O conhecimento da qualidade da agua subterrânea e de extrema importância, sobretudo em areas rura... more O conhecimento da qualidade da agua subterrânea e de extrema importância, sobretudo em areas rurais, onde e corriqueira a perfuracoes de pocos para abastecimento de casas, e que muitas vezes sao feitas sem haver acompanhamento da qualidade da agua utilizada pela comunidade. Foi realizada a diferenciacao entre dois pocos presentes em mesmo terreno. O poco A possui nivel estatico abaixo de 2 m e o poco B com 117m de profundidade. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: pH, salinidade, condutividade eletrica, oxigenio dissolvido, temperatura, fluoreto, cloreto, nitrato, sulfato, fosfato, sodio, amonia, potassio, magnesio, calcio, aluminio, bario, cadmio, chumbo, cobre, cromo, ferro e niquel, alem dos pesticidas: glifosato, imazetapir e 2,4-diclorofenoxiacetico. Foram realizadas duas amostragens por poco, em diferente epoca do ano de 2017 (abril e setembro). Os pocos apresentaram diferenciacoes na qualidade da agua. Os valores mais dessemelhantes foram para pH e fluoreto. O poco A apr...
A sindrome de Smith-Lemli-Opitz (SLOS) e uma sindrome polimalformativa de transmissao autossomica... more A sindrome de Smith-Lemli-Opitz (SLOS) e uma sindrome polimalformativa de transmissao autossomica recessiva causada por um defice metabolico da biossintese do colesterol, que se caracteriza por dismorfias craniofaciais, anomalias congenitas de varios orgaos (salientando-se as do esqueleto e do aparelho urogenital), restricao de crescimento intra-uterino (RCIU), alteracoes comportamentais e atraso mental. E causada por mutacoes no gene DHCR7 , que codifica para a enzima 7-dehidrocolesterol reductase, responsavel pelo ultimo passo da via metabolica da sintese do colesterol. A SLOS caracteriza-se por niveis diminuidos de colesterol e concentracoes altas do seu precursor, 7-dehidrocolesterol, no sangue e tecidos. Procedeu-se a uma analise comparativa dos fenotipo e genotipo de quinze casos de SLOS de origem portuguesa, e sao tecidas consideracoes quanto as dificuldades e limitacoes inerentes ao diagnostico, e ao facto de esta doenca hereditaria do metabolismo dever ser considerada no di...
Este estudo teve como objetivo detectar precocemente o deficit visual nas criancas em fase escola... more Este estudo teve como objetivo detectar precocemente o deficit visual nas criancas em fase escolar e promover a saude visual atraves de atividades ludicas por meio da utilizacao de uma metodologia quanti-qualitativa de delineamento transversal. Resultou pela analise qualitativa que o ludico nas acoes educativas tem papel fundamental como metodo facilitador da aprendizagem infantil. No estudo este metodo teve a propriedade de envolver as criancas de tal forma a torna-las agente multiplicador do conhecimento adquirido. No que tange a analise quantitativa pode-se aludir que o teste da acuidade visual foi aplicado em 48 criancas, seguindo os criterios de avaliacao de acuidade visual estabelecidos no projeto. Dos participantes, 7 (15%) criancas foram encaminhadas para o re-teste. Destas, 5 (10,4%) mantiveram resultado que justificou o encaminhamento ao servico de oftalmologia da Associacao de Cegos de Juiz de Fora, que confirmou o deficit visual de todas criancas encaminhadas. Conclui-se...
Certain human traits such as neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) and congenital anomalies (CAs) ar... more Certain human traits such as neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) and congenital anomalies (CAs) are believed to be primarily genetic in origin. However, even after whole-genome sequencing (WGS), a substantial fraction of such disorders remain unexplained. We hypothesize that some cases of ND-CA are caused by aberrant DNA methylation leading to dysregulated genome function. Comparing DNA methylation profiles from 489 individuals with ND-CAs against 1534 controls, we identify epivariations as a frequent occurrence in the human genome. De novo epivariations are significantly enriched in cases, while RNAseq analysis shows that epivariations often have an impact on gene expression comparable to loss-of-function mutations. Additionally, we detect and replicate an enrichment of rare sequence mutations overlapping CTCF binding sites close to epivariations, providing a rationale for interpreting non-coding variation. We propose that epivariations contribute to the pathogenesis of some patient...
