International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2010
ABSTRACT Six genotypes of groundnut were germinated at 28 ± 2 0 C temperature in seed germinator ... more ABSTRACT Six genotypes of groundnut were germinated at 28 ± 2 0 C temperature in seed germinator and irrigated with sulphate and chloride dominant saline solution. Both type of salinity affected the normal growth of groundnut seedlings. Germination per cent, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of seedlings, vigour index, and relative water content (RWC) at 4 and 8 days after sowing (DAS) were recorded relatively higher in chloride dominated salinity compared to sulphate dominated salinity. It indicated that the sulphate dominant salinity was more detrimental to germination and seedling growth than chloride dominant salinity. Germination percentage was decreased significantly in all groundnut genotypes with increasing concentration of 0, 20, 40 and 80 m eq/L salts. Higher germination percentage was found in JL-24 in sulphate dominant salinity and GG-2 genotype in chloride dominant salinity. The higher root and shoot length were found in JL-24 and GG-2 genotypes while fresh and dry weight of seedlings were recorded higher in JL-24, GG-2 and GAUG-10 genotypes in response to salt stress. Jl-24 genotype exhibited superior in vigour index at 4 and 8 DAS. Among the genotypes tested, less reduction of RWC in GAUG-10 indicated greater tolerance capacity to both the salt stress. Thus, JL-24 was found relatively more salt tolerant genotype followed by GG-2 and GAUG-10 while GG-7, GG-13 and GG-20 were evaluated as salt susceptible genotypes against sulphate and chloride dominant salinity.
The heat tolerant (ICC-4958, GG-2) and susceptible (ICC-4567, GJG-5) chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.... more The heat tolerant (ICC-4958, GG-2) and susceptible (ICC-4567, GJG-5) chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes were studied for enzymes of sucrose metabolism and RUBISCO activity associated with reproductive collapse under the influence of salicylic acid (SA) during normal and late sowing. The RUBISCO (carbon fixing enzyme) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) decreased significantly in tender leaves (nearer to flower) and anthers due to heat stress leading to reduced sucrose content in late sowing as compared to normal sowing in susceptible genotypes. The pollen length (SEM) of flower was reduced in susceptible genotypes correlating less sucrose and higher invertase activity under heat stress. The activities of RUBISCO, SPS and sucrose content were enhanced (4.31 and 3.29 fold) in susceptible genotypes by SA2 (200 ppm) compared to tolerant (2.17 and 2.31 fold) in leaves under heat stress. The invertase activity remarkably decreased in tolerant genotypes compared to susceptible under the influence of SA in leaves and anthers during late sowing. The leaves sucrose content were enhanced 3.48 fold in tolerant compared to 1.55 fold in susceptible genotypes by SA2. The improvement in reproductive failure due to heat stress (late sowing) was observed better in susceptible genotypes compared to tolerant after SA applications (200 ppm) at flowering stage which elevated enzymes of sucrose metabolism and RUBISCO activity. However, these enzymes found to be higher in tolerant genotypes as pre-existing mechanisms to boost up growth of reproductive organ. The RUBISCO activity, sucrose content and enzymes for sucrose metabolism were found higher in leaves (first tender leaves near to flower) compared to the anthers except SPS which was found higher in anthers particularly in tolerant genotypes during heat stress signifying source to sink transportation of sucrose during flower development and fertilization influenced by SA.
Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) varieties, tolerant (EC-232684, EC 243375 and UC-198) and susceptible (GC... more Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) varieties, tolerant (EC-232684, EC 243375 and UC-198) and susceptible (GC-1, UC-209 and RZ-19) to Fusarium wilt caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. cumini, were grown in wilt-sick plots. Root, stem and leaf tissues collected at pre-...
Biocontrol agents - Trichoderma which in vitro inhibit the growth of fungal pathogen F. oxysporum... more Biocontrol agents - Trichoderma which in vitro inhibit the growth of fungal pathogen F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, were evaluated for their potential to produce various extra cellular enzymes at 8 days after inoculation (DAI). The highest extra cellular activities of cellulase and polygalacturonase (PG) were seen in the culture medium of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri compared to culture media of sole Trichoderma agents and antagonism treatments. Among the four biocontrol agents, T. viride showed highest in vitro per cent inhibition of growth of fungal pathogen F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri on PDA medium. This percent inhibition was positively correlated with extra cellular specific activities of peroxidase, protease, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase. The possible involvements of these enzymes in the antagonistic interaction between Trichoderma spp. and F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri is discussed. T. viride showed highest extra cellular production of pathogenesi...
