Background Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) is a perennial vegetable of economic importance for ... more Background Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) is a perennial vegetable of economic importance for its high nutritional and medicinal value. Male plants are more desirable because of their higher spear yield. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the gibberellin inhibitors; paclobutrazol (PBZ) and cycocel (CCC) for in vitro preservation by encapsulation of in vitro-derived shoot tips of the superior germplasm of the first generation of asparagus male hybrid; cultivar Mary Washington 500W. Methods An efficient technique for synthetic seeds production was achieved, consisting of 3% (w/v) Na-alginate dissolved in water, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, MS medium with the growth inhibitors; PBZ and CCC at different concentrations, and 0.1 M calcium chloride (CaCl2.2H2O). Synthetic seeds were stored at 4 ℃ and then cultured after different storage durations (0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks) on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 kinetin, 0.2 mg l−1 naphtha...
... Ghada Abd El-Moneim Hegazi1٭ and Taghried Mohammed El-Lamey2 ... cultured on MS medium supple... more ... Ghada Abd El-Moneim Hegazi1٭ and Taghried Mohammed El-Lamey2 ... cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l of both 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin (Kn) and different phenylalanine (L-phe) and casein hydrolysate (CH) concentrations, was ...
Jojoba or Hohoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider) is an economically important plant in ar... more Jojoba or Hohoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider) is an economically important plant in arid and semi-arid areas. Micropropagation is a highly recommended strategy for obtaining Jojoba elite clones. The present investigation aimed to study the effect of explant type and sequential subcultures on the in vitro multiple shoots formation of Jojoba. Four explants form female mature plants were used for the in vitro establishment of Jojoba; shoot tips and terminal, sub-terminal and basal stem node segments. It was found that Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6- benzylaminopurine (BA) at 1.25 mg/l could be a promising treatment for the in vitro establishment of all explant types. On the other hand, BA at 2 mg/l is the most promising concentration for shoot multiplication, which gave higher values of mean number of axillary shoots during all successive subcultures than the other treatments. It was also found that the mean number of axillary shoots increased till the 4...
Periploca angustifolia Labill. (Asclepiadaceae) is an extremely rare fodder shrub native to Egypt... more Periploca angustifolia Labill. (Asclepiadaceae) is an extremely rare fodder shrub native to Egypt which is being severely affected by habitat loss and overgrazing due to its high palatability to animals. Tissue culture of this species has not been previously reported and may be a method for its conservation and propagation as it is heavily overexploited. An efficient and rapid method for micropropagation of P. angustifolia was developed by nodal stem segments collected from mature shrubs in the wild. Nodal explants were established on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing 3% sucrose supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mg l) in combination with -naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (0.1 and 0.2 mg l). Shoots could be multiplied on MS medium containing 3% sucrose supplemented with BAP (0.5-2.0 mg 1) and N6-(2-isopentenyl) adenine (2iP) (0.5 mg 1). The maximum number of proliferated shoots was obtained on MS medium containing 3%...
Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) is a multipurpose plant and gains a special interest as a non-edible b... more Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) is a multipurpose plant and gains a special interest as a non-edible biofuel producing plant. The present study aimed to establish an efficient protocol for in vitro regeneration of Jatropha from cotyledonary leaves. Hundred percent of explants induced green and nodulated regenerative callus when explants were placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.45 or 4.54 μM thidiazuron (TDZ). The induced callus gave the highest number of shoots (11.9) on MS medium supplemented with 0.45 μM TDZ. The optimum medium for shoot proliferation and elongation was MS medium supplemented with 8.88 μM 6-benzyl adenine (BA) combined with 54.3 μM adenine sulphate (12.7 shoots with a length of 3.72 cm). These shoots were isolated and then rooted in half strength MS medium supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at the concentration of 1.47 μM and gave the highest rooting percentage of 61.66%. This protocol is efficient in mass production of the biofuel ...