We describe a female infant with Fragile-X syndrome, with a fully expanded FMR1 allele and prefer... more We describe a female infant with Fragile-X syndrome, with a fully expanded FMR1 allele and preferential inactivation of the homologous X-chromosome carrying a de novo deletion. This unusual and rare case demonstrates the importance of a detailed genomic approach, the absence of which could be misguiding, and calls for reflection on the current clinical and diagnostic workup for developmental disabilities. We present a female infant, referred for genetic testing due to psychomotor developmental delay without specific dysmorphic features or relevant family history. FMR1 mutation screening revealed a methylated full mutation and a normal but inactive FMR1 allele, which led to further investigation. Complete skewing of X-chromosome inactivation towards the paternally-inherited normal-sized FMR1 allele was found. No pathogenic variants were identified in the XIST promoter. Microarray analysis revealed a 439 kb deletion at Xq28, in a region known to be associated with extreme skewing of X...
Mutations in early B cell factor 3 (EBF3) were recently described in patients with a neurodevelop... more Mutations in early B cell factor 3 (EBF3) were recently described in patients with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) that includes developmental delay/intellectual disability, ataxia, hypotonia, speech impairment, strabismus, genitourinary abnormalities, and mild facial dysmorphisms. Several large 10q terminal and interstitial deletions affecting many genes and including EBF3 have been described in the literature. However, small deletions (<1 MB) affecting almost exclusively EBF3 are not commonly reported. We performed array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) (Agilent 180K) and quantitative PCR analysis in a female patient with intellectual disability. A clinical comparison between our patient and overlapping cases reported in the literature was also made. The patient carries a de novo 600 Kb deletion at 10q26.3 affecting the MGMT, EBF3, and GLRX genes. The patient has severe intellectual disability, language impairment, conductive hearing loss, hypotonia, vision alterati...
X-linked Opitz G/BBB syndrome (XLOS) is a multisystemic congenital condition, caused by mutations... more X-linked Opitz G/BBB syndrome (XLOS) is a multisystemic congenital condition, caused by mutations in the midline-1 gene (MID1), characterized by a large inter- and intrafamilial phenotypic variability and often associated with intellectual disability (ID). We report clinical, genetic, and molecular findings in 4 patients with typical XLOS dysmorphic features belonging to 2 unrelated families. Two novel pathogenic loss-of-function MID1 variants, a maternally inherited c.1656del and a de novo c.1215_1228dup, were identified. Subsequently, we performed a genotype-phenotype analysis using data from 91 male XLOS patients. To test the mutation impact on the phenotype; the type of mutation, the MID1-impaired domain and function were compared with the presence of each of the major clinical features (hypertelorism, clefts of the lip and/or palate, laryngo-tracheo-esophageal abnormalities, hypospadias and ID ) and minor clinical features (brain, heart, and anal defects). No statistically sign...
The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD, Jul 18, 2017
Despite the growing knowledge of the genetic background behind the cancers that occur in a contex... more Despite the growing knowledge of the genetic background behind the cancers that occur in a context of hereditary predisposition, personal or family cancer history may not be clear enough to support directional gene testing. Defined targeted next-generation sequencing gene panels allow identification of the causative disease mutations of multigene syndromes and differential diagnosis for syndromes with phenotypically overlapping characteristics. Herein, we established a next-generation sequencing analysis pipeline for the molecular diagnosis of multiple inherited cancer predisposing syndromes using the commercially available target sequencing panel TruSight Cancer. To establish the analysis pipeline, we included 22 control samples with deleterious mutations covering all genes currently analyzed at our institution by standard Sanger sequencing. We tested the pipeline using 51 samples from patients with a clinical diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), 10 of which without previou...
