Environmental scientist with experience in policy development, hazardous waste site characterization, evaluation of explosives safety risks, and explosives safety outreach.
Shortly after World War II, conventional military munitions were disposed of in relatively shallo... more Shortly after World War II, conventional military munitions were disposed of in relatively shallow (<100 m) waters off the leeward side of O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. The Department of Defense refers to this area as Hawaii Sea Disposal Site 6 (HI-06). Local residents, who refer to the area as Ordnance Reef, expressed concerns regarding the effects of these discarded military munitions (DMM) on the environment. In this presentation we discuss our use of multivariate statistical techniques to analyze sediment and biota data to identify the possible sources of the various analytes (elements and energetics, i.e., propellants and explosives) that were detected in the sediments and selected biota (typical Hawaiian seafood) of Ordnance Reef. We found that the ordination technique nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was particularly sensitive to identifying patterns in both the sediment analytes and samples that suggested two distinct sources – the DMM (copper, zinc, lead, magnesium, and various energetics) and terrestrial sources (iron, aluminum, chromium, and arsenic, to name a few). The analytes in the NMDS plot for biota generally did not cluster by source (e.g., DMM) nor did the biota samples cluster by strata but instead clustered by organism type. The only exception was what appeared to be some clustering by strata for limu (seaweed) possibly because it was a plant rather than an animal and limu is sessile. We did, however, notice that crabs and octopus clustered near each other and with zinc and copper. We attributed this to the fact that both organisms have copper-based hemocyanin in their blood and copper- and zinc-based enzymes in their bodies.
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2016
ABSTRACT Still images from a towed camera sled were used to evaluate the potential ecological eff... more ABSTRACT Still images from a towed camera sled were used to evaluate the potential ecological effects of M47A2 mustard-filled (1,1′-thiobis[2-chloroethane]) bombs disposed of in over 500 m of water off the south coast of Oahu in 1944. The types of munitions and munitions debris in the images were identified by an ordnance and explosives safety specialist. To the extent feasible, non-munitions related debris were also identified. Biologists then examined the images and identified the types and numbers of animals: 1) on or near (<1 m) the M47A2 bombs; 2) on other manmade debris, including other munitions; and 3) on the natural substrate that was predominantly sediment with little, if any, topographic relief. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to analyze these data to identify differences between the biota inhabiting the three substrates. The analysis indicated that the types and numbers of animals associated with the M47A2 bombs were not significantly different from those observed on other types of munitions and other manmade debris; however they were significantly different from the animals found only on the natural sediment. Based on these results, it appears that the mustard-filled bombs are providing hard substrate similar to other disposed objects, attracting “hard substrate species” that would not have otherwise colonized the area. Even though it is apparent that many of the mustard-filled bombs have breached and their contents exposed, the analysis did not find any evidence of animals avoiding the mustard-filled bombs.
... Brenda Smith Myles University of Kansas ... The impor-tant area of assessing joint attention ... more ... Brenda Smith Myles University of Kansas ... The impor-tant area of assessing joint attention in chil-dren and youth with ASD is discussed by Peter Mundy and Amy Vaughan, who give a concise overview of the nature of joint atten-tion and its importance for social and com ...
Shortly after World War II, conventional military munitions were disposed of in relatively shallo... more Shortly after World War II, conventional military munitions were disposed of in relatively shallow (<100 m) waters off the leeward side of O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. The Department of Defense refers to this area as Hawaii Sea Disposal Site 6 (HI-06). Local residents, who refer to the area as Ordnance Reef, expressed concerns regarding the effects of these discarded military munitions (DMM) on the environment. In this presentation we discuss our use of multivariate statistical techniques to analyze sediment and biota data to identify the possible sources of the various analytes (elements and energetics, i.e., propellants and explosives) that were detected in the sediments and selected biota (typical Hawaiian seafood) of Ordnance Reef. We found that the ordination technique nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was particularly sensitive to identifying patterns in both the sediment analytes and samples that suggested two distinct sources – the DMM (copper, zinc, lead, magnesium, and vario...
Review of the development of the Army 3Rs Explosive Safety Program and the tools available to pub... more Review of the development of the Army 3Rs Explosive Safety Program and the tools available to public affairs personnel, safety officials, and contractors. Discussion of the history of the program and its implementation.
An overview of US disposals of munitions in US coastal waters as known in 2007. Provides a snapsh... more An overview of US disposals of munitions in US coastal waters as known in 2007. Provides a snapshot of the work being done to understand the issue and evaluate the risk.
Describes steps taken to prepare explosive manufacturing buildings and to monitor during thermal ... more Describes steps taken to prepare explosive manufacturing buildings and to monitor during thermal decontamination.
Provides an overview of sites that may have munitions, distribution of munitions at the sites, ho... more Provides an overview of sites that may have munitions, distribution of munitions at the sites, how munitions are constructed, and studies on corrosion of munitions.
The Hawaii Undersea Military Munitions Assessment (HUMMA) is multi-phase program undertaking the ... more The Hawaii Undersea Military Munitions Assessment (HUMMA) is multi-phase program undertaking the unique challenge of characterizing a historic deep-water chemical munitions disposal site to determine the potential impact of the ocean environment on sea disposed munitions and of sea disposed munitions on the ocean environment and those that use it.