An efficient protocol for micropropagation was developed to conserve two rare Egyptian Capparis s... more An efficient protocol for micropropagation was developed to conserve two rare Egyptian Capparis species; Capparis orientalis Duh. and Capparis leucophylla DC., using stem node sections and shoot tips. In vitro propagation of these two species has not been previously reported. Concerning C. orientalis; Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 3 mg/L benzyl adenine (BA) with or without 0.2 mg/L 2naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were the most suitable media for the establishment of both stem node sections and shoot tips, and MS medium containing 3 mg/L BA was optimum for the multiplication of explants. Δ2isopentenyladenine (2iP) gave promising results in enhancing elongation of axillary shoots of C. orientalis, when added to MS medium at a concentration of 1 mg/L in addition to 3 mg/L BA. The highest rooting percentage of C. orientalis (60%) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L of both indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and NAA after 60 days of incubation. With respect to C. leuc...
Genetic diversity among seven natural local populations of the aromatic shrubby herb; Artemisia j... more Genetic diversity among seven natural local populations of the aromatic shrubby herb; Artemisia judaica L. from different sites in South Sinai, Egypt has been investigated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 87 amplified bands, including 50 polymorphic, were scored using 10 selected RAPD primers, with an average of 8.7 amplified bands per primer and 57.47% polymorphism, indicating a marked genetic variation in the examined populations. The RAPD markers were used to calculate the similarity between the examined populations and construct a distance tree that illustrates the genetic distance between them. These data provide important baseline data for conservation and collection strategies for this species. Meanwhile more studies are recommended to determine the populations that should be sampled in ex-situation protection so as to retain as much genetic diversity as possible.
Cryopreservation has been recognized as a practical and efficient tool for long-term storage of v... more Cryopreservation has been recognized as a practical and efficient tool for long-term storage of vegetatively propagated plants. This study was conducted to examine the effect of three cryopreservation methods (vitrification, encapsulation/vitrification and encapsulation/dehydration) and four different storage periods (0, 1, 3 and 6 months) on the survival and recovery percentages of excised in vitro- and virus-free shoot tips of two potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars, namely Spunta and Lady Rosetta. In vitro produced plantlets were pretreated with high sucrose concentrations and cold temperature (10°C), before the application of different cryopreservation methods. After pretreatments, samples were rapidly cooled in liquid nitrogen and stored at a temperature of -80°C. Cryopreserved shoot tips, after thawing for 90 seconds at 38-40°C in a water bath, were directly planted on regeneration medium for recovery. The highest survival (73.44%) as well as recovery (53.13%), of cryopres...
Argan (Argania spinosa) is a drought tolerant multipurpose tree, endemic to Morocco and has high ... more Argan (Argania spinosa) is a drought tolerant multipurpose tree, endemic to Morocco and has high economic and ecological importance, particularly for its valuable oil. The plant is endangered; therefore, the in vitro culture of this plant could conserve its natural populations. The aim of this research was the in vitro culture of argan and study the influence of titanium and silicon dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 and SiO2 NPs) on plant growth improvement. Argan seeds were germinated in vitro in liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.537 μM β–naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 1.445 μM gibberellic acid (GA3) and 4.44 μM benzyl adenine (BA) with 80% germination percentage. Shoot tips and stem node segments from seedlings were in vitro initiated on MS medium supplemented with 0.289 μM GA3, 2.325 μM kinetin (Kin) and 8.88 μM BA. Axillary shoots were multiplied on MS medium supplemented with 2.27 μM thidiazorun (TDZ) and 0.537 μM NAA giving 5.1 axillary shoots/explant. Elong...
Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) is a promising energy crop due to the high amount of seed oil that can... more Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) is a promising energy crop due to the high amount of seed oil that can be converted into biodiesel. A high-quality biodiesel contains less polyunsaturated fatty acids and more monounsaturated fatty acids. Jatropha seed oil has 30 to 50% polyunsaturated fatty acids (mainly linoleic acid), that negatively affectsits quality and performance. The enzyme 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 12-desaturase (FAD2) is the key enzyme for the production of linoleic acid. The aim of the study isdownregulating the expression of 12 fatty acid desaturase gene in Jatroha curcas (JcFAD2-1gene) that encodes the enzymeresponsible of conversion of oleic acid into linoleic acidby RNA interference (RNAi) technology to block its action. To achieve the objective, RNAi induced vectortargeting the FAD2-1 gene was designed. The FAD2-1 RNAi construct is ready to be used for further transformation experiments. The represented protocol could be successfully applied to increase...