Este artigo tem por objetivo lançar luz sobre o impacto da Guerra Civil Espanhola sobre a indústr... more Este artigo tem por objetivo lançar luz sobre o impacto da Guerra Civil Espanhola sobre a indústria editorial argentina e mexicana. Em particular, pretende enfocar as contribuições oferecidas por refugiados ou exilados espanhóis que, uma vez estabelecidos na outra margem do Atlântico, procuraram retomar seus ofícios de origem, inserindo-se nas gráficas e editoras existentes nesses dois países ou fundando novos negócios livreiros. Tanto o México como, em especial, a Argentina, beneficiaram-se da crise impingida pela guerra à indústria editorial da antiga metrópole para explorar o vasto mercado aberto aos impressos em língua espanhola.
Up to 10% of cases of gastric cancer are familial, but so far, only mutations in CDH1 have been a... more Up to 10% of cases of gastric cancer are familial, but so far, only mutations in CDH1 have been associated with gastric cancer risk. To identify genetic variants that affect risk for gastric cancer, we collected blood samples from 28 patients with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) not associated with mutations in CDH1 and performed whole-exome sequence analysis. We then analyzed sequences of candidate genes in 333 independent HDGC and non-HDGC cases. We identified 11 cases with mutations in PALB2, BRCA1, or RAD51C genes, which regulate homologous DNA recombination. We found these mutations in 2 of 31 patients with HDGC (6.5%) and 9 of 331 patients with sporadic gastric cancer (2.8%). Most of these mutations had been previously associated with other types of tumors and partially co-segregated with gastric cancer in our study. Tumors that developed in patients with these mutations had a mutation signature associated with somatic homologous recombination deficiency. Our findings...
Compaction of chromosomes is essential for accurate segregation of the genome during mitosis. In ... more Compaction of chromosomes is essential for accurate segregation of the genome during mitosis. In vertebrates, two condensin complexes ensure timely chromosome condensation, sister chromatid disentanglement, and maintenance of mitotic chromosome structure. Here, we report that biallelic mutations in NCAPD2, NCAPH, or NCAPD3, encoding subunits of these complexes, cause microcephaly. In addition, hypomorphic Ncaph2 mice have significantly reduced brain size, with frequent anaphase chromatin bridge formation observed in apical neural progenitors during neurogenesis. Such DNA bridges also arise in condensin-deficient patient cells, where they are the consequence of failed sister chromatid disentanglement during chromosome compaction. This results in chromosome segregation errors, leading to micronucleus formation and increased aneuploidy in daughter cells. These findings establish "condensinopathies" as microcephalic disorders, with decatenation failure as an additional disease...
Este artigo analisará as cartas escritas pelo zouave Augustin-Louis Frélaut a seu irmão Fortuné d... more Este artigo analisará as cartas escritas pelo zouave Augustin-Louis Frélaut a seu irmão Fortuné durante a viagem e permanência no México, entre 1862 e 1867, como integrante da expedição militar enviada ao país por Napoleón III. Frélaut partiu da Argélia rumo ao porto de Veracruz em princípios de julho de 1862. Suas cartas contêm relatos vívidos sobre as experiências que tiveram lugar, nos anos seguintes, em solo americano. Pretendo discutir, em particular, as práticas, os recursos e as percepções marcadas no corpus de correspondências acerca do tempo dos deslocamentos físicos, do transporte de bens e víveres, e da circulação de informações e de ideias. Ao mesmo tempo, almejo refletir sobre como as condições acima indicadas ajudaram a conformar o olhar de Frélaut sobre o México, assim como as posições que assumiu em face dos indígenas, das forças liberais, da Igreja, do imperador austríaco “aliado” e das políticas imperiais francesas no ultramar.
