INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT, 2019
By the year 2050, the world population is estimated to reach 9.1 billion, which in-turn will incr... more By the year 2050, the world population is estimated to reach 9.1 billion, which in-turn will increase demand for food production by 70% in developing countries. To fulfill the food security requirement over 1 billion population India need to produce an additional 5 million tons per year for the next 20 years to meet its food grain need of 300 million by 2020. Crop protection chemicals or pesticides are inherently toxic and therefore harmful for other non target organisms. The risk posed by these chemicals increased many-folds due to the fact that they do not stay at the intended target surface. Various mechanisms are involved in the movement of pesticides in different environmental components i.e., air, soil and water. Global literature survey showed that synthetic pesticides have potential risk to human and other life forms and unwanted side effects to the environment. In this paper, various studies are reviewed with the aim to understand the factors determining the occurrence of p...
Supervised field trials were conducted at the research farms of four agricultural universities lo... more Supervised field trials were conducted at the research farms of four agricultural universities located at different agro-climatic zones of India to find out the harvest time residues of flubendiamide and its des-iodo metabolite on pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) during the year 2006-2007. Two spray applications of flubendiamide 20 WDG at 50 g (T(1)) and 100 g (T(2)) a.i./ha were given to the crop at 15-days interval. The foliage samples at different time intervals were drawn at only one location, however, the harvest time samples of pigeon pea grain, shell, and straw were drawn at all the four locations. The residues were estimated by HPLC coupled with UV-VIS variable detector. No residues of flubendiamide and its des-iodo metabolite were found at harvest of the crop at or above the LOQ level of 0.05 μg/g. On the basis of the data generated, a pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 28 days has been recommended and the flubendiamide 20 WDG has been registered for use on pigeon pea by Central Insecticide Board and Registration Committee, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India and the MRL has been fixed by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India under Prevention of Food and Adulteration as 0.05 μg/g on pigeon pea grains.
A series of trans-and cis-methylpalladium carbamate complexes PdMe(OCONRR′)L 2 (L = tertiary phos... more A series of trans-and cis-methylpalladium carbamate complexes PdMe(OCONRR′)L 2 (L = tertiary phosphine; R, R′= H, alkyl, and phenyl) was prepared by the reaction of dimethylpalladium complexes with primary or secondary amine and carbon dioxide. When diphenylamine ...
Breast milk is the natural and optimal food for the infants. In addition to meeting the nutrition... more Breast milk is the natural and optimal food for the infants. In addition to meeting the nutritional needs, breast milk provides numerous immunological, developmental, psychological, ecological and practical advantages. The levels of the DDT and HCH residues in human milk collected from remote rural part of Agra were analysed. Beta and gamma isomers of HCH accounts for the major residue of total HCH excreted in breast milk. Delta-HCH was not detected in the samples. 95% of the samples were found to be contaminated with DDT and its metabolites. DDD was found in 88% of the samples analyzed. The total concentration of DDT and HCH were found lower than the previous studies carried out in India. The study shows the decreasing levels of these organochlorine pesticides from the environment. Total concentration of total DDT is higher than total HCH.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT, 2019
By the year 2050, the world population is estimated to reach 9.1 billion, which in-turn will incr... more By the year 2050, the world population is estimated to reach 9.1 billion, which in-turn will increase demand for food production by 70% in developing countries. To fulfill the food security requirement over 1 billion population India need to produce an additional 5 million tons per year for the next 20 years to meet its food grain need of 300 million by 2020. Crop protection chemicals or pesticides are inherently toxic and therefore harmful for other non target organisms. The risk posed by these chemicals increased many-folds due to the fact that they do not stay at the intended target surface. Various mechanisms are involved in the movement of pesticides in different environmental components i.e., air, soil and water. Global literature survey showed that synthetic pesticides have potential risk to human and other life forms and unwanted side effects to the environment. In this paper, various studies are reviewed with the aim to understand the factors determining the occurrence of p...
Supervised field trials were conducted at the research farms of four agricultural universities lo... more Supervised field trials were conducted at the research farms of four agricultural universities located at different agro-climatic zones of India to find out the harvest time residues of flubendiamide and its des-iodo metabolite on pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) during the year 2006-2007. Two spray applications of flubendiamide 20 WDG at 50 g (T(1)) and 100 g (T(2)) a.i./ha were given to the crop at 15-days interval. The foliage samples at different time intervals were drawn at only one location, however, the harvest time samples of pigeon pea grain, shell, and straw were drawn at all the four locations. The residues were estimated by HPLC coupled with UV-VIS variable detector. No residues of flubendiamide and its des-iodo metabolite were found at harvest of the crop at or above the LOQ level of 0.05 μg/g. On the basis of the data generated, a pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 28 days has been recommended and the flubendiamide 20 WDG has been registered for use on pigeon pea by Central Insecticide Board and Registration Committee, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India and the MRL has been fixed by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India under Prevention of Food and Adulteration as 0.05 μg/g on pigeon pea grains.
A series of trans-and cis-methylpalladium carbamate complexes PdMe(OCONRR′)L 2 (L = tertiary phos... more A series of trans-and cis-methylpalladium carbamate complexes PdMe(OCONRR′)L 2 (L = tertiary phosphine; R, R′= H, alkyl, and phenyl) was prepared by the reaction of dimethylpalladium complexes with primary or secondary amine and carbon dioxide. When diphenylamine ...
Breast milk is the natural and optimal food for the infants. In addition to meeting the nutrition... more Breast milk is the natural and optimal food for the infants. In addition to meeting the nutritional needs, breast milk provides numerous immunological, developmental, psychological, ecological and practical advantages. The levels of the DDT and HCH residues in human milk collected from remote rural part of Agra were analysed. Beta and gamma isomers of HCH accounts for the major residue of total HCH excreted in breast milk. Delta-HCH was not detected in the samples. 95% of the samples were found to be contaminated with DDT and its metabolites. DDD was found in 88% of the samples analyzed. The total concentration of DDT and HCH were found lower than the previous studies carried out in India. The study shows the decreasing levels of these organochlorine pesticides from the environment. Total concentration of total DDT is higher than total HCH.
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