Background Paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) are a significant problem for the Tasmanian shellfish... more Background Paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) are a significant problem for the Tasmanian shellfish and Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus edwardsii) industries, and the introduction of a rapid screening test in the monitoring program could save time and money. Objective The aim was to perform a single-laboratory validation of the Neogen rapid test for PST in the hepatopancreas of Southern Rock Lobster. Methods The AOAC INTERNATIONAL guidelines for the validation of qualitative binary chemistry methods were followed. Three different PST profiles (mixtures) were used, of which two were commonly found in naturally contaminated lobster hepatopancreas (high in gonyautoxin 2&3 and saxitoxin), and the third toxin profile was observed in a few select animals (high in gonyautoxin 1&4). Results The Neogen test consistently returned negative results for non-target toxins (selectivity). The probability of detection (POD) of PST in the lobster hepatopancreas using the Neogen test increased with increasing PST concentrations. POD values of 1.0 were obtained at ≥0.57 mg STX-diHCl eq/kg in mixtures 1 and 2, and 0.95 and 1.0 for mixture 3 at 0.79 and 1.21 mg STX-diHCl eq/kg, respectively, with a fitted POD of 0.98 for 0.80 mg STX-diHCl eq/kg. The performance of the Neogen test when using four different production lots (ruggedness) showed no significant differences. Conclusions The results of the validation study were satisfactory and the Neogen test is being trialed within the Tasmanian PST monitoring program of Southern Rock Lobster. Highlights The Neogen rapid kit was successfully validated for the detection of PST in Southern Rock Lobster hepatopancreas.
Pinnatoxins are members of the toxic cyclic imine group and were first characterized over two dec... more Pinnatoxins are members of the toxic cyclic imine group and were first characterized over two decades ago. However, the dinoflagellate producer of pinnatoxins was not known until 2011 when cultured from sediment samples in New Zealand. The causative species, Vulcanodinium rugosum Nezan & Chomerat, was described in 2011 from a bloom sample from a Mediterranean lagoon. V. rugosum has now been recorded around the world including Australia, New Zealand, Japan, China, Hawaii and Europe. V. rugosum strains of various origins produce different pinnatoxins and also differ from each other in partial large subunit rDNA and internal transcribed spacer regions suggesting the existence of a species complex. This study sought to determine the status of this species by combining DNA sequence data, morphological characteristics, mating experiments and toxin profiles from strains originating from five geographical locations.
Some thirty Dinophysis species from Australian tropical and temperate, coastal and oceanic waters... more Some thirty Dinophysis species from Australian tropical and temperate, coastal and oceanic waters were examined by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy, and eight selected species were also studied by transmission electron microscopy. The dinoflagellate genus ...
Background Paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) are a significant problem for the Tasmanian shellfish... more Background Paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) are a significant problem for the Tasmanian shellfish and Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus edwardsii) industries, and the introduction of a rapid screening test in the monitoring program could save time and money. Objective The aim was to perform a single-laboratory validation of the Neogen rapid test for PST in the hepatopancreas of Southern Rock Lobster. Methods The AOAC INTERNATIONAL guidelines for the validation of qualitative binary chemistry methods were followed. Three different PST profiles (mixtures) were used, of which two were commonly found in naturally contaminated lobster hepatopancreas (high in gonyautoxin 2&3 and saxitoxin), and the third toxin profile was observed in a few select animals (high in gonyautoxin 1&4). Results The Neogen test consistently returned negative results for non-target toxins (selectivity). The probability of detection (POD) of PST in the lobster hepatopancreas using the Neogen test increased with increasing PST concentrations. POD values of 1.0 were obtained at ≥0.57 mg STX-diHCl eq/kg in mixtures 1 and 2, and 0.95 and 1.0 for mixture 3 at 0.79 and 1.21 mg STX-diHCl eq/kg, respectively, with a fitted POD of 0.98 for 0.80 mg STX-diHCl eq/kg. The performance of the Neogen test when using four different production lots (ruggedness) showed no significant differences. Conclusions The results of the validation study were satisfactory and the Neogen test is being trialed within the Tasmanian PST monitoring program of Southern Rock Lobster. Highlights The Neogen rapid kit was successfully validated for the detection of PST in Southern Rock Lobster hepatopancreas.
Pinnatoxins are members of the toxic cyclic imine group and were first characterized over two dec... more Pinnatoxins are members of the toxic cyclic imine group and were first characterized over two decades ago. However, the dinoflagellate producer of pinnatoxins was not known until 2011 when cultured from sediment samples in New Zealand. The causative species, Vulcanodinium rugosum Nezan & Chomerat, was described in 2011 from a bloom sample from a Mediterranean lagoon. V. rugosum has now been recorded around the world including Australia, New Zealand, Japan, China, Hawaii and Europe. V. rugosum strains of various origins produce different pinnatoxins and also differ from each other in partial large subunit rDNA and internal transcribed spacer regions suggesting the existence of a species complex. This study sought to determine the status of this species by combining DNA sequence data, morphological characteristics, mating experiments and toxin profiles from strains originating from five geographical locations.
Some thirty Dinophysis species from Australian tropical and temperate, coastal and oceanic waters... more Some thirty Dinophysis species from Australian tropical and temperate, coastal and oceanic waters were examined by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy, and eight selected species were also studied by transmission electron microscopy. The dinoflagellate genus ...
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Papers by Gustaaf Hallegraeff