Sais de nitrato e nitrito sao aditivos frequentemente adicionados em alimentos, atuam como conser... more Sais de nitrato e nitrito sao aditivos frequentemente adicionados em alimentos, atuam como conservantes, evitando sua deterioracao e realcando sabor e cor. A utilizacao dos sais acima do limite estabelecido pode levar a uma serie de manifestacoes toxicas de carater agudo ou cronico. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de diferentes produtos embutidos de carne como bacon, mortadela, salsicha e linguica, por meio da quantificacao de nitrito e nitrato em amostras, comparando os valores encontrados com os estabelecidos pela legislacao e a diferenca entre eles. Foi utilizada a metodologia Oficial do Ministerio da Agricultura e Pecuaria (MAPA) segundo a Instrucao Normativa no 20/1999, sendo analisadas 200 amostras (50 amostras por produto) em um periodo de seis meses. Os resultados foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA e qui-quadrado considerando significativo p<0,05. Os resultados indicam que uma grande porcentagem dos embutidos analisados possuem concentracao de nitrito e nitrato abaixo do necessario para garantir caracteristicas como cor, aroma e conservacao e os valores acima do permitido somente sao encontrados em um dos grupos de embutido analisados. ABSTRACT Salts of nitrate and nitrite additives are often added to foods, act as preservatives, preventing deterioration and enhancing flavor and color. The use of salts above the limit can lead to a host of toxic manifestations of acute or chronic character. The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of different sausages meat such as bacon, bologna, sausage and sausage, through the quantification of nitrite and nitrate in samples comparing the values obtained with those established by law and the difference between them. The methodology Official of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAP) according to Normative Instruction No 20/1999, which analyzed 200 samples (50 samples per product) for a period of six months. The results were submitted to ANOVA and chi-square considering significant p <0.05. The results indicate that a large percentage of embedded analyzed have concentrations of nitrite and nitrate below what is needed to ensure features like color, aroma and conservation values and above are permitted only found in one group of embedded analyzed.
O conhecimento da qualidade da agua subterrânea e de extrema importância, sobretudo em areas rura... more O conhecimento da qualidade da agua subterrânea e de extrema importância, sobretudo em areas rurais, onde e corriqueira a perfuracoes de pocos para abastecimento de casas, e que muitas vezes sao feitas sem haver acompanhamento da qualidade da agua utilizada pela comunidade. Foi realizada a diferenciacao entre dois pocos presentes em mesmo terreno. O poco A possui nivel estatico abaixo de 2 m e o poco B com 117m de profundidade. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: pH, salinidade, condutividade eletrica, oxigenio dissolvido, temperatura, fluoreto, cloreto, nitrato, sulfato, fosfato, sodio, amonia, potassio, magnesio, calcio, aluminio, bario, cadmio, chumbo, cobre, cromo, ferro e niquel, alem dos pesticidas: glifosato, imazetapir e 2,4-diclorofenoxiacetico. Foram realizadas duas amostragens por poco, em diferente epoca do ano de 2017 (abril e setembro). Os pocos apresentaram diferenciacoes na qualidade da agua. Os valores mais dessemelhantes foram para pH e fluoreto. O poco A apr...
A sindrome de Smith-Lemli-Opitz (SLOS) e uma sindrome polimalformativa de transmissao autossomica... more A sindrome de Smith-Lemli-Opitz (SLOS) e uma sindrome polimalformativa de transmissao autossomica recessiva causada por um defice metabolico da biossintese do colesterol, que se caracteriza por dismorfias craniofaciais, anomalias congenitas de varios orgaos (salientando-se as do esqueleto e do aparelho urogenital), restricao de crescimento intra-uterino (RCIU), alteracoes comportamentais e atraso mental. E causada por mutacoes no gene DHCR7 , que codifica para a enzima 7-dehidrocolesterol reductase, responsavel pelo ultimo passo da via metabolica da sintese do colesterol. A SLOS caracteriza-se por niveis diminuidos de colesterol e concentracoes altas do seu precursor, 7-dehidrocolesterol, no sangue e tecidos. Procedeu-se a uma analise comparativa dos fenotipo e genotipo de quinze casos de SLOS de origem portuguesa, e sao tecidas consideracoes quanto as dificuldades e limitacoes inerentes ao diagnostico, e ao facto de esta doenca hereditaria do metabolismo dever ser considerada no di...