In order to examine the genetic diversity of two population of the Moringa peregrina in South Sin... more In order to examine the genetic diversity of two population of the Moringa peregrina in South Sinai, research was performed using ten primers of ISSR molecule marker. The investigation was carried out as a primary step towards developing effective conservation strategies for the protection of Moringa germplasm. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity within and among twenty individuals M. peregrirna were collected from different regions Wady Zaghra and Wady Feiran. Primer 807 showed the highest number of bands (31 bands), but primers 17899B, showed the lowest number of bands. ISSR marker analysis showed significant level of genetic variation within the populations as revealed by number of bands moderately high average values of PIC (0.53) that the highest amount of PIC related to HB4, HB1 and 844B, while the lowest pic was related to primer 17899B. Cluster analysis was performed to construct dendogram using UPGMA. A dendogram clustered the individuals into two majo...
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell, commonly known as ‘Brahmi’, belonging to family Scrophulariaceae, i... more Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell, commonly known as ‘Brahmi’, belonging to family Scrophulariaceae, is a rare medicinal herb with global interest, and is one of the natural plants in the flora of Egypt. The plant grows in damp and marshy places of the Eastern Mediterranean coastal region in North Sinai. It is mainly used for the treatment of neurological disorders. With increasing demand for B. monnieri in pharmaceutical industries, there is a need to conserve the wild stocks of this plant through biotechnological approaches. A successful protocol for synthetic seeds production is developed in the present study for conservation of B. monnieri. Shoot tips excised from in vitro-derived multiple shoots were encapsulated in calcium alginate beads. Uniform spherical beads were obtained using 2.5% sodium alginate and 100 mM calcium chloride (CaCl2.2H2O) solutions. Shoot tips were stored for six months in calcium alginate beads containing different matrixes; water, Murashige and Skoog medium a...
A successful protocol for in vitro production of bacoside A in callus and suspension cultures of ... more A successful protocol for in vitro production of bacoside A in callus and suspension cultures of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell was described. B. monnieri is a rare medicinal herb containing bacoside A, one of the active principles responsible for improving memory. Leaf explants of B. monnieri were collected from mature plants grown in damp and marshy places in the Eastern Mediterranean coastal region of Egypt (North Sinai). They induced 100% of yellowish white friable callus on all tested Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), either individually or in combination with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or N6-furfuryladenine (Kinetin; KIN). MS medium supplemented with 9 μM 2,4-D and 2.3 μM KIN was the best medium for callus induction and proliferation from leaf segments of B. monnieri, it gave the maximum mean fresh weight of callus and percentage of increase in fresh weight after two subcultures, comparing to the other tested media. The effe...
Argan (Argania spinosa) is an endangered plant and one of the endemic agroforestry species of Mor... more Argan (Argania spinosa) is an endangered plant and one of the endemic agroforestry species of Morocco, which belongs to family of Sapotaceae. The plant contains α-tocopherol; the major vitamin E compound that is essential for medical purposes and human nutrition. Plant tissue culture has great advantages for potential production of bioactive plant metabolites. The objective of this study was the enhancement of α-tocopherol in vitro production in argan callus and suspension cultures using tyrosine as a precursor and titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles as elicitors. White friable callus was induced by culturing seedling leaves on full strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 5 μM β–naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). In suspension cultures, tyrosine (275.953 μM) led to the increase of α-tocopherol percentage to 0.0602% with about 2.17-fold increase after 10 days of culture, compared to the cont...
In vitro production of valuable secondary metabolites is the best suited alternative over traditi... more In vitro production of valuable secondary metabolites is the best suited alternative over traditional field cultivation and chemical synthesis, for mass production of natural pure chemicals more cheaply and rapidly, independently from climate change and negative biotic and abiotic influences on secondary metabolites production in naturally grown plants. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a major compound in Salvadorapersica L., is one of the naturally occurring isothiocyanates, and has antioxidant and anticancer properties. In this study, an in vitro method was developed for the production of BITC from callus cultures of S. persica, a rare medicinal plant in Egypt. Two types of explants; leaf and stem sections were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) independently or in combination with kinetin (Kn), for callus induction and mentainance. MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l 2,4-D gave the maximum...
