The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory measured and analyzed energy end-use patterns in a bank... more The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory measured and analyzed energy end-use patterns in a bank building located in Pennsylvania. This work was performed in collaboration with PNC Financial Service Group under the US DOE’s Commercial Building Partnerships Program. This paper presents the metering study and the results of the metered data analysis. It provides a benchmark for the energy use of bank-related equipment. The paper also reveals the importance of metering in understanding building loads. Measurements in this one prototype building helped to identify opportunities for energy efficiency improvements across PNC’s portfolio of bank branches. The metering study was crucial to understanding and reducing plug load in the design of a net-zero bank branch. Finally, the study proved the value of calibrating models with measured data. PNNL worked with PNC to meter a 4,000 ft 2 bank branch. A total of 71 electrical circuits were monitored and 25 stand-alone watt-hour meters were ins...
Over the past ten years, improvements in low-cost interval metering and communication technology ... more Over the past ten years, improvements in low-cost interval metering and communication technology have enabled load disaggregation through non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) technologies, which estimate and report energy consumption of individual end-use loads. Given the appropriate performance characteristics, these technologies have the potential to enable many utility and customer facing applications. However, there has been skepticism concerning the ability of load disaggregation products to accurately identify and estimate energy consumption of end-uses; which has hindered wide-spread market adoption. A contributing factor is that common test methods and metrics are unavailable to evaluate performance without conducting large-scale field demonstrations and pilots, which can be costly. Without common and costeffective methods of evaluation, advanced NILM technologies will continue to be slow to market and potential users will remain uncertain about their capabilities. This pape...
A new generation of heat pump water heaters (HPWH) has been introduced into the U.S. market that ... more A new generation of heat pump water heaters (HPWH) has been introduced into the U.S. market that promises to provide significant energy savings for water heating. Many electric utilities are promoting their widespread adoption as a key technology for meeting energy conservation goals and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. There is, however, considerable uncertainty regarding the space conditioning impact of an HPWH installed in a conditioned space. There is also uncertainty regarding the potential for deployment of HPWHs in demand response (DR) programs to help manage and balance peak utility loads in a similar manner as conventional electric resistance water heaters (ERWH). To help answer these uncertainties, controlled experiments have been undertaken over 30 months in a matched pair of unoccupied Lab Homes located on the campus of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, Washington.
Heat pump water heaters (HPWH) are a promising technology for substantially reducing water heatin... more Heat pump water heaters (HPWH) are a promising technology for substantially reducing water heating-related energy use in the residential sector. However, concerns have been raised regarding the impact of HPWHs on space conditioning energy when installed in conditioned space, primarily in northern climates. For example, the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (NEEA’s) Northern Climate HPWH Specification, which describes the characteristics a HPWH must have to be incentivized in cold climates in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), requires exhaust ducting for their Tier II-specified products and both supply and exhaust ducting for the Tier III-specified product (NEEA 2013). However, these concerns and installation recommendations are based on modeling and comparative field data are not available to verify modeled performance. This study examines the overall performance and operation of two GE GeoSpring HPWHs in conditioned space in the matched pair of PNNL Lab Homes with no ducting, exhaust...
The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory measured and analyzed energy end-use patterns in a bank... more The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory measured and analyzed energy end-use patterns in a bank building located in Pennsylvania. This work was performed in collaboration with PNC Financial Service Group under the US DOE’s Commercial Building Partnerships Program. This paper presents the metering study and the results of the metered data analysis. It provides a benchmark for the energy use of bank-related equipment. The paper also reveals the importance of metering in understanding building loads. Measurements in this one prototype building helped to identify opportunities for energy efficiency improvements across PNC’s portfolio of bank branches. The metering study was crucial to understanding and reducing plug load in the design of a net-zero bank branch. Finally, the study proved the value of calibrating models with measured data. PNNL worked with PNC to meter a 4,000 ft 2 bank branch. A total of 71 electrical circuits were monitored and 25 stand-alone watt-hour meters were ins...
Over the past ten years, improvements in low-cost interval metering and communication technology ... more Over the past ten years, improvements in low-cost interval metering and communication technology have enabled load disaggregation through non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) technologies, which estimate and report energy consumption of individual end-use loads. Given the appropriate performance characteristics, these technologies have the potential to enable many utility and customer facing applications. However, there has been skepticism concerning the ability of load disaggregation products to accurately identify and estimate energy consumption of end-uses; which has hindered wide-spread market adoption. A contributing factor is that common test methods and metrics are unavailable to evaluate performance without conducting large-scale field demonstrations and pilots, which can be costly. Without common and costeffective methods of evaluation, advanced NILM technologies will continue to be slow to market and potential users will remain uncertain about their capabilities. This pape...
A new generation of heat pump water heaters (HPWH) has been introduced into the U.S. market that ... more A new generation of heat pump water heaters (HPWH) has been introduced into the U.S. market that promises to provide significant energy savings for water heating. Many electric utilities are promoting their widespread adoption as a key technology for meeting energy conservation goals and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. There is, however, considerable uncertainty regarding the space conditioning impact of an HPWH installed in a conditioned space. There is also uncertainty regarding the potential for deployment of HPWHs in demand response (DR) programs to help manage and balance peak utility loads in a similar manner as conventional electric resistance water heaters (ERWH). To help answer these uncertainties, controlled experiments have been undertaken over 30 months in a matched pair of unoccupied Lab Homes located on the campus of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, Washington.
Heat pump water heaters (HPWH) are a promising technology for substantially reducing water heatin... more Heat pump water heaters (HPWH) are a promising technology for substantially reducing water heating-related energy use in the residential sector. However, concerns have been raised regarding the impact of HPWHs on space conditioning energy when installed in conditioned space, primarily in northern climates. For example, the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (NEEA’s) Northern Climate HPWH Specification, which describes the characteristics a HPWH must have to be incentivized in cold climates in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), requires exhaust ducting for their Tier II-specified products and both supply and exhaust ducting for the Tier III-specified product (NEEA 2013). However, these concerns and installation recommendations are based on modeling and comparative field data are not available to verify modeled performance. This study examines the overall performance and operation of two GE GeoSpring HPWHs in conditioned space in the matched pair of PNNL Lab Homes with no ducting, exhaust...
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Papers by Greg Sullivan