Este estudo teve como objetivo detectar precocemente o deficit visual nas criancas em fase escola... more Este estudo teve como objetivo detectar precocemente o deficit visual nas criancas em fase escolar e promover a saude visual atraves de atividades ludicas por meio da utilizacao de uma metodologia quanti-qualitativa de delineamento transversal. Resultou pela analise qualitativa que o ludico nas acoes educativas tem papel fundamental como metodo facilitador da aprendizagem infantil. No estudo este metodo teve a propriedade de envolver as criancas de tal forma a torna-las agente multiplicador do conhecimento adquirido. No que tange a analise quantitativa pode-se aludir que o teste da acuidade visual foi aplicado em 48 criancas, seguindo os criterios de avaliacao de acuidade visual estabelecidos no projeto. Dos participantes, 7 (15%) criancas foram encaminhadas para o re-teste. Destas, 5 (10,4%) mantiveram resultado que justificou o encaminhamento ao servico de oftalmologia da Associacao de Cegos de Juiz de Fora, que confirmou o deficit visual de todas criancas encaminhadas. Conclui-se...
Certain human traits such as neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) and congenital anomalies (CAs) ar... more Certain human traits such as neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) and congenital anomalies (CAs) are believed to be primarily genetic in origin. However, even after whole-genome sequencing (WGS), a substantial fraction of such disorders remain unexplained. We hypothesize that some cases of ND-CA are caused by aberrant DNA methylation leading to dysregulated genome function. Comparing DNA methylation profiles from 489 individuals with ND-CAs against 1534 controls, we identify epivariations as a frequent occurrence in the human genome. De novo epivariations are significantly enriched in cases, while RNAseq analysis shows that epivariations often have an impact on gene expression comparable to loss-of-function mutations. Additionally, we detect and replicate an enrichment of rare sequence mutations overlapping CTCF binding sites close to epivariations, providing a rationale for interpreting non-coding variation. We propose that epivariations contribute to the pathogenesis of some patient...
We describe a female infant with Fragile-X syndrome, with a fully expanded FMR1 allele and prefer... more We describe a female infant with Fragile-X syndrome, with a fully expanded FMR1 allele and preferential inactivation of the homologous X-chromosome carrying a de novo deletion. This unusual and rare case demonstrates the importance of a detailed genomic approach, the absence of which could be misguiding, and calls for reflection on the current clinical and diagnostic workup for developmental disabilities. We present a female infant, referred for genetic testing due to psychomotor developmental delay without specific dysmorphic features or relevant family history. FMR1 mutation screening revealed a methylated full mutation and a normal but inactive FMR1 allele, which led to further investigation. Complete skewing of X-chromosome inactivation towards the paternally-inherited normal-sized FMR1 allele was found. No pathogenic variants were identified in the XIST promoter. Microarray analysis revealed a 439 kb deletion at Xq28, in a region known to be associated with extreme skewing of X...
Mutations in early B cell factor 3 (EBF3) were recently described in patients with a neurodevelop... more Mutations in early B cell factor 3 (EBF3) were recently described in patients with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) that includes developmental delay/intellectual disability, ataxia, hypotonia, speech impairment, strabismus, genitourinary abnormalities, and mild facial dysmorphisms. Several large 10q terminal and interstitial deletions affecting many genes and including EBF3 have been described in the literature. However, small deletions (<1 MB) affecting almost exclusively EBF3 are not commonly reported. We performed array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) (Agilent 180K) and quantitative PCR analysis in a female patient with intellectual disability. A clinical comparison between our patient and overlapping cases reported in the literature was also made. The patient carries a de novo 600 Kb deletion at 10q26.3 affecting the MGMT, EBF3, and GLRX genes. The patient has severe intellectual disability, language impairment, conductive hearing loss, hypotonia, vision alterati...