Shortly after World War II, conventional military munitions were disposed of in relatively shallo... more Shortly after World War II, conventional military munitions were disposed of in relatively shallow (&lt;100 m) waters off the leeward side of O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. The Department of Defense refers to this area as Hawaii Sea Disposal Site 6 (HI-06). Local residents, who refer to the area as Ordnance Reef, expressed concerns regarding the effects of these discarded military munitions (DMM) on the environment. In this presentation we discuss our use of multivariate statistical techniques to analyze sediment and biota data to identify the possible sources of the various analytes (elements and energetics, i.e., propellants and explosives) that were detected in the sediments and selected biota (typical Hawaiian seafood) of Ordnance Reef. We found that the ordination technique nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was particularly sensitive to identifying patterns in both the sediment analytes and samples that suggested two distinct sources – the DMM (copper, zinc, lead, magnesium, and various energetics) and terrestrial sources (iron, aluminum, chromium, and arsenic, to name a few). The analytes in the NMDS plot for biota generally did not cluster by source (e.g., DMM) nor did the biota samples cluster by strata but instead clustered by organism type. The only exception was what appeared to be some clustering by strata for limu (seaweed) possibly because it was a plant rather than an animal and limu is sessile. We did, however, notice that crabs and octopus clustered near each other and with zinc and copper. We attributed this to the fact that both organisms have copper-based hemocyanin in their blood and copper- and zinc-based enzymes in their bodies.
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2016
ABSTRACT Still images from a towed camera sled were used to evaluate the potential ecological eff... more ABSTRACT Still images from a towed camera sled were used to evaluate the potential ecological effects of M47A2 mustard-filled (1,1′-thiobis[2-chloroethane]) bombs disposed of in over 500 m of water off the south coast of Oahu in 1944. The types of munitions and munitions debris in the images were identified by an ordnance and explosives safety specialist. To the extent feasible, non-munitions related debris were also identified. Biologists then examined the images and identified the types and numbers of animals: 1) on or near (&lt;1 m) the M47A2 bombs; 2) on other manmade debris, including other munitions; and 3) on the natural substrate that was predominantly sediment with little, if any, topographic relief. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to analyze these data to identify differences between the biota inhabiting the three substrates. The analysis indicated that the types and numbers of animals associated with the M47A2 bombs were not significantly different from those observed on other types of munitions and other manmade debris; however they were significantly different from the animals found only on the natural sediment. Based on these results, it appears that the mustard-filled bombs are providing hard substrate similar to other disposed objects, attracting “hard substrate species” that would not have otherwise colonized the area. Even though it is apparent that many of the mustard-filled bombs have breached and their contents exposed, the analysis did not find any evidence of animals avoiding the mustard-filled bombs.
... Brenda Smith Myles University of Kansas ... The impor-tant area of assessing joint attention ... more ... Brenda Smith Myles University of Kansas ... The impor-tant area of assessing joint attention in chil-dren and youth with ASD is discussed by Peter Mundy and Amy Vaughan, who give a concise overview of the nature of joint atten-tion and its importance for social and com ...
Shortly after World War II, conventional military munitions were disposed of in relatively shallo... more Shortly after World War II, conventional military munitions were disposed of in relatively shallow (<100 m) waters off the leeward side of O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. The Department of Defense refers to this area as Hawaii Sea Disposal Site 6 (HI-06). Local residents, who refer to the area as Ordnance Reef, expressed concerns regarding the effects of these discarded military munitions (DMM) on the environment. In this presentation we discuss our use of multivariate statistical techniques to analyze sediment and biota data to identify the possible sources of the various analytes (elements and energetics, i.e., propellants and explosives) that were detected in the sediments and selected biota (typical Hawaiian seafood) of Ordnance Reef. We found that the ordination technique nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was particularly sensitive to identifying patterns in both the sediment analytes and samples that suggested two distinct sources – the DMM (copper, zinc, lead, magnesium, and vario...
Review of the development of the Army 3Rs Explosive Safety Program and the tools available to pub... more Review of the development of the Army 3Rs Explosive Safety Program and the tools available to public affairs personnel, safety officials, and contractors. Discussion of the history of the program and its implementation.
An overview of US disposals of munitions in US coastal waters as known in 2007. Provides a snapsh... more An overview of US disposals of munitions in US coastal waters as known in 2007. Provides a snapshot of the work being done to understand the issue and evaluate the risk.
Describes steps taken to prepare explosive manufacturing buildings and to monitor during thermal ... more Describes steps taken to prepare explosive manufacturing buildings and to monitor during thermal decontamination.
Provides an overview of sites that may have munitions, distribution of munitions at the sites, ho... more Provides an overview of sites that may have munitions, distribution of munitions at the sites, how munitions are constructed, and studies on corrosion of munitions.
The Hawaii Undersea Military Munitions Assessment (HUMMA) is multi-phase program undertaking the ... more The Hawaii Undersea Military Munitions Assessment (HUMMA) is multi-phase program undertaking the unique challenge of characterizing a historic deep-water chemical munitions disposal site to determine the potential impact of the ocean environment on sea disposed munitions and of sea disposed munitions on the ocean environment and those that use it.
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