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018
Custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) is one of the commercially grown fruit crop in India. It belon... more Custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) is one of the commercially grown fruit crop in India. It belongs to Annonaceae family and is a native of tropical region of West Indies (Porwal et al., 2011). Custard apple is popularly called with numerous vernacular names such as sugar apple, sitaphal, sweet sop and Sharifa in the Indian subcontinents (Ghawade et al., 2018). It is a crop of high nutritional value which harbours many important nutritional traits such as high amount of essential minerals (calcium, potassium and International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 10 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com
Chickpea genotypes (ten desi and eight kabuli), differing in their reaction to Fusarium wilt, wer... more Chickpea genotypes (ten desi and eight kabuli), differing in their reaction to Fusarium wilt, were grown in Fusarium infested soil and screened for wilt resistance and susceptibility. The root and leaf tissues of highly resistant (desi WR 315 and kabul KAK 2) and highly susceptible (desi JG 62 and kabul L 550) chickpea genotypes were collected during disease development stages under pathogen infestation and non-infestation conditions. They were analyzed for antioxidant enzyme activities and isozymes profiling. The specific activities of ROS scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and catalase (CAT) were found higher in the root and leaf tissues under compatible interactions (infection) compared with incompatible (non-infested or non-infected?) during disease development stages. The susceptible compatible interactions of desi and kabuli chickpea genotypes induced systemic antioxidant bursts (SOD...
Background: Nanoparticles have great potential in management of different diseases as they have b... more Background: Nanoparticles have great potential in management of different diseases as they have better antimicrobial properties and are stable under harsh process conditions. The use of nanoparticles as antifungal agents, have been considered as alternate, cost-effective and eco friendly management strategy for the control of phytopathogens. Green silver nanoparticles are stable and regarded safe to human beings. Silver in the green-nano form constituted an important class of materials that are involved in electrochemistry, magnetism, biology, environmental science. Methods: The potent Trichoderma interfusant (Fu21) derived by protoplast fusion of mycoparasitic T. virens NBAII Tvs12 and multistress (fungicides and abiotic stress) tolerant T. koningii MTCC796. The chitin-induced exometabolites harvested by culturing the diverse and stress tolerant Trichoderma fusant (Fu21) and utilized for synthesis of green silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). Green Ag-NPs characterized for size (PSA), shape (SEM), stability (ZETA) and purity (EDAX). Findings: A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results indicated the involvement of different functional groups of exometabolites in the synthesis of green Ag-NPs, which gave the specific signature spectra in electromagnetic spectrum. We investigated novel route and mechanism of mycelial degradation at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of green nanoformulation (20 µg Ag.ml-1) to restrain phytopathogen Sclerotium rolfsii. The antifungal action of green Ag-NPs on MIC at 3 DAI elevated the mycelial cell membrane leakages (sugars and proteins), lipid peroxidation, depressed the activity of respiratory chain dehydrogenases and destroyed the structure of S. rolfsii mycelia (SEM morphology) which cause phytopathogen to die eventually. Interpretation: The study developed green nano-product as a potential template for the design of novel antifungal agents to overcome the issue of infection in plant fungal diseases and broken up the food chain for fungicides toxicity to human beings. Overall, study achieved to (1) eliminate the use of human hazardious fungicides, (2) provide a sustainable use of nano-product, and (3) present a new business model fitting into the criteria of green and sustainable chemistry for better human health. Funding Statement: The authors state: "This research did not receive any specific funding." Declaration of Interests: Authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: The authors declare: "Not applicable."
Genetic variation between 20 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes (16 genotypes and 4 lo... more Genetic variation between 20 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes (16 genotypes and 4 local cultivars) were evaluated using microsatellite simple sequence repeats (SSR) molecular markers. Out of 25, seven SSR marker pairs generated total 67 alleles of which 55 were polymorphic. The SSR fingerprinting detected 81.57% average polymorphic loci. The polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.756 to 0.909 with an average of 0.849 per primer. The dendrogram constructed using SSR data showed Jaccard similarity values ranged from 0.395 to 0.822. In clustering pattern, genotypes JIB12 out grouped from rest of the population and shared minimum 47% similarity. The estimated parameters computed within the two populations (genotypes and local cultivars) indicated that the Nei’s genetic diversity (H) was 0.5639, and the Shannon’s information index (I) was 0.9794 with standard deviation ± 0.0418 and ± 0.0675, respectively. The results revealed that genetic diversity within popul...
