A voluntary phase-out of the manufacture of dicofol, the principal miticide used for chemical con... more A voluntary phase-out of the manufacture of dicofol, the principal miticide used for chemical control of pecan leaf scorch mite, Eotetranychus hicoriae McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae), and the recent discovery and evaluation of western predatory mite, Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt), as a biological control of pecan leaf scorch mite have led to the registration of the selective miticide, bifenazate, as a possible replacement for dicofol for control of pecan leaf scorch mites in pecan orchards in the US. The impact of bifenazate on the pecan leaf scorch mite and phytoseiid predatory mites was studied in field trials conducted from 2003–2006. Bifenazate was an effective miticide and had the additional benefit over dicofol of conserving phytoseiid mites. The lowest effective concentration as a foliar spray application was 0.3 g actual bifenazate/l water. The effective residual activity of bifenazate at 0.3 g active ingredient/I applied at 1400 l/ha was 2–6 wks depending on the year ...
US banana producers are looking for the organic banana market in the southeastern US including Fl... more US banana producers are looking for the organic banana market in the southeastern US including Florida and the coastal region of Georgia (Schupska, 2008). In December of 2020, a 6-hand bunched banana (cv. Pisang Awak, belongs to tetraploid AABB genome) with nearly 50% infection (with 15-20% disease severity, <1% of the total harvest) was received from the UGA Banana Research Plot, Tifton, GA with typical stem end rot symptoms of softened and water-soaked flesh. To identify the pathogen, the infected tissues were separated with a sterilized blade, surface disinfested with 10% bleach solution for 1 min, and subsequently washed in three changes of sterile distilled water. The sterilized tissues were aseptically placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and incubated at 25°C in the dark for 5–10 days. Two isolates of the pathogen with similar colony morphology were obtained and initially identified morphologically using a Botryosphaeriaceae taxonomic key (Phillips et al., 2013). Th...
Abstract: This publication is a joint effort of the seven disciplines that comprise the Georgia V... more Abstract: This publication is a joint effort of the seven disciplines that comprise the Georgia Vegetable Team. It is comprised of 14 topics on tomato, including history of tomato production, cultural practices, pest management, harvesting, handling and marketing. This ...
Producing greenhouse-grown containerized transplants is an increasingly popular way to establish ... more Producing greenhouse-grown containerized transplants is an increasingly popular way to establish vegetable crops. Compared to field-grown transplants, greenhouse transplants have several advantages. They can be produced earlier and more uniformly than field-...
In 2005, a United Nations study reported that half of the world's languages (estimated at 6,0... more In 2005, a United Nations study reported that half of the world's languages (estimated at 6,000) would disappear by the end of this century. A third of these endangered languages are in Africa where, according to the same study, nearly 250 languages have disappeared in the last century. Language is the heart, identity, storage system for the collective and unique memory and experience of every culture, people, including their natural habitat. Loss of language means loss of the ability to retain and pass on not just a belief system but also invaluable knowledge to future generations. This English-Lekongho/Lekongho-English Dictionary is a modest first attempt to minimize the envisaged sad phenomenon of language loss. Nkongho-Mbo people speak Lekongho, one of the five variants of the Mbo language of the Mbo ethnic group of Cameroon, with their ancestral home in the Kupe Muanenguba Administrative Area of the South-west Region. With this book, the authors' fervent hope is that there will no longer surface any justification to continue to refrain from speaking Lekongho on a daily basis. This effort will help to regionalize, nationalize and internationalize the Lekongho language since Nkongho people are spread all over the country, Africa and the world.
Blueberries are among the most commonly grown small fruits in the United States (Kuepper and Dive... more Blueberries are among the most commonly grown small fruits in the United States (Kuepper and Diver 2004). Rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium virgatum), which are native to the southeastern United States, are currently being researched for organic production in Georgia. This species is heat-and drought-tolerant, and unlike other blueberry species can grow in many soil types while maintaining satisfactory yields with low pest damage (Austin 1994). Blueberries have a preference for acidic soils with a pH ranging from 4.0–5.3. As increasing numbers of producers and acreage of farmland make the transition into blueberry cultivation, blueberries are becoming more economically important each year, prompting a need for intensifi ed research on production methods. Production of blueberries in Georgia has increased almost exponentially since the mid-1970s (Scherm and Krewer 2003) to reach a statewide farm-gate value of $75 million from 10,278 bearing acres in 2006 (Boatright and McKissick 2007)...
