Jamur endofit berpotensi ekonomi penting di masa depan sebagai sumber bahan baku obat, antibiotik... more Jamur endofit berpotensi ekonomi penting di masa depan sebagai sumber bahan baku obat, antibiotika, enzime, insektisida dan hormon pertumbuha n tanaman (Pimentel et a/., 2010, Strobel and Daisy, 2003). Cladosporium oxysporum yang diisolasi dari Aglaia odorata Lour pada penelitian awal ekstrak etil asetatnya menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli dan Candida albicans. Mendesaknya kebutuhan memperoleh senyawa antimikroba baru untuk mengatasi resistensi kuman patogen berbagai penyakit infeksi khususnya yang berkembang di daerah tropis dan adanya jamur endofit yang mampu menghasilkan metabolit berkhasiat antimikroba maka penelitian mendapatkan senyawa anti mikroba baru dari endofit Cladosporium oxysporum perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian tahun pertama mendapatkan fraksi aktif dari ekstrak etil asetat Cladosporium oxysporum yang berkkhasiat antimikroba dan untuk tahun ke-dua mendapatkan struktur kimia senyawa aktif tersebut melalui pemurnian dan elusidasi stuktur. Tujuan jangka panjangnya memperoleh temuan antimikroba baru yang poten berkhasiat dan aman sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku obat dan dipatenkan. Endofit dikultivasi in-vitro, metabolitnya diekstraksi dan difraksinasi. Fraksifraksi diuji aktivitas antimikrobanya. Fraksi aktif dipisahkan dan dimurnikan hingga diperoleh senyawa tunggal. Isolat metabolit dilakukan karakterisasi dan elusidasi struktur menggunakan spektroskopi NMR dan MS. Prospek ekonomi penelitian ini diharapkan diperoleh metabolit sekunder yang berkhasiat antimikroba dan metode produksinya dari jamur endofit yang dapat dipatenkan.
Bahan baKu obat diperoleh dengan jalan isolasi dari bahan alam dan melalui sintesis baiK secara K... more Bahan baKu obat diperoleh dengan jalan isolasi dari bahan alam dan melalui sintesis baiK secara K~mia maupun biotransformasi oleh miKroba Ahanowitz & Cohen, 1981 ). MiKroba termasuK jamur. mampu melaKUKan transformasi senyawa-senyawa organiK melalui reaKs~ enzymatis yang sederhana. Kemampuan biotransformasi tersebut mempunyai arti penting oleh Karena Kadang-Kadang secara sintesls Kimia hal tersebut sulit dilaKuKan.
Steroida mempunyai struktur dasar siklopentanoperhidro phemantren secara alami memiliki khasiat s... more Steroida mempunyai struktur dasar siklopentanoperhidro phemantren secara alami memiliki khasiat sebagai honnon banyak digunakan untuk kepentingan medik. Akhir-akhil" ini terjadi kecenderungan menellti reaksi pemutusan rantai samping sterol un tuk Inf;lndapa ck~'11 bahan baku antara (intet'nlediate) sepel-t i androsta 4 ell 3,17 dion (AD) dan androsta 1,4 dien 3.17 dion (ADD). Senyawd ters~but dipakai sebagal bahan dasar dalam sintesis kartikosteroid. hormon estrogen dan androgen (Charney. 1985) .
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, May 1, 2022
There are countless scientific publications on herbal drugs, but unfortunately many of them do no... more There are countless scientific publications on herbal drugs, but unfortunately many of them do not correctly report their chemical, biological and pharmacological aspects, including the composition and stability of the herbal/extract preparations, therefore their safety, efficacy and consistency could not be proven. For developing a modern drug from herbal drug(s), complete chemical and pharmacological characterizations of their bioactive metabolites need to be well established. Reproducible results require the development, assessment, and standardization of the chemical, biological and pharmacological methods based on the current state of the art. Therefore, all methods used in research must be properly validated before its routine applications. This present review will describe and discuss the important aspects of method validation (chemical, biological and pharmacological) in herbal drug research according to the newest current Pharmacopeia, official Guidelines and related recent publications.
Mango turmeric (Curcuma mangga Val.) contains many bioactive compounds that are used for traditio... more Mango turmeric (Curcuma mangga Val.) contains many bioactive compounds that are used for traditional treatment of various health problems and ailments. Slow propagation nature of C. mangga have resulted in short supply to meet the market demand. The longitudinally incised half shoot explants promote 100 % increased of shoot number compared with non-incised shoots with the formation of average 6.6 shoots/explant when they were cultured either vertically or horizontally on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg l-1 BA and 0.5 mg l-1 NAA. Biotic elicitation with 3.5 mg l-1 or 5.0 mg l-1 yeast extract or combination of 150 mg l-1 chitosan and 3.5 mg l-1 yeast extract did not promote shoot proliferation but exhibited anti-lipid peroxidation activity slightly lower than quercetin, a potent plant antioxidant flavonoid and butyl hydroxyl toluene (BHT), a commercial preservative agent which is used as a positive control. While absolute ethanol which served as a negative control did not show any ...
Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology, 2021
This present review described the validation method of in-vitro bioassay for its application in h... more This present review described the validation method of in-vitro bioassay for its application in herbal drug research. Seven sequencing steps that can be taken for performing a valid bioassay include: literature survey, sample stability evaluation, Biosystem performance testing, Sample performance evaluation, determination of 50% effective concentration or cytotoxic concentrations, selective index evaluation, and determination of accurate relative potency of sample. Detailed methods and acceptance criteria for each step are described herein. Method calculations of the relative potency of sample using European Pharmacopeia 10.0, 5.3 (2020) were recommended instead of using United States Pharmacopeia 42 (2019). For having reliable data and conclusions, all methods (chemical and bioassay) need to be first validated before any data collection. Absence of any validation method may results in incorrect conclusions and bias.
Costus speciosus (Koenig) J.E. Smith (Cs; syn. Costus loureiri Horan.; Amomum arboreum Lour.; Ban... more Costus speciosus (Koenig) J.E. Smith (Cs; syn. Costus loureiri Horan.; Amomum arboreum Lour.; Banksia speciosa Koenig) is a herbaceous plant of the Zingiberaceae family, growing throughout South and Southeast Asia (Inoue et al. 1995; Wijayakusuma 1992). This plant has been used for various medicinal purposes in that region. Koenig described that Cs cultivated in Malaya (in 1778) was used for medicinal purposes (cited by Burkill 1966). The plant has various local names, e.g.: Pacing (Java); Tabar-tabar (Sumatra); Lingkuas (Celebes); Setawar (Malay); Zhiang liu tou (China); Mia do (Vietnam); Co trong bon (Thailand) and Spiral ginger (English) (de Padua et al. 1981; WHO 1990; Wijayakusuma 1992).
Jamur endofit berpotensi ekonomi penting di masa depan sebagai sumber bahan baku obat, antibiotik... more Jamur endofit berpotensi ekonomi penting di masa depan sebagai sumber bahan baku obat, antibiotika, enzime, insektisida dan hormon pertumbuha n tanaman (Pimentel et a/., 2010, Strobel and Daisy, 2003). Cladosporium oxysporum yang diisolasi dari Aglaia odorata Lour pada penelitian awal ekstrak etil asetatnya menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli dan Candida albicans. Mendesaknya kebutuhan memperoleh senyawa antimikroba baru untuk mengatasi resistensi kuman patogen berbagai penyakit infeksi khususnya yang berkembang di daerah tropis dan adanya jamur endofit yang mampu menghasilkan metabolit berkhasiat antimikroba maka penelitian mendapatkan senyawa anti mikroba baru dari endofit Cladosporium oxysporum perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian tahun pertama mendapatkan fraksi aktif dari ekstrak etil asetat Cladosporium oxysporum yang berkkhasiat antimikroba dan untuk tahun ke-dua mendapatkan struktur kimia senyawa aktif tersebut melalui pemurnian dan elusidasi stuktur. Tujuan jangka panjangnya memperoleh temuan antimikroba baru yang poten berkhasiat dan aman sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku obat dan dipatenkan. Endofit dikultivasi in-vitro, metabolitnya diekstraksi dan difraksinasi. Fraksifraksi diuji aktivitas antimikrobanya. Fraksi aktif dipisahkan dan dimurnikan hingga diperoleh senyawa tunggal. Isolat metabolit dilakukan karakterisasi dan elusidasi struktur menggunakan spektroskopi NMR dan MS. Prospek ekonomi penelitian ini diharapkan diperoleh metabolit sekunder yang berkhasiat antimikroba dan metode produksinya dari jamur endofit yang dapat dipatenkan.
Bahan baKu obat diperoleh dengan jalan isolasi dari bahan alam dan melalui sintesis baiK secara K... more Bahan baKu obat diperoleh dengan jalan isolasi dari bahan alam dan melalui sintesis baiK secara K~mia maupun biotransformasi oleh miKroba Ahanowitz & Cohen, 1981 ). MiKroba termasuK jamur. mampu melaKUKan transformasi senyawa-senyawa organiK melalui reaKs~ enzymatis yang sederhana. Kemampuan biotransformasi tersebut mempunyai arti penting oleh Karena Kadang-Kadang secara sintesls Kimia hal tersebut sulit dilaKuKan.
Steroida mempunyai struktur dasar siklopentanoperhidro phemantren secara alami memiliki khasiat s... more Steroida mempunyai struktur dasar siklopentanoperhidro phemantren secara alami memiliki khasiat sebagai honnon banyak digunakan untuk kepentingan medik. Akhir-akhil" ini terjadi kecenderungan menellti reaksi pemutusan rantai samping sterol un tuk Inf;lndapa ck~'11 bahan baku antara (intet'nlediate) sepel-t i androsta 4 ell 3,17 dion (AD) dan androsta 1,4 dien 3.17 dion (ADD). Senyawd ters~but dipakai sebagal bahan dasar dalam sintesis kartikosteroid. hormon estrogen dan androgen (Charney. 1985) .
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, May 1, 2022
There are countless scientific publications on herbal drugs, but unfortunately many of them do no... more There are countless scientific publications on herbal drugs, but unfortunately many of them do not correctly report their chemical, biological and pharmacological aspects, including the composition and stability of the herbal/extract preparations, therefore their safety, efficacy and consistency could not be proven. For developing a modern drug from herbal drug(s), complete chemical and pharmacological characterizations of their bioactive metabolites need to be well established. Reproducible results require the development, assessment, and standardization of the chemical, biological and pharmacological methods based on the current state of the art. Therefore, all methods used in research must be properly validated before its routine applications. This present review will describe and discuss the important aspects of method validation (chemical, biological and pharmacological) in herbal drug research according to the newest current Pharmacopeia, official Guidelines and related recent publications.
Mango turmeric (Curcuma mangga Val.) contains many bioactive compounds that are used for traditio... more Mango turmeric (Curcuma mangga Val.) contains many bioactive compounds that are used for traditional treatment of various health problems and ailments. Slow propagation nature of C. mangga have resulted in short supply to meet the market demand. The longitudinally incised half shoot explants promote 100 % increased of shoot number compared with non-incised shoots with the formation of average 6.6 shoots/explant when they were cultured either vertically or horizontally on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg l-1 BA and 0.5 mg l-1 NAA. Biotic elicitation with 3.5 mg l-1 or 5.0 mg l-1 yeast extract or combination of 150 mg l-1 chitosan and 3.5 mg l-1 yeast extract did not promote shoot proliferation but exhibited anti-lipid peroxidation activity slightly lower than quercetin, a potent plant antioxidant flavonoid and butyl hydroxyl toluene (BHT), a commercial preservative agent which is used as a positive control. While absolute ethanol which served as a negative control did not show any ...
Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology, 2021
This present review described the validation method of in-vitro bioassay for its application in h... more This present review described the validation method of in-vitro bioassay for its application in herbal drug research. Seven sequencing steps that can be taken for performing a valid bioassay include: literature survey, sample stability evaluation, Biosystem performance testing, Sample performance evaluation, determination of 50% effective concentration or cytotoxic concentrations, selective index evaluation, and determination of accurate relative potency of sample. Detailed methods and acceptance criteria for each step are described herein. Method calculations of the relative potency of sample using European Pharmacopeia 10.0, 5.3 (2020) were recommended instead of using United States Pharmacopeia 42 (2019). For having reliable data and conclusions, all methods (chemical and bioassay) need to be first validated before any data collection. Absence of any validation method may results in incorrect conclusions and bias.
Costus speciosus (Koenig) J.E. Smith (Cs; syn. Costus loureiri Horan.; Amomum arboreum Lour.; Ban... more Costus speciosus (Koenig) J.E. Smith (Cs; syn. Costus loureiri Horan.; Amomum arboreum Lour.; Banksia speciosa Koenig) is a herbaceous plant of the Zingiberaceae family, growing throughout South and Southeast Asia (Inoue et al. 1995; Wijayakusuma 1992). This plant has been used for various medicinal purposes in that region. Koenig described that Cs cultivated in Malaya (in 1778) was used for medicinal purposes (cited by Burkill 1966). The plant has various local names, e.g.: Pacing (Java); Tabar-tabar (Sumatra); Lingkuas (Celebes); Setawar (Malay); Zhiang liu tou (China); Mia do (Vietnam); Co trong bon (Thailand) and Spiral ginger (English) (de Padua et al. 1981; WHO 1990; Wijayakusuma 1992).
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