Three types of groundnut butters (GBs) from two cultivars (GG13 and GG20) were prepared by grindi... more Three types of groundnut butters (GBs) from two cultivars (GG13 and GG20) were prepared by grinding the shelled and roasted groundnut to which safe and suitable stabilizing ingredients were added. Total protein and fat contents were found higher in GBs than their respective kernels. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) like myristic, palmitic and stearic acids were found significantly higher (P < 0.01) in hydrogenated fat than GBs. GB prepared by using two cultivars - GG13 and GG20 in the ratio of 2:1 (GB-3) had higher oleic acid (48.8%) and linoleic acid (31.2%), essential fatty acid (EFA), poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with highest nutritional quality index (1.77) and optimal oil stability index (1.56). This GB had better fatty acid composition and balanced oil quality compared to GBs prepared from individual cultivars GG13 and GG20 as well as hydrogenated fat. MUFA and PUFA were found higher in GBs than hydrogenated fat. So, it is desirable to make various fortified food products...
Twenty mango cultivars (Mangifera indica Linn) collected from Gir region of Saurashtra were exami... more Twenty mango cultivars (Mangifera indica Linn) collected from Gir region of Saurashtra were examined by ISSR markers. Of the 50 primers screened, 21 primers gave reproducible, polymorphic DNA amplification patterns, and were selected to construct a DNA fingerprinting map to distinguish the genotypes of mango. According to the banding patterns obtained with 21 selected primers, all cultivars tested in this study except Jamadar and Kesar were distinguished from each other and showed ample genetic diversity, indicating that ISSR-PCR was an effective method for cultivar identification of mangoes. Based on 125 selected bands, all Gir mango landraces tested were clustered into a three big groups with ‛Kaju’ and ‛Khodi’ in first group, Dudh Pendo, Sopari, Jamadar, Kesar and Ashadhiya in second group, while the third cluster was composed of Agargato, Amir Pasand, Pethal, Gajariyo, Chhappaniyo, Alphanso, Neelum, Jamrukhiyo, Kavasji Patel, Giriraj, Amrutiyo, Dasheri and Deshi based on UPGMA...
Phytochemical investigation was carried out on four successive extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl a... more Phytochemical investigation was carried out on four successive extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol andwater) of Syzygium cumini Linn. (black jamun) fruit parts. The extractive yield increased with increasing polarity of solvents. Preliminary phytochemical screening indicated presence of alkaloids, amino acids, anthraquinones, flavanoids, glycosides, phenol, saponins, steroids, tannins, triterpenoids, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities in pulp, kernel, seedand seed coat of this fruit. The different extracts showed presence of following compounds in various fruit parts. The seed and kernel contained more of alkaloids, flavanoids and glycosides and fruit pulp contained more of anthraquinones, glycosides, saponins and triterpenoids. Antioxidant activity was recorded high in seed and their parts when extracted inmethanol and water. Petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions showed poor in antioxidant activity in all fruit parts. Antidiabetic activity of methanol frac...
International Journal of Plant Sciences Muzaffarnagar, 2009
Salt stress is a worldwide problem. In arid and semiarid regions, soil salinity is a common occur... more Salt stress is a worldwide problem. In arid and semiarid regions, soil salinity is a common occurrence. The use of poor irrigation water and salt water encroachment is also increasingly threatening agriculture in humid regions (Syvertsen et al., 1989) From an agricultural point of view, salinity is the accumulation of dissolved salts in the soil water to an extent that inhibits plant growth (Gorham, 1992). Salinity is a major constraint to food production because it limits crop yield and restricts use of land previously uncultivated. Estimates vary, but approximately 7% of the world’s total land area is affected by salinity (Flowers et al., 1997 ). Furthermore, there is also a dangerous trend of a 10 % per year increase in the saline area throughout the world (Pannamieruma, 1984). Salinity is known to induce imbalance of metabolism in crop plants (Levitt, 1980). Constraints on growth of glycophytic plants in saline environments are categorized into three major factors – water defici...