Recent trend depicts that tomatoes and tomatoes products rank 2nd most important vegetable crop i... more Recent trend depicts that tomatoes and tomatoes products rank 2nd most important vegetable crop in the United States after potatoes and potatoes products contributing 20 percent of total vegetable production. More-so, tomato is equally ranked 2nd in the United States in terms of production value, generating $1.3 billion after head lettuce that contributed $1.4 billion in the same time period. In 2006, 422,000 acres of tomatoes were planted in the United States. Tomato is equally an important economic crop in the state of Georgia. In 2008, it ranked 14th in the Georgia vegetable acreage as 3,985 acres were planted. It also ranked 6th in terms of farm gate value in the same time period generating $51.2 million. Thrips-vectored tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a serious disease capable of causing damages to the plant, fruits, quality and reducing yields drastically. Managing TSWV can be complex. For instance, metalized UV-mulch may significantly reduce TSWV, but delay tomato maturit...
Prevalence of local foods is believed to answer several food issues one of which is health and nu... more Prevalence of local foods is believed to answer several food issues one of which is health and nutrition. This study focused on the on the availability of local foods to consumers and see its relationship with two specific diet-related diseases namely, obesity and diabetes. Other variables were included in the analysis to provide additional evidence to previous findings. Factors considered are divided into 5 groups namely diet-, local food-, environment-, education- and gender-related factors. Diet- and environment-related variables provide the most perceptive findings while local food variables provided significant however weak evidence of positive impacts to health and nutrition.
Introduction Signatory nations of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete The Ozone Laye... more Introduction Signatory nations of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete The Ozone Layer recommended an accelerated phase-out program for Me Br. This compound was identified as a contributor to ozone depletion. This accelerated phaseout program has ...
Diseases caused by tospoviruses have become a major threat to a broad range of agricultural and h... more Diseases caused by tospoviruses have become a major threat to a broad range of agricultural and horticultural crops. To date, seventeen different tospoviruses have been characterised and twelve thrips species have been identified as vectors of these viruses. Management of diseases caused by tospoviruses has become a challenge for sustainable production of vegetables in smallholder farming systems of South and Southeast Asia due to the broad host range of thrips and tospoviruses, overlapping cropping practices, ...
A long-horned beetle, Sybra alternans Wiedemann (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera), was found in a Hawaii... more A long-horned beetle, Sybra alternans Wiedemann (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera), was found in a Hawaii banana farm feeding on Williams hybrid banana fruits on the dried blossom end. The infestation was surveyed and evaluated. This beetle was first reported in the Hawaiian Islands in 1917. Its host range was described by many authors; however, banana has not been reported as a host. This is the first report of this beetle species infesting banana. The significance of this finding is discussed. A broader and periodical inspection of this beetle on banana farms is suggested.
Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) are a major pest of tomato primarily in the subtropical regions ... more Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) are a major pest of tomato primarily in the subtropical regions of the world, because of their ability to transmit tospoviruses to the crop. Thrips may also cause relatively minor direct cosmetic damage to tomato fruit in addition to the more severe damage caused by virus transmission. Tospoviruses, in the virus genus Tospovirus and family Bunyaviridae, are reported to be transmitted only by thrips in the family Thripidae and subfamily Thripinae. The main tospoviruses in tomato in the United States are tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and, to a lesser extent, tomato chlorotic spot virus , impatiens necrotic spot virus , and groundnut ringspot virus . Therefore, TSWV will be the focus of this discussion. The tomato spotted wilt (TSW) disease in this chapter refers to thrips-transmitted virus symptoms consistent with TSWV infection in tomato, but does not specify the exact Tospovirus . The main thrips vector species of TSWV in the United States are Fra...
With the goal of looking for the best fumigant substitute not only effective to production yield ... more With the goal of looking for the best fumigant substitute not only effective to production yield but more importantly to profitability and its excellent corresponding mulching option, this study used the complete factorial treatment analysis approach. Seven fumigant options and four mulching alternatives were included in the study and results showed that 1,3-dichloropropene plus chloropicrin and metam sodium (TELPICVAP) and smooth low density black on black polyethylene mulch (METAL) are the most profitable fumigant and mulch option.
Demand for organic food has increased tremendously over the last decade in the United States. In ... more Demand for organic food has increased tremendously over the last decade in the United States. In the Southeast, high demand for organic food has sparked interest in organic production techniques among conventional vegetable growers and put increasing demand on existing organic growers. However, little information is available on profitable organic vegetable crops suitable for the region. This study analyzes crop rotation systems for high-value, cool-season vegetables to develop production and economic models to help growers increase profit and reduce risk.
