This report provides clear evidence of the poor state of nutrition among young children women and... more This report provides clear evidence of the poor state of nutrition among young children women and men in India and the lack of progress over time based on measurements of height and weight anaemia testing testing for the iodization of household cooking salt utilization of nutrition programmes and information on child feeding practices and vitamin A supplementation. Young children in India suffer from some of the highest levels of stunting underweight and wasting observed in any country in the world and 7 out of every 10 young children are anaemic. The percentage of children under age five years who are underweight is almost 20 times as high in India as would be expected in a healthy well-nourished population and is almost twice as high as the average percentage of underweight children in sub-Saharan African countries. Although poverty is an important factor in the poor nutrition situation nutritional deficiencies are widespread even in households that are economically well off. Inad...
Background Population-based household surveys, notably the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) a... more Background Population-based household surveys, notably the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), remain the main source of maternal and newborn health data for many low- and middle-income countries. As part of the Every Newborn Birth Indicators Research Tracking in Hospitals (EN-BIRTH) study, this paper focuses on testing validity of measurement of maternal and newborn indicators around the time of birth (intrapartum and postnatal) in survey-report. Methods EN-BIRTH was an observational study testing the validity of measurement for selected maternal and newborn indicators in five secondary/tertiary hospitals in Bangladesh, Nepal and Tanzania, conducted from July 2017 to July 2018. We compared women’s report at exit survey with the gold standard of direct observation or verification from clinical records for women with vaginal births. Population-level validity was assessed by validity ratios (survey-reported coverage: observer-assessed co...
Abstract: Considerable progress has been made in reducing maternal, newborn, and child mortality ... more Abstract: Considerable progress has been made in reducing maternal, newborn, and child mortality world-wide, but many more deaths could be prevented if effective interventions were available to all who could benefit from them. Timely, high-quality measurements of intervention coverage—the proportion of a population in need of a health intervention that actually receives it—are essential to support sound decisions about progress and investments in women’s and children’s health. The PLOS Medicine ‘‘Measuring Coverage in MNCH’ ’ Collection of research studies and reviews presents systematic assess-ments of the validity of health intervention coverage measurement based on household surveys, the primary method for estimating population-level intervention coverage in low- and middle-income countries. In this
Additional file 5. Summaries of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of caregiver recall of trea... more Additional file 5. Summaries of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of caregiver recall of treatment with ACT (assessed by questionnaire response only) by various facility, caregiver and child characteristics.
Additional file 4. Random effects multivariate logistic regression models of sensitivity, specifi... more Additional file 4. Random effects multivariate logistic regression models of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of caregiver recall of treatment with ACT, corrected by visual aids, prescriptions and packaging.
Additional file 3. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of caregiversâ recall of diagnosis proce... more Additional file 3. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of caregiversâ recall of diagnosis procedures and treatment received during consultation, by facility type.
The aim of the evaluation of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data was to examine the... more The aim of the evaluation of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data was to examine the reliability and consistency of reporting of several key variables (age data knowledge and methods of contraceptive use infant and child mortality rates and fertility desires and preferences) and to identify problems that could be addressed in the future. Strengths and limitations were identified based on reinterview survey results on facts and subjective desires. A description of the design and implementation of the reinterview survey and consistency measures was provided. Consistency of reporting analysis was performed on background characteristics of women and reporting of ages and dates of events and other key measures. THe findings were that consistency was not achieved for the majority of variables. Underestimation was evidenced in fertility rates and child and infant mortality rates. Womens background characteristics were consistently and reliably reported except for some confusio...
In recent years, overseas workers from Asia have been sending remittances of about $8 billion ann... more In recent years, overseas workers from Asia have been sending remittances of about $8 billion annually to their home countries. These remittances are an important source of precious foreign exchange for the major labor-exporting countries. The overall development impact of remittances, however, has not been well established. Remittances are spent primarily on day-to-day consumption expenditures, housing, land purchase, and debt repayment. Although only a small proportion of remittances are directed into productive investments, this does not warrant the conclusion that the developmental value of remittances is negligible. In fact, remittances spent on domestic goods and services in Asia 1 provide an important stimulus to indigenous industries and to the economies of the labor supplying countries. 1 Our working definition of Asia thus does not include the countries of that region called West Asia which contains Turkey, a major labor exporter.
BackgroundWorldwide, an estimated 5.1 million stillbirths and neonatal deaths occur annually, 98%... more BackgroundWorldwide, an estimated 5.1 million stillbirths and neonatal deaths occur annually, 98% in low- and middle-income countries. Limited coverage of civil and vital registration systems necessitates reliance on women’s retrospective reporting in household surveys for data on these deaths. The predominant platform, Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), has evolved over the last 35 years and differs by country, yet no previous study has described these differences and the effects of these changes on stillbirth and neonatal death measurement.MethodsWe undertook a review of DHS model questionnaires, protocols and methodological reports from DHS-I to DHS-VII, focusing on the collection of information on stillbirth and neonatal deaths describing differences in approaches, questionnaires and geographic reach up to December 9, 2019. We analysed the resultant data, applied previously used data quality criteria including ratios of stillbirth rate (SBR) to neonatal mortality rate (NMR) a...