Background Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) is a perennial vegetable of economic importance for ... more Background Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) is a perennial vegetable of economic importance for its high nutritional and medicinal value. Male plants are more desirable because of their higher spear yield. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the gibberellin inhibitors; paclobutrazol (PBZ) and cycocel (CCC) for in vitro preservation by encapsulation of in vitro-derived shoot tips of the superior germplasm of the first generation of asparagus male hybrid; cultivar Mary Washington 500W. Methods An efficient technique for synthetic seeds production was achieved, consisting of 3% (w/v) Na-alginate dissolved in water, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, MS medium with the growth inhibitors; PBZ and CCC at different concentrations, and 0.1 M calcium chloride (CaCl2.2H2O). Synthetic seeds were stored at 4 ℃ and then cultured after different storage durations (0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks) on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 kinetin, 0.2 mg l−1 naphtha...
... Ghada Abd El-Moneim Hegazi1٭ and Taghried Mohammed El-Lamey2 ... cultured on MS medium supple... more ... Ghada Abd El-Moneim Hegazi1٭ and Taghried Mohammed El-Lamey2 ... cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l of both 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin (Kn) and different phenylalanine (L-phe) and casein hydrolysate (CH) concentrations, was ...
Jojoba or Hohoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider) is an economically important plant in ar... more Jojoba or Hohoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider) is an economically important plant in arid and semi-arid areas. Micropropagation is a highly recommended strategy for obtaining Jojoba elite clones. The present investigation aimed to study the effect of explant type and sequential subcultures on the in vitro multiple shoots formation of Jojoba. Four explants form female mature plants were used for the in vitro establishment of Jojoba; shoot tips and terminal, sub-terminal and basal stem node segments. It was found that Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6- benzylaminopurine (BA) at 1.25 mg/l could be a promising treatment for the in vitro establishment of all explant types. On the other hand, BA at 2 mg/l is the most promising concentration for shoot multiplication, which gave higher values of mean number of axillary shoots during all successive subcultures than the other treatments. It was also found that the mean number of axillary shoots increased till the 4...
Periploca angustifolia Labill. (Asclepiadaceae) is an extremely rare fodder shrub native to Egypt... more Periploca angustifolia Labill. (Asclepiadaceae) is an extremely rare fodder shrub native to Egypt which is being severely affected by habitat loss and overgrazing due to its high palatability to animals. Tissue culture of this species has not been previously reported and may be a method for its conservation and propagation as it is heavily overexploited. An efficient and rapid method for micropropagation of P. angustifolia was developed by nodal stem segments collected from mature shrubs in the wild. Nodal explants were established on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing 3% sucrose supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mg l) in combination with -naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (0.1 and 0.2 mg l). Shoots could be multiplied on MS medium containing 3% sucrose supplemented with BAP (0.5-2.0 mg 1) and N6-(2-isopentenyl) adenine (2iP) (0.5 mg 1). The maximum number of proliferated shoots was obtained on MS medium containing 3%...
Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) is a multipurpose plant and gains a special interest as a non-edible b... more Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) is a multipurpose plant and gains a special interest as a non-edible biofuel producing plant. The present study aimed to establish an efficient protocol for in vitro regeneration of Jatropha from cotyledonary leaves. Hundred percent of explants induced green and nodulated regenerative callus when explants were placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.45 or 4.54 μM thidiazuron (TDZ). The induced callus gave the highest number of shoots (11.9) on MS medium supplemented with 0.45 μM TDZ. The optimum medium for shoot proliferation and elongation was MS medium supplemented with 8.88 μM 6-benzyl adenine (BA) combined with 54.3 μM adenine sulphate (12.7 shoots with a length of 3.72 cm). These shoots were isolated and then rooted in half strength MS medium supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at the concentration of 1.47 μM and gave the highest rooting percentage of 61.66%. This protocol is efficient in mass production of the biofuel ...