X-linked Opitz G/BBB syndrome (XLOS) is a multisystemic congenital condition, caused by mutations... more X-linked Opitz G/BBB syndrome (XLOS) is a multisystemic congenital condition, caused by mutations in the midline-1 gene (MID1), characterized by a large inter- and intrafamilial phenotypic variability and often associated with intellectual disability (ID). We report clinical, genetic, and molecular findings in 4 patients with typical XLOS dysmorphic features belonging to 2 unrelated families. Two novel pathogenic loss-of-function MID1 variants, a maternally inherited c.1656del and a de novo c.1215_1228dup, were identified. Subsequently, we performed a genotype-phenotype analysis using data from 91 male XLOS patients. To test the mutation impact on the phenotype; the type of mutation, the MID1-impaired domain and function were compared with the presence of each of the major clinical features (hypertelorism, clefts of the lip and/or palate, laryngo-tracheo-esophageal abnormalities, hypospadias and ID ) and minor clinical features (brain, heart, and anal defects). No statistically sign...
The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD, Jul 18, 2017
Despite the growing knowledge of the genetic background behind the cancers that occur in a contex... more Despite the growing knowledge of the genetic background behind the cancers that occur in a context of hereditary predisposition, personal or family cancer history may not be clear enough to support directional gene testing. Defined targeted next-generation sequencing gene panels allow identification of the causative disease mutations of multigene syndromes and differential diagnosis for syndromes with phenotypically overlapping characteristics. Herein, we established a next-generation sequencing analysis pipeline for the molecular diagnosis of multiple inherited cancer predisposing syndromes using the commercially available target sequencing panel TruSight Cancer. To establish the analysis pipeline, we included 22 control samples with deleterious mutations covering all genes currently analyzed at our institution by standard Sanger sequencing. We tested the pipeline using 51 samples from patients with a clinical diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), 10 of which without previou...
Este artigo tem por objetivo lançar luz sobre o impacto da Guerra Civil Espanhola sobre a indústr... more Este artigo tem por objetivo lançar luz sobre o impacto da Guerra Civil Espanhola sobre a indústria editorial argentina e mexicana. Em particular, pretende enfocar as contribuições oferecidas por refugiados ou exilados espanhóis que, uma vez estabelecidos na outra margem do Atlântico, procuraram retomar seus ofícios de origem, inserindo-se nas gráficas e editoras existentes nesses dois países ou fundando novos negócios livreiros. Tanto o México como, em especial, a Argentina, beneficiaram-se da crise impingida pela guerra à indústria editorial da antiga metrópole para explorar o vasto mercado aberto aos impressos em língua espanhola.
Up to 10% of cases of gastric cancer are familial, but so far, only mutations in CDH1 have been a... more Up to 10% of cases of gastric cancer are familial, but so far, only mutations in CDH1 have been associated with gastric cancer risk. To identify genetic variants that affect risk for gastric cancer, we collected blood samples from 28 patients with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) not associated with mutations in CDH1 and performed whole-exome sequence analysis. We then analyzed sequences of candidate genes in 333 independent HDGC and non-HDGC cases. We identified 11 cases with mutations in PALB2, BRCA1, or RAD51C genes, which regulate homologous DNA recombination. We found these mutations in 2 of 31 patients with HDGC (6.5%) and 9 of 331 patients with sporadic gastric cancer (2.8%). Most of these mutations had been previously associated with other types of tumors and partially co-segregated with gastric cancer in our study. Tumors that developed in patients with these mutations had a mutation signature associated with somatic homologous recombination deficiency. Our findings...