A voluntary phase-out of the manufacture of dicofol, the principal miticide used for chemical con... more A voluntary phase-out of the manufacture of dicofol, the principal miticide used for chemical control of pecan leaf scorch mite, Eotetranychus hicoriae McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae), and the recent discovery and evaluation of western predatory mite, Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt), as a biological control of pecan leaf scorch mite have led to the registration of the selective miticide, bifenazate, as a possible replacement for dicofol for control of pecan leaf scorch mites in pecan orchards in the US. The impact of bifenazate on the pecan leaf scorch mite and phytoseiid predatory mites was studied in field trials conducted from 2003–2006. Bifenazate was an effective miticide and had the additional benefit over dicofol of conserving phytoseiid mites. The lowest effective concentration as a foliar spray application was 0.3 g actual bifenazate/l water. The effective residual activity of bifenazate at 0.3 g active ingredient/I applied at 1400 l/ha was 2–6 wks depending on the year ...
US banana producers are looking for the organic banana market in the southeastern US including Fl... more US banana producers are looking for the organic banana market in the southeastern US including Florida and the coastal region of Georgia (Schupska, 2008). In December of 2020, a 6-hand bunched banana (cv. Pisang Awak, belongs to tetraploid AABB genome) with nearly 50% infection (with 15-20% disease severity, <1% of the total harvest) was received from the UGA Banana Research Plot, Tifton, GA with typical stem end rot symptoms of softened and water-soaked flesh. To identify the pathogen, the infected tissues were separated with a sterilized blade, surface disinfested with 10% bleach solution for 1 min, and subsequently washed in three changes of sterile distilled water. The sterilized tissues were aseptically placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and incubated at 25°C in the dark for 5–10 days. Two isolates of the pathogen with similar colony morphology were obtained and initially identified morphologically using a Botryosphaeriaceae taxonomic key (Phillips et al., 2013). Th...
Abstract: This publication is a joint effort of the seven disciplines that comprise the Georgia V... more Abstract: This publication is a joint effort of the seven disciplines that comprise the Georgia Vegetable Team. It is comprised of 14 topics on tomato, including history of tomato production, cultural practices, pest management, harvesting, handling and marketing. This ...
Producing greenhouse-grown containerized transplants is an increasingly popular way to establish ... more Producing greenhouse-grown containerized transplants is an increasingly popular way to establish vegetable crops. Compared to field-grown transplants, greenhouse transplants have several advantages. They can be produced earlier and more uniformly than field-...
In 2005, a United Nations study reported that half of the world's languages (estimated at 6,0... more In 2005, a United Nations study reported that half of the world's languages (estimated at 6,000) would disappear by the end of this century. A third of these endangered languages are in Africa where, according to the same study, nearly 250 languages have disappeared in the last century. Language is the heart, identity, storage system for the collective and unique memory and experience of every culture, people, including their natural habitat. Loss of language means loss of the ability to retain and pass on not just a belief system but also invaluable knowledge to future generations. This English-Lekongho/Lekongho-English Dictionary is a modest first attempt to minimize the envisaged sad phenomenon of language loss. Nkongho-Mbo people speak Lekongho, one of the five variants of the Mbo language of the Mbo ethnic group of Cameroon, with their ancestral home in the Kupe Muanenguba Administrative Area of the South-west Region. With this book, the authors' fervent hope is that there will no longer surface any justification to continue to refrain from speaking Lekongho on a daily basis. This effort will help to regionalize, nationalize and internationalize the Lekongho language since Nkongho people are spread all over the country, Africa and the world.
Blueberries are among the most commonly grown small fruits in the United States (Kuepper and Dive... more Blueberries are among the most commonly grown small fruits in the United States (Kuepper and Diver 2004). Rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium virgatum), which are native to the southeastern United States, are currently being researched for organic production in Georgia. This species is heat-and drought-tolerant, and unlike other blueberry species can grow in many soil types while maintaining satisfactory yields with low pest damage (Austin 1994). Blueberries have a preference for acidic soils with a pH ranging from 4.0–5.3. As increasing numbers of producers and acreage of farmland make the transition into blueberry cultivation, blueberries are becoming more economically important each year, prompting a need for intensifi ed research on production methods. Production of blueberries in Georgia has increased almost exponentially since the mid-1970s (Scherm and Krewer 2003) to reach a statewide farm-gate value of $75 million from 10,278 bearing acres in 2006 (Boatright and McKissick 2007)...