An efficient protocol for micropropagation was developed to conserve two rare Egyptian Capparis s... more An efficient protocol for micropropagation was developed to conserve two rare Egyptian Capparis species; Capparis orientalis Duh. and Capparis leucophylla DC., using stem node sections and shoot tips. In vitro propagation of these two species has not been previously reported. Concerning C. orientalis; Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 3 mg/L benzyl adenine (BA) with or without 0.2 mg/L 2naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were the most suitable media for the establishment of both stem node sections and shoot tips, and MS medium containing 3 mg/L BA was optimum for the multiplication of explants. Δ2isopentenyladenine (2iP) gave promising results in enhancing elongation of axillary shoots of C. orientalis, when added to MS medium at a concentration of 1 mg/L in addition to 3 mg/L BA. The highest rooting percentage of C. orientalis (60%) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L of both indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and NAA after 60 days of incubation. With respect to C. leuc...
Genetic diversity among seven natural local populations of the aromatic shrubby herb; Artemisia j... more Genetic diversity among seven natural local populations of the aromatic shrubby herb; Artemisia judaica L. from different sites in South Sinai, Egypt has been investigated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 87 amplified bands, including 50 polymorphic, were scored using 10 selected RAPD primers, with an average of 8.7 amplified bands per primer and 57.47% polymorphism, indicating a marked genetic variation in the examined populations. The RAPD markers were used to calculate the similarity between the examined populations and construct a distance tree that illustrates the genetic distance between them. These data provide important baseline data for conservation and collection strategies for this species. Meanwhile more studies are recommended to determine the populations that should be sampled in ex-situation protection so as to retain as much genetic diversity as possible.
Cryopreservation has been recognized as a practical and efficient tool for long-term storage of v... more Cryopreservation has been recognized as a practical and efficient tool for long-term storage of vegetatively propagated plants. This study was conducted to examine the effect of three cryopreservation methods (vitrification, encapsulation/vitrification and encapsulation/dehydration) and four different storage periods (0, 1, 3 and 6 months) on the survival and recovery percentages of excised in vitro- and virus-free shoot tips of two potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars, namely Spunta and Lady Rosetta. In vitro produced plantlets were pretreated with high sucrose concentrations and cold temperature (10°C), before the application of different cryopreservation methods. After pretreatments, samples were rapidly cooled in liquid nitrogen and stored at a temperature of -80°C. Cryopreserved shoot tips, after thawing for 90 seconds at 38-40°C in a water bath, were directly planted on regeneration medium for recovery. The highest survival (73.44%) as well as recovery (53.13%), of cryopres...
Argan (Argania spinosa) is a drought tolerant multipurpose tree, endemic to Morocco and has high ... more Argan (Argania spinosa) is a drought tolerant multipurpose tree, endemic to Morocco and has high economic and ecological importance, particularly for its valuable oil. The plant is endangered; therefore, the in vitro culture of this plant could conserve its natural populations. The aim of this research was the in vitro culture of argan and study the influence of titanium and silicon dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 and SiO2 NPs) on plant growth improvement. Argan seeds were germinated in vitro in liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.537 μM β–naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 1.445 μM gibberellic acid (GA3) and 4.44 μM benzyl adenine (BA) with 80% germination percentage. Shoot tips and stem node segments from seedlings were in vitro initiated on MS medium supplemented with 0.289 μM GA3, 2.325 μM kinetin (Kin) and 8.88 μM BA. Axillary shoots were multiplied on MS medium supplemented with 2.27 μM thidiazorun (TDZ) and 0.537 μM NAA giving 5.1 axillary shoots/explant. Elong...
Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) is a promising energy crop due to the high amount of seed oil that can... more Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) is a promising energy crop due to the high amount of seed oil that can be converted into biodiesel. A high-quality biodiesel contains less polyunsaturated fatty acids and more monounsaturated fatty acids. Jatropha seed oil has 30 to 50% polyunsaturated fatty acids (mainly linoleic acid), that negatively affectsits quality and performance. The enzyme 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 12-desaturase (FAD2) is the key enzyme for the production of linoleic acid. The aim of the study isdownregulating the expression of 12 fatty acid desaturase gene in Jatroha curcas (JcFAD2-1gene) that encodes the enzymeresponsible of conversion of oleic acid into linoleic acidby RNA interference (RNAi) technology to block its action. To achieve the objective, RNAi induced vectortargeting the FAD2-1 gene was designed. The FAD2-1 RNAi construct is ready to be used for further transformation experiments. The represented protocol could be successfully applied to increase...
