There has been a significant growth of e-governance systems in general and online voting systems ... more There has been a significant growth of e-governance systems in general and online voting systems in particular. Various models have been proposed to conceptualise and develop these systems. Attention is currently on developing adaptive interfaces that respond intelligently to changes in user profiles. These models differ in many aspects, but no formal classification or comparative study is available as yet which may be used as a reference for researchers engaged in this area. This paper surveys the plethora of existing approaches and models for e-governance and presents a comparative evaluation based on certain qualitative parameters. These parameters have been selected based upon their criticality in e-governance applications. They include security, interoperability, authentication, flexibility, extensibility, privacy, adaptability, transparency, verifiability and robustness. The classification provides a common platform to glean knowledge about the strengths and weaknesses of diff...
ABSTRACT In the present study, Zn1−xNixS (x = 0.0–0.8 mol%) nanoparticles were prepared through t... more ABSTRACT In the present study, Zn1−xNixS (x = 0.0–0.8 mol%) nanoparticles were prepared through the chemical route and the synthesis involved the mixing and drying of zinc acetate and sodium sulphide in an appropriate ratio with the addition of Ni2+ at a proper concentration. The structural and spectroscopic studies are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), absorption spectra, emission and excitation spectra, and Raman spectra. Compared with that of the pristine materials, the absorption band-edge demonstrates an apparently blue shift, which is attributed to the quantum size effect. The average particle size of ZnS nanoparticles is in the range of 2–4 nm deduced from the XRD line broadening. Excited at about 330 nm, a blue emission band at 425 nm can be observed, which corresponds to Ni2+ luminescent center; this result is consistent with the postulation that Ni2+ replaced the Zn2+ ions in the lattice of ZnS nanocrystals. Excitation spectra also confirm the above postulation. The effect of different concentrations of nickel is also studied by Raman spectra.
There has been a significant growth of e-governance systems in general and online voting systems ... more There has been a significant growth of e-governance systems in general and online voting systems in particular. Various models have been proposed to conceptualise and develop these systems. Attention is currently on developing adaptive interfaces that respond intelligently to changes in user profiles. These models differ in many aspects, but no formal classification or comparative study is available as yet which may be used as a reference for researchers engaged in this area. This paper surveys the plethora of existing approaches and models for e-governance and presents a comparative evaluation based on certain qualitative parameters. These parameters have been selected based upon their criticality in e-governance applications. They include security, interoperability, authentication, flexibility, extensibility, privacy, adaptability, transparency, verifiability and robustness. The classification provides a common platform to glean knowledge about the strengths and weaknesses of diff...
ABSTRACT In the present study, Zn1−xNixS (x = 0.0–0.8 mol%) nanoparticles were prepared through t... more ABSTRACT In the present study, Zn1−xNixS (x = 0.0–0.8 mol%) nanoparticles were prepared through the chemical route and the synthesis involved the mixing and drying of zinc acetate and sodium sulphide in an appropriate ratio with the addition of Ni2+ at a proper concentration. The structural and spectroscopic studies are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), absorption spectra, emission and excitation spectra, and Raman spectra. Compared with that of the pristine materials, the absorption band-edge demonstrates an apparently blue shift, which is attributed to the quantum size effect. The average particle size of ZnS nanoparticles is in the range of 2–4 nm deduced from the XRD line broadening. Excited at about 330 nm, a blue emission band at 425 nm can be observed, which corresponds to Ni2+ luminescent center; this result is consistent with the postulation that Ni2+ replaced the Zn2+ ions in the lattice of ZnS nanocrystals. Excitation spectra also confirm the above postulation. The effect of different concentrations of nickel is also studied by Raman spectra.
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Papers by Geeta Rani