Recent trend depicts that tomatoes and tomatoes products rank 2nd most important vegetable crop i... more Recent trend depicts that tomatoes and tomatoes products rank 2nd most important vegetable crop in the United States after potatoes and potatoes products contributing 20 percent of total vegetable production. More-so, tomato is equally ranked 2nd in the United States in terms of production value, generating $1.3 billion after head lettuce that contributed $1.4 billion in the same time period. In 2006, 422,000 acres of tomatoes were planted in the United States. Tomato is equally an important economic crop in the state of Georgia. In 2008, it ranked 14th in the Georgia vegetable acreage as 3,985 acres were planted. It also ranked 6th in terms of farm gate value in the same time period generating $51.2 million. Thrips-vectored tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a serious disease capable of causing damages to the plant, fruits, quality and reducing yields drastically. Managing TSWV can be complex. For instance, metalized UV-mulch may significantly reduce TSWV, but delay tomato maturit...
Prevalence of local foods is believed to answer several food issues one of which is health and nu... more Prevalence of local foods is believed to answer several food issues one of which is health and nutrition. This study focused on the on the availability of local foods to consumers and see its relationship with two specific diet-related diseases namely, obesity and diabetes. Other variables were included in the analysis to provide additional evidence to previous findings. Factors considered are divided into 5 groups namely diet-, local food-, environment-, education- and gender-related factors. Diet- and environment-related variables provide the most perceptive findings while local food variables provided significant however weak evidence of positive impacts to health and nutrition.
Introduction Signatory nations of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete The Ozone Laye... more Introduction Signatory nations of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete The Ozone Layer recommended an accelerated phase-out program for Me Br. This compound was identified as a contributor to ozone depletion. This accelerated phaseout program has ...
Diseases caused by tospoviruses have become a major threat to a broad range of agricultural and h... more Diseases caused by tospoviruses have become a major threat to a broad range of agricultural and horticultural crops. To date, seventeen different tospoviruses have been characterised and twelve thrips species have been identified as vectors of these viruses. Management of diseases caused by tospoviruses has become a challenge for sustainable production of vegetables in smallholder farming systems of South and Southeast Asia due to the broad host range of thrips and tospoviruses, overlapping cropping practices, ...
A long-horned beetle, Sybra alternans Wiedemann (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera), was found in a Hawaii... more A long-horned beetle, Sybra alternans Wiedemann (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera), was found in a Hawaii banana farm feeding on Williams hybrid banana fruits on the dried blossom end. The infestation was surveyed and evaluated. This beetle was first reported in the Hawaiian Islands in 1917. Its host range was described by many authors; however, banana has not been reported as a host. This is the first report of this beetle species infesting banana. The significance of this finding is discussed. A broader and periodical inspection of this beetle on banana farms is suggested.
Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) are a major pest of tomato primarily in the subtropical regions ... more Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) are a major pest of tomato primarily in the subtropical regions of the world, because of their ability to transmit tospoviruses to the crop. Thrips may also cause relatively minor direct cosmetic damage to tomato fruit in addition to the more severe damage caused by virus transmission. Tospoviruses, in the virus genus Tospovirus and family Bunyaviridae, are reported to be transmitted only by thrips in the family Thripidae and subfamily Thripinae. The main tospoviruses in tomato in the United States are tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and, to a lesser extent, tomato chlorotic spot virus , impatiens necrotic spot virus , and groundnut ringspot virus . Therefore, TSWV will be the focus of this discussion. The tomato spotted wilt (TSW) disease in this chapter refers to thrips-transmitted virus symptoms consistent with TSWV infection in tomato, but does not specify the exact Tospovirus . The main thrips vector species of TSWV in the United States are Fra...
With the goal of looking for the best fumigant substitute not only effective to production yield ... more With the goal of looking for the best fumigant substitute not only effective to production yield but more importantly to profitability and its excellent corresponding mulching option, this study used the complete factorial treatment analysis approach. Seven fumigant options and four mulching alternatives were included in the study and results showed that 1,3-dichloropropene plus chloropicrin and metam sodium (TELPICVAP) and smooth low density black on black polyethylene mulch (METAL) are the most profitable fumigant and mulch option.
Demand for organic food has increased tremendously over the last decade in the United States. In ... more Demand for organic food has increased tremendously over the last decade in the United States. In the Southeast, high demand for organic food has sparked interest in organic production techniques among conventional vegetable growers and put increasing demand on existing organic growers. However, little information is available on profitable organic vegetable crops suitable for the region. This study analyzes crop rotation systems for high-value, cool-season vegetables to develop production and economic models to help growers increase profit and reduce risk.
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