This report provides clear evidence of the poor state of nutrition among young children women and... more This report provides clear evidence of the poor state of nutrition among young children women and men in India and the lack of progress over time based on measurements of height and weight anaemia testing testing for the iodization of household cooking salt utilization of nutrition programmes and information on child feeding practices and vitamin A supplementation. Young children in India suffer from some of the highest levels of stunting underweight and wasting observed in any country in the world and 7 out of every 10 young children are anaemic. The percentage of children under age five years who are underweight is almost 20 times as high in India as would be expected in a healthy well-nourished population and is almost twice as high as the average percentage of underweight children in sub-Saharan African countries. Although poverty is an important factor in the poor nutrition situation nutritional deficiencies are widespread even in households that are economically well off. Inad...
Background Population-based household surveys, notably the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) a... more Background Population-based household surveys, notably the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), remain the main source of maternal and newborn health data for many low- and middle-income countries. As part of the Every Newborn Birth Indicators Research Tracking in Hospitals (EN-BIRTH) study, this paper focuses on testing validity of measurement of maternal and newborn indicators around the time of birth (intrapartum and postnatal) in survey-report. Methods EN-BIRTH was an observational study testing the validity of measurement for selected maternal and newborn indicators in five secondary/tertiary hospitals in Bangladesh, Nepal and Tanzania, conducted from July 2017 to July 2018. We compared women’s report at exit survey with the gold standard of direct observation or verification from clinical records for women with vaginal births. Population-level validity was assessed by validity ratios (survey-reported coverage: observer-assessed co...
Abstract: Considerable progress has been made in reducing maternal, newborn, and child mortality ... more Abstract: Considerable progress has been made in reducing maternal, newborn, and child mortality world-wide, but many more deaths could be prevented if effective interventions were available to all who could benefit from them. Timely, high-quality measurements of intervention coverage—the proportion of a population in need of a health intervention that actually receives it—are essential to support sound decisions about progress and investments in women’s and children’s health. The PLOS Medicine ‘‘Measuring Coverage in MNCH’ ’ Collection of research studies and reviews presents systematic assess-ments of the validity of health intervention coverage measurement based on household surveys, the primary method for estimating population-level intervention coverage in low- and middle-income countries. In this
Additional file 5. Summaries of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of caregiver recall of trea... more Additional file 5. Summaries of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of caregiver recall of treatment with ACT (assessed by questionnaire response only) by various facility, caregiver and child characteristics.
Additional file 4. Random effects multivariate logistic regression models of sensitivity, specifi... more Additional file 4. Random effects multivariate logistic regression models of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of caregiver recall of treatment with ACT, corrected by visual aids, prescriptions and packaging.
Additional file 3. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of caregiversâ recall of diagnosis proce... more Additional file 3. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of caregiversâ recall of diagnosis procedures and treatment received during consultation, by facility type.
The aim of the evaluation of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data was to examine the... more The aim of the evaluation of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data was to examine the reliability and consistency of reporting of several key variables (age data knowledge and methods of contraceptive use infant and child mortality rates and fertility desires and preferences) and to identify problems that could be addressed in the future. Strengths and limitations were identified based on reinterview survey results on facts and subjective desires. A description of the design and implementation of the reinterview survey and consistency measures was provided. Consistency of reporting analysis was performed on background characteristics of women and reporting of ages and dates of events and other key measures. THe findings were that consistency was not achieved for the majority of variables. Underestimation was evidenced in fertility rates and child and infant mortality rates. Womens background characteristics were consistently and reliably reported except for some confusio...
In recent years, overseas workers from Asia have been sending remittances of about $8 billion ann... more In recent years, overseas workers from Asia have been sending remittances of about $8 billion annually to their home countries. These remittances are an important source of precious foreign exchange for the major labor-exporting countries. The overall development impact of remittances, however, has not been well established. Remittances are spent primarily on day-to-day consumption expenditures, housing, land purchase, and debt repayment. Although only a small proportion of remittances are directed into productive investments, this does not warrant the conclusion that the developmental value of remittances is negligible. In fact, remittances spent on domestic goods and services in Asia 1 provide an important stimulus to indigenous industries and to the economies of the labor supplying countries. 1 Our working definition of Asia thus does not include the countries of that region called West Asia which contains Turkey, a major labor exporter.
BackgroundWorldwide, an estimated 5.1 million stillbirths and neonatal deaths occur annually, 98%... more BackgroundWorldwide, an estimated 5.1 million stillbirths and neonatal deaths occur annually, 98% in low- and middle-income countries. Limited coverage of civil and vital registration systems necessitates reliance on women’s retrospective reporting in household surveys for data on these deaths. The predominant platform, Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), has evolved over the last 35 years and differs by country, yet no previous study has described these differences and the effects of these changes on stillbirth and neonatal death measurement.MethodsWe undertook a review of DHS model questionnaires, protocols and methodological reports from DHS-I to DHS-VII, focusing on the collection of information on stillbirth and neonatal deaths describing differences in approaches, questionnaires and geographic reach up to December 9, 2019. We analysed the resultant data, applied previously used data quality criteria including ratios of stillbirth rate (SBR) to neonatal mortality rate (NMR) a...
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