The present study was carried out for the comparison of ISSR and SSR markers for polymorphism pat... more The present study was carried out for the comparison of ISSR and SSR markers for polymorphism pattern and genetic diversity analysis among cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) genotypes. The 18 ISSR primers produced total 103 bands across ten cowpea genotypes, of which 49 bands were polymorphic. In ISSR, fragment size varied from 264–2853 bp. Primer UBC 834 and 835 produced maximum 10 bands. A maximum of 85.70% polymorphism was obtained by UBC 815. Average number of polymorphic bands per primer was 2.72. The UBC 834 was the best primer resulting in good amplification with maximum PIC value (0.890). Jaccard's similarity coefficient ranged from 0.333 to 0.627. The 14 SSR primers produced 92 bands across ten genotypes, of which 75 bands were polymorphic. The size varied from 57–1066 bp. Primer VM-11 produced maximum 17 bands, while primer VM-16 produced minimum 3 bands. A maximum 100.0% polymorphism was obtained with 6 primers. Average number of polymorphic bands per primer was 5.36. The ...
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2010
ABSTRACT Six genotypes of groundnut were germinated at 28 ± 2 0 C temperature in seed germinator ... more ABSTRACT Six genotypes of groundnut were germinated at 28 ± 2 0 C temperature in seed germinator and irrigated with sulphate and chloride dominant saline solution. Both type of salinity affected the normal growth of groundnut seedlings. Germination per cent, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of seedlings, vigour index, and relative water content (RWC) at 4 and 8 days after sowing (DAS) were recorded relatively higher in chloride dominated salinity compared to sulphate dominated salinity. It indicated that the sulphate dominant salinity was more detrimental to germination and seedling growth than chloride dominant salinity. Germination percentage was decreased significantly in all groundnut genotypes with increasing concentration of 0, 20, 40 and 80 m eq/L salts. Higher germination percentage was found in JL-24 in sulphate dominant salinity and GG-2 genotype in chloride dominant salinity. The higher root and shoot length were found in JL-24 and GG-2 genotypes while fresh and dry weight of seedlings were recorded higher in JL-24, GG-2 and GAUG-10 genotypes in response to salt stress. Jl-24 genotype exhibited superior in vigour index at 4 and 8 DAS. Among the genotypes tested, less reduction of RWC in GAUG-10 indicated greater tolerance capacity to both the salt stress. Thus, JL-24 was found relatively more salt tolerant genotype followed by GG-2 and GAUG-10 while GG-7, GG-13 and GG-20 were evaluated as salt susceptible genotypes against sulphate and chloride dominant salinity.
The heat tolerant (ICC-4958, GG-2) and susceptible (ICC-4567, GJG-5) chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.... more The heat tolerant (ICC-4958, GG-2) and susceptible (ICC-4567, GJG-5) chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes were studied for enzymes of sucrose metabolism and RUBISCO activity associated with reproductive collapse under the influence of salicylic acid (SA) during normal and late sowing. The RUBISCO (carbon fixing enzyme) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) decreased significantly in tender leaves (nearer to flower) and anthers due to heat stress leading to reduced sucrose content in late sowing as compared to normal sowing in susceptible genotypes. The pollen length (SEM) of flower was reduced in susceptible genotypes correlating less sucrose and higher invertase activity under heat stress. The activities of RUBISCO, SPS and sucrose content were enhanced (4.31 and 3.29 fold) in susceptible genotypes by SA2 (200 ppm) compared to tolerant (2.17 and 2.31 fold) in leaves under heat stress. The invertase activity remarkably decreased in tolerant genotypes compared to susceptible under the influence of SA in leaves and anthers during late sowing. The leaves sucrose content were enhanced 3.48 fold in tolerant compared to 1.55 fold in susceptible genotypes by SA2. The improvement in reproductive failure due to heat stress (late sowing) was observed better in susceptible genotypes compared to tolerant after SA applications (200 ppm) at flowering stage which elevated enzymes of sucrose metabolism and RUBISCO activity. However, these enzymes found to be higher in tolerant genotypes as pre-existing mechanisms to boost up growth of reproductive organ. The RUBISCO activity, sucrose content and enzymes for sucrose metabolism were found higher in leaves (first tender leaves near to flower) compared to the anthers except SPS which was found higher in anthers particularly in tolerant genotypes during heat stress signifying source to sink transportation of sucrose during flower development and fertilization influenced by SA.
Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) varieties, tolerant (EC-232684, EC 243375 and UC-198) and susceptible (GC... more Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) varieties, tolerant (EC-232684, EC 243375 and UC-198) and susceptible (GC-1, UC-209 and RZ-19) to Fusarium wilt caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. cumini, were grown in wilt-sick plots. Root, stem and leaf tissues collected at pre-...