Compaction of chromosomes is essential for accurate segregation of the genome during mitosis. In ... more Compaction of chromosomes is essential for accurate segregation of the genome during mitosis. In vertebrates, two condensin complexes ensure timely chromosome condensation, sister chromatid disentanglement, and maintenance of mitotic chromosome structure. Here, we report that biallelic mutations in NCAPD2, NCAPH, or NCAPD3, encoding subunits of these complexes, cause microcephaly. In addition, hypomorphic Ncaph2 mice have significantly reduced brain size, with frequent anaphase chromatin bridge formation observed in apical neural progenitors during neurogenesis. Such DNA bridges also arise in condensin-deficient patient cells, where they are the consequence of failed sister chromatid disentanglement during chromosome compaction. This results in chromosome segregation errors, leading to micronucleus formation and increased aneuploidy in daughter cells. These findings establish "condensinopathies" as microcephalic disorders, with decatenation failure as an additional disease...
Este artigo analisará as cartas escritas pelo zouave Augustin-Louis Frélaut a seu irmão Fortuné d... more Este artigo analisará as cartas escritas pelo zouave Augustin-Louis Frélaut a seu irmão Fortuné durante a viagem e permanência no México, entre 1862 e 1867, como integrante da expedição militar enviada ao país por Napoleón III. Frélaut partiu da Argélia rumo ao porto de Veracruz em princípios de julho de 1862. Suas cartas contêm relatos vívidos sobre as experiências que tiveram lugar, nos anos seguintes, em solo americano. Pretendo discutir, em particular, as práticas, os recursos e as percepções marcadas no corpus de correspondências acerca do tempo dos deslocamentos físicos, do transporte de bens e víveres, e da circulação de informações e de ideias. Ao mesmo tempo, almejo refletir sobre como as condições acima indicadas ajudaram a conformar o olhar de Frélaut sobre o México, assim como as posições que assumiu em face dos indígenas, das forças liberais, da Igreja, do imperador austríaco “aliado” e das políticas imperiais francesas no ultramar.
Sais de nitrato e nitrito sao aditivos frequentemente adicionados em alimentos, atuam como conser... more Sais de nitrato e nitrito sao aditivos frequentemente adicionados em alimentos, atuam como conservantes, evitando sua deterioracao e realcando sabor e cor. A utilizacao dos sais acima do limite estabelecido pode levar a uma serie de manifestacoes toxicas de carater agudo ou cronico. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de diferentes produtos embutidos de carne como bacon, mortadela, salsicha e linguica, por meio da quantificacao de nitrito e nitrato em amostras, comparando os valores encontrados com os estabelecidos pela legislacao e a diferenca entre eles. Foi utilizada a metodologia Oficial do Ministerio da Agricultura e Pecuaria (MAPA) segundo a Instrucao Normativa no 20/1999, sendo analisadas 200 amostras (50 amostras por produto) em um periodo de seis meses. Os resultados foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA e qui-quadrado considerando significativo p<0,05. Os resultados indicam que uma grande porcentagem dos embutidos analisados possuem concentracao de nitrito e nitrato abaixo do necessario para garantir caracteristicas como cor, aroma e conservacao e os valores acima do permitido somente sao encontrados em um dos grupos de embutido analisados. ABSTRACT Salts of nitrate and nitrite additives are often added to foods, act as preservatives, preventing deterioration and enhancing flavor and color. The use of salts above the limit can lead to a host of toxic manifestations of acute or chronic character. The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of different sausages meat such as bacon, bologna, sausage and sausage, through the quantification of nitrite and nitrate in samples comparing the values obtained with those established by law and the difference between them. The methodology Official of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAP) according to Normative Instruction No 20/1999, which analyzed 200 samples (50 samples per product) for a period of six months. The results were submitted to ANOVA and chi-square considering significant p <0.05. The results indicate that a large percentage of embedded analyzed have concentrations of nitrite and nitrate below what is needed to ensure features like color, aroma and conservation values and above are permitted only found in one group of embedded analyzed.
Uploads