In order to examine the genetic diversity of two population of the Moringa peregrina in South Sin... more In order to examine the genetic diversity of two population of the Moringa peregrina in South Sinai, research was performed using ten primers of ISSR molecule marker. The investigation was carried out as a primary step towards developing effective conservation strategies for the protection of Moringa germplasm. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity within and among twenty individuals M. peregrirna were collected from different regions Wady Zaghra and Wady Feiran. Primer 807 showed the highest number of bands (31 bands), but primers 17899B, showed the lowest number of bands. ISSR marker analysis showed significant level of genetic variation within the populations as revealed by number of bands moderately high average values of PIC (0.53) that the highest amount of PIC related to HB4, HB1 and 844B, while the lowest pic was related to primer 17899B. Cluster analysis was performed to construct dendogram using UPGMA. A dendogram clustered the individuals into two majo...
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell, commonly known as ‘Brahmi’, belonging to family Scrophulariaceae, i... more Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell, commonly known as ‘Brahmi’, belonging to family Scrophulariaceae, is a rare medicinal herb with global interest, and is one of the natural plants in the flora of Egypt. The plant grows in damp and marshy places of the Eastern Mediterranean coastal region in North Sinai. It is mainly used for the treatment of neurological disorders. With increasing demand for B. monnieri in pharmaceutical industries, there is a need to conserve the wild stocks of this plant through biotechnological approaches. A successful protocol for synthetic seeds production is developed in the present study for conservation of B. monnieri. Shoot tips excised from in vitro-derived multiple shoots were encapsulated in calcium alginate beads. Uniform spherical beads were obtained using 2.5% sodium alginate and 100 mM calcium chloride (CaCl2.2H2O) solutions. Shoot tips were stored for six months in calcium alginate beads containing different matrixes; water, Murashige and Skoog medium a...
A successful protocol for in vitro production of bacoside A in callus and suspension cultures of ... more A successful protocol for in vitro production of bacoside A in callus and suspension cultures of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell was described. B. monnieri is a rare medicinal herb containing bacoside A, one of the active principles responsible for improving memory. Leaf explants of B. monnieri were collected from mature plants grown in damp and marshy places in the Eastern Mediterranean coastal region of Egypt (North Sinai). They induced 100% of yellowish white friable callus on all tested Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), either individually or in combination with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or N6-furfuryladenine (Kinetin; KIN). MS medium supplemented with 9 μM 2,4-D and 2.3 μM KIN was the best medium for callus induction and proliferation from leaf segments of B. monnieri, it gave the maximum mean fresh weight of callus and percentage of increase in fresh weight after two subcultures, comparing to the other tested media. The effe...
Argan (Argania spinosa) is an endangered plant and one of the endemic agroforestry species of Mor... more Argan (Argania spinosa) is an endangered plant and one of the endemic agroforestry species of Morocco, which belongs to family of Sapotaceae. The plant contains α-tocopherol; the major vitamin E compound that is essential for medical purposes and human nutrition. Plant tissue culture has great advantages for potential production of bioactive plant metabolites. The objective of this study was the enhancement of α-tocopherol in vitro production in argan callus and suspension cultures using tyrosine as a precursor and titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles as elicitors. White friable callus was induced by culturing seedling leaves on full strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 5 μM β–naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). In suspension cultures, tyrosine (275.953 μM) led to the increase of α-tocopherol percentage to 0.0602% with about 2.17-fold increase after 10 days of culture, compared to the cont...
In vitro production of valuable secondary metabolites is the best suited alternative over traditi... more In vitro production of valuable secondary metabolites is the best suited alternative over traditional field cultivation and chemical synthesis, for mass production of natural pure chemicals more cheaply and rapidly, independently from climate change and negative biotic and abiotic influences on secondary metabolites production in naturally grown plants. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a major compound in Salvadorapersica L., is one of the naturally occurring isothiocyanates, and has antioxidant and anticancer properties. In this study, an in vitro method was developed for the production of BITC from callus cultures of S. persica, a rare medicinal plant in Egypt. Two types of explants; leaf and stem sections were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) independently or in combination with kinetin (Kn), for callus induction and mentainance. MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l 2,4-D gave the maximum...
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