes by recovering natural polyphenols using water, instead of organic solvents, for direct application of aqueous baths for dyeing of wool fabrics was studied in this work. The results showed that it was possible to recover polyphenols from almond skins and use them as a dye for wool fibres. Kinetics of extraction was modelled by using the diffusion-based Chrastil’s model and Peleg’s empirical model, obtaining excellent fit in both cases (R2 > 0.96). The amount of polyphenol extracted was enough to achieve correct direct dyeing with excellent washing, rubbing and perspiration fastness although the shades obtained were dull. Nevertheless, it was possible to achieve a better coloration by using ion(II) sulfate as the mordant resulting in dyeings with reasonable good washing and rubbing fastness.
According to the Circular Economy Package promoted by the European directive, plastic bags compan... more According to the Circular Economy Package promoted by the European directive, plastic bags companies must use in their formulations a percentage of polyethylene waste (industrial and/or domestic) greater than 70%. Following that regulation requires an understanding of its consequences in the final product from an industrial point of view. This manuscript analyzes the thermal and morphological changes related to the tear resistance of linear-low density polyethylene (LLDPE) samples from industrial waste generated by the company Sphere Spain subjected to the degradation produced by the recycling cycles. The process is analogue to the industrial, starts from samples in pellets then a film by blow extrusion is obtained (odd steps) and posteriorly this film is recycled to pellets again (even steps). The results obtained show that the LLDPE samples develop two crystalline structures (CS1 and CS2) which evolve differently through the recycling cycles with a tendency to decrease in crystall...
In this paper, we report the intermatrix synthesis of Ag nanoparticles in different polymeric mat... more In this paper, we report the intermatrix synthesis of Ag nanoparticles in different polymeric matrices such as polyurethane foams and polyacrylonitrile or polyamide fibers. To apply this technique, the polymer must bear functional groups able to bind and retain the nanoparticle ion precursors while ions should diffuse through the matrix. Taking into account the nature of some of the chosen matrices, it was essential to try to activate the support material to obtain an acceptable value of ion exchange capacity. To evaluate the catalytic activity of the developed nanocomposites, a model catalytic reaction was carried out in batch experiments: the reduction of p-nitrophenol by sodium borohydride.
espanolLa electrohilatura se ha postulado como un metodo sencillo, versatil y escalable a nivel i... more espanolLa electrohilatura se ha postulado como un metodo sencillo, versatil y escalable a nivel industrial que permite obtener nanofibras por aplicacion de un campo electrico de alto voltaje entre la punta de una aguja, donde se deposita una gota de solucion de un polimero, y un colector metalico. Uno de los campos de aplicacion mas prometedores de esta tecnologia es el enfocado al desarrollo de soportes biomateriales para el sector biomedico. Sin embargo, el control de los parametros del proceso es clave para la obtencion de productos eficaces. En este sentido, este trabajo presenta un estudio sistematico del efecto de los principales parametros de la electrohilatura que pueden afectar al diametro de las fibras obtenidas, enfocado especificamente al desarrollo de soportes biomateriales de naturaleza proteica (gelatina y colageno), por tratarse de substratos de similar naturaleza a los componentes fibrosos encontrados en las matrices extracelulares de los tejidos biologicos. Los res...
Chicken feathers are cheap, available and a ubiquitous renewable waste material resulting from th... more Chicken feathers are cheap, available and a ubiquitous renewable waste material resulting from the massive production of chicken meat from the aviary industry which is estimated in 925.000 ton/year in EU. Consequently, its abundance and properties suggest that this waste can be re-used as an alternative material versus those natural fibres utilized nowadays such as cellulose based fibres. For these reasons, chicken feathers can be used in some cases in order to develop more environmentally friendly composite materials. The present work proposes a preliminar study regarding the re-valorization of chicken feathers waste (Plu) for the preparation of thermoplastic microcomposite materials with matrixes of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polypropylene (PP) and Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA). Specifically, the effect of the particle size of the fibrous keratinic waste on mechanical, physical, morphological and thermal properties was studied in composite materials including a 20%v/v of chi...