Biocontrol agents - Trichoderma which in vitro inhibit the growth of fungal pathogen F. oxysporum... more Biocontrol agents - Trichoderma which in vitro inhibit the growth of fungal pathogen F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, were evaluated for their potential to produce various extra cellular enzymes at 8 days after inoculation (DAI). The highest extra cellular activities of cellulase and polygalacturonase (PG) were seen in the culture medium of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri compared to culture media of sole Trichoderma agents and antagonism treatments. Among the four biocontrol agents, T. viride showed highest in vitro per cent inhibition of growth of fungal pathogen F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri on PDA medium. This percent inhibition was positively correlated with extra cellular specific activities of peroxidase, protease, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase. The possible involvements of these enzymes in the antagonistic interaction between Trichoderma spp. and F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri is discussed. T. viride showed highest extra cellular production of pathogenesi...
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018
Custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) is one of the commercially grown fruit crop in India. It belon... more Custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) is one of the commercially grown fruit crop in India. It belongs to Annonaceae family and is a native of tropical region of West Indies (Porwal et al., 2011). Custard apple is popularly called with numerous vernacular names such as sugar apple, sitaphal, sweet sop and Sharifa in the Indian subcontinents (Ghawade et al., 2018). It is a crop of high nutritional value which harbours many important nutritional traits such as high amount of essential minerals (calcium, potassium and International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 10 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com
Chickpea genotypes (ten desi and eight kabuli), differing in their reaction to Fusarium wilt, wer... more Chickpea genotypes (ten desi and eight kabuli), differing in their reaction to Fusarium wilt, were grown in Fusarium infested soil and screened for wilt resistance and susceptibility. The root and leaf tissues of highly resistant (desi WR 315 and kabul KAK 2) and highly susceptible (desi JG 62 and kabul L 550) chickpea genotypes were collected during disease development stages under pathogen infestation and non-infestation conditions. They were analyzed for antioxidant enzyme activities and isozymes profiling. The specific activities of ROS scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and catalase (CAT) were found higher in the root and leaf tissues under compatible interactions (infection) compared with incompatible (non-infested or non-infected?) during disease development stages. The susceptible compatible interactions of desi and kabuli chickpea genotypes induced systemic antioxidant bursts (SOD...
Background: Nanoparticles have great potential in management of different diseases as they have b... more Background: Nanoparticles have great potential in management of different diseases as they have better antimicrobial properties and are stable under harsh process conditions. The use of nanoparticles as antifungal agents, have been considered as alternate, cost-effective and eco friendly management strategy for the control of phytopathogens. Green silver nanoparticles are stable and regarded safe to human beings. Silver in the green-nano form constituted an important class of materials that are involved in electrochemistry, magnetism, biology, environmental science. Methods: The potent Trichoderma interfusant (Fu21) derived by protoplast fusion of mycoparasitic T. virens NBAII Tvs12 and multistress (fungicides and abiotic stress) tolerant T. koningii MTCC796. The chitin-induced exometabolites harvested by culturing the diverse and stress tolerant Trichoderma fusant (Fu21) and utilized for synthesis of green silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). Green Ag-NPs characterized for size (PSA), shape (SEM), stability (ZETA) and purity (EDAX). Findings: A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results indicated the involvement of different functional groups of exometabolites in the synthesis of green Ag-NPs, which gave the specific signature spectra in electromagnetic spectrum. We investigated novel route and mechanism of mycelial degradation at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of green nanoformulation (20 µg Ag.ml-1) to restrain phytopathogen Sclerotium rolfsii. The antifungal action of green Ag-NPs on MIC at 3 DAI elevated the mycelial cell membrane leakages (sugars and proteins), lipid peroxidation, depressed the activity of respiratory chain dehydrogenases and destroyed the structure of S. rolfsii mycelia (SEM morphology) which cause phytopathogen to die eventually. Interpretation: The study developed green nano-product as a potential template for the design of novel antifungal agents to overcome the issue of infection in plant fungal diseases and broken up the food chain for fungicides toxicity to human beings. Overall, study achieved to (1) eliminate the use of human hazardious fungicides, (2) provide a sustainable use of nano-product, and (3) present a new business model fitting into the criteria of green and sustainable chemistry for better human health. Funding Statement: The authors state: "This research did not receive any specific funding." Declaration of Interests: Authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: The authors declare: "Not applicable."
Genetic variation between 20 