Abstract Chicken feathers (CFs) are currently a biogenic solid waste generated on a large scale a... more Abstract Chicken feathers (CFs) are currently a biogenic solid waste generated on a large scale and around the world. Its valorization could provide a great opportunity to manufacture environmentally friendly materials and increase the profit of poultry processors. The aim of this study was to fabricate sound absorbing nonwoven materials using CFs wastes to evaluate both the environmental impact of their fabrication processes using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology and the acoustic performance and to compare the results with a conventional insulating material such as stone wool (SW). The study showed that it was possible to fabricate CFs-wool nonwovens incorporating up to 50% w/w of CFs. The new material showed similar acoustic properties to those of SW, even behaving better for frequencies below 2200 Hz. LCA study showed that the environmental impacts decrease when the amount of CFs increases in those nonwoven materials containing CFs-wool, except for abiotic depletion and eutrophication impact categories. However, despite the synthetic nature of the SW, SW only presented worse environmental performance than the CFs based nonwoven materials for few impact categories (depletion of abiotic resources, human toxicity and photo-oxidant formation) due to the negative contribution caused by the incorporation of wool (W) into the nonwoven materials.
Thermo-sensitive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (poly-NIPAAm) was grafted onto lyocell fibres using c... more Thermo-sensitive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (poly-NIPAAm) was grafted onto lyocell fibres using cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) as initiator. The effects of initiation time, initiator concentration, monomer concentration and grafting time on the degree of grafting were investigated. A 15–60min exposure time, 7.5mM CAN solution concentration and a 0.5–1mM NIPAAm monomer concentration were optimal for obtaining a maximum degree of grafting (60–70% at 24h
ABSTRACT The use of small animal models, such as murine and rabbit models, are currently being ex... more ABSTRACT The use of small animal models, such as murine and rabbit models, are currently being explored to help elucidate the mechanobiological mechanisms of clinically relevant orthopaedic conditions such as fracture healing and osteoarthritis progression, with the goal of developing a comprehensive view of the biomechanical structure-function relationships at the tissue and cellular level. In addition to the heterogeneous nature of these tissues, the miniature size of the test specimens from these small animal models precludes the use of conventional bulk mechanical testing procedures to obtain material properties. Nanoindentation is a technique that is used to assess mechanical properties on a cellular scale. Though traditionally used to study hard, elastic-plastic materials, it has been effectively utilized to measure the material properties of mineralized biological materials [1, 2]. More recently, there have been some preliminary studies on soft, hydrated tissues, such as demineralized dentin, cartilage, and vascular tissues [3, 4]. However, this technique has not been validated for measuring the properties of tissues with extremely small, time- dependent tissue matrices (elastic moduli below 5 MPa). A finite element model (FE) of the nanoscale indentation process has been developed to assess some of the experimental issues associated with using nanoindentation on physical tissue specimens. In addition, we have used this FE model to predict the distribution of stresses and strains within the indenting substrate (tissue sample), mechanical parameters that cannot be mapped using currently-available experimental methods.
Incorporation of residua into polymeric composites can be a successful approach to creating mater... more Incorporation of residua into polymeric composites can be a successful approach to creating materials suitable for specific applications promoting a circular economy approach. Elastomeric (Ground Tire Rubber or GTR) and biogenic (chicken feathers or CFs) wastes were used to prepare polymeric composites in order to evaluate the tensile, acoustic and structural differences between both reinforcements. High-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) polymeric matrices were used. EVA matrix defines better compatibility with both reinforcement materials (GTR and CFs) than polyolefin matrices (HDPE and PP) as it has been corroborated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), termogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, composites reinforced with GTR showed better acoustic properties than composites reinforced with CFs, due to the morphology of the reinforcing particles.
Human hair is considered a ubiquitous waste product and its accumulation can cause environmental ... more Human hair is considered a ubiquitous waste product and its accumulation can cause environmental problems. Hence, the search for alternatives that take advantage of this waste as a new raw material is of interest, and contributes to the idea of the circular economy. In this study, chemically modified human hair was used as a low cost biosorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The effect of the contact time, the pH, and the biosorbent concentration on the biosorption process were investigated. Kinetic modeling indicated that the pseudo-second order kinetic equation fitted well with R2 > 0.999. Furthermore, the equilibrium data fitted the Langmuir adsorption isotherm at 295 K resulting in saturation concentrations of 9.47 × 10−5, 5.57 × 10−5, 3.77 × 10−5, and 3.61 × 10−5 mol/g for the sorption of Cr(III), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II), respectively. The biosorption process did not change the chemical structure and morphology of the hair, which was shown by ...
During the industrial processing of almond fruits, tons of almond skins are generated. Valorizati... more During the industrial processing of almond fruits, tons of almond skins are generated. Valorization of blanched almond skin wastes by recovering natural polyphenols using water, instead of organic solvents, for direct application of aqueous baths for dyeing of wool fabrics was studied in this work. The results showed that it was possible to recover polyphenols from almond skins and use them as a dye for wool fibres. Kinetics of extraction was modelled by using the diffusion-based Chrastil’s model and Peleg’s empirical model, obtaining excellent fit in both cases (R2 > 0.96). The amount of polyphenol extracted was enough to achieve correct direct dyeing with excellent washing, rubbing and perspiration fastness although the shades obtained were dull. Nevertheless, it was possible to achieve a better coloration by using ion(II) sulfate as the mordant resulting in dyeings with reasonable good washing and rubbing fastness.
According to the Circular Economy Package promoted by the European directive, plastic bags compan... more According to the Circular Economy Package promoted by the European directive, plastic bags companies must use in their formulations a percentage of polyethylene waste (industrial and/or domestic) greater than 70%. Following that regulation requires an understanding of its consequences in the final product from an industrial point of view. This manuscript analyzes the thermal and morphological changes related to the tear resistance of linear-low density polyethylene (LLDPE) samples from industrial waste generated by the company Sphere Spain subjected to the degradation produced by the recycling cycles. The process is analogue to the industrial, starts from samples in pellets then a film by blow extrusion is obtained (odd steps) and posteriorly this film is recycled to pellets again (even steps). The results obtained show that the LLDPE samples develop two crystalline structures (CS1 and CS2) which evolve differently through the recycling cycles with a tendency to decrease in crystall...
In this paper, we report the intermatrix synthesis of Ag nanoparticles in different polymeric mat... more In this paper, we report the intermatrix synthesis of Ag nanoparticles in different polymeric matrices such as polyurethane foams and polyacrylonitrile or polyamide fibers. To apply this technique, the polymer must bear functional groups able to bind and retain the nanoparticle ion precursors while ions should diffuse through the matrix. Taking into account the nature of some of the chosen matrices, it was essential to try to activate the support material to obtain an acceptable value of ion exchange capacity. To evaluate the catalytic activity of the developed nanocomposites, a model catalytic reaction was carried out in batch experiments: the reduction of p-nitrophenol by sodium borohydride.
espanolLa electrohilatura se ha postulado como un metodo sencillo, versatil y escalable a nivel i... more espanolLa electrohilatura se ha postulado como un metodo sencillo, versatil y escalable a nivel industrial que permite obtener nanofibras por aplicacion de un campo electrico de alto voltaje entre la punta de una aguja, donde se deposita una gota de solucion de un polimero, y un colector metalico. Uno de los campos de aplicacion mas prometedores de esta tecnologia es el enfocado al desarrollo de soportes biomateriales para el sector biomedico. Sin embargo, el control de los parametros del proceso es clave para la obtencion de productos eficaces. En este sentido, este trabajo presenta un estudio sistematico del efecto de los principales parametros de la electrohilatura que pueden afectar al diametro de las fibras obtenidas, enfocado especificamente al desarrollo de soportes biomateriales de naturaleza proteica (gelatina y colageno), por tratarse de substratos de similar naturaleza a los componentes fibrosos encontrados en las matrices extracelulares de los tejidos biologicos. Los res...
Chicken feathers are cheap, available and a ubiquitous renewable waste material resulting from th... more Chicken feathers are cheap, available and a ubiquitous renewable waste material resulting from the massive production of chicken meat from the aviary industry which is estimated in 925.000 ton/year in EU. Consequently, its abundance and properties suggest that this waste can be re-used as an alternative material versus those natural fibres utilized nowadays such as cellulose based fibres. For these reasons, chicken feathers can be used in some cases in order to develop more environmentally friendly composite materials. The present work proposes a preliminar study regarding the re-valorization of chicken feathers waste (Plu) for the preparation of thermoplastic microcomposite materials with matrixes of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polypropylene (PP) and Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA). Specifically, the effect of the particle size of the fibrous keratinic waste on mechanical, physical, morphological and thermal properties was studied in composite materials including a 20%v/v of chi...
Abstract Chicken feathers (CFs) are currently a biogenic solid waste generated on a large scale a... more Abstract Chicken feathers (CFs) are currently a biogenic solid waste generated on a large scale and around the world. Its valorization could provide a great opportunity to manufacture environmentally friendly materials and increase the profit of poultry processors. The aim of this study was to fabricate sound absorbing nonwoven materials using CFs wastes to evaluate both the environmental impact of their fabrication processes using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology and the acoustic performance and to compare the results with a conventional insulating material such as stone wool (SW). The study showed that it was possible to fabricate CFs-wool nonwovens incorporating up to 50% w/w of CFs. The new material showed similar acoustic properties to those of SW, even behaving better for frequencies below 2200 Hz. LCA study showed that the environmental impacts decrease when the amount of CFs increases in those nonwoven materials containing CFs-wool, except for abiotic depletion and eutrophication impact categories. However, despite the synthetic nature of the SW, SW only presented worse environmental performance than the CFs based nonwoven materials for few impact categories (depletion of abiotic resources, human toxicity and photo-oxidant formation) due to the negative contribution caused by the incorporation of wool (W) into the nonwoven materials.
Thermo-sensitive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (poly-NIPAAm) was grafted onto lyocell fibres using c... more Thermo-sensitive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (poly-NIPAAm) was grafted onto lyocell fibres using cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) as initiator. The effects of initiation time, initiator concentration, monomer concentration and grafting time on the degree of grafting were investigated. A 15–60min exposure time, 7.5mM CAN solution concentration and a 0.5–1mM NIPAAm monomer concentration were optimal for obtaining a maximum degree of grafting (60–70% at 24h
ABSTRACT The use of small animal models, such as murine and rabbit models, are currently being ex... more ABSTRACT The use of small animal models, such as murine and rabbit models, are currently being explored to help elucidate the mechanobiological mechanisms of clinically relevant orthopaedic conditions such as fracture healing and osteoarthritis progression, with the goal of developing a comprehensive view of the biomechanical structure-function relationships at the tissue and cellular level. In addition to the heterogeneous nature of these tissues, the miniature size of the test specimens from these small animal models precludes the use of conventional bulk mechanical testing procedures to obtain material properties. Nanoindentation is a technique that is used to assess mechanical properties on a cellular scale. Though traditionally used to study hard, elastic-plastic materials, it has been effectively utilized to measure the material properties of mineralized biological materials [1, 2]. More recently, there have been some preliminary studies on soft, hydrated tissues, such as demineralized dentin, cartilage, and vascular tissues [3, 4]. However, this technique has not been validated for measuring the properties of tissues with extremely small, time- dependent tissue matrices (elastic moduli below 5 MPa). A finite element model (FE) of the nanoscale indentation process has been developed to assess some of the experimental issues associated with using nanoindentation on physical tissue specimens. In addition, we have used this FE model to predict the distribution of stresses and strains within the indenting substrate (tissue sample), mechanical parameters that cannot be mapped using currently-available experimental methods.
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Papers by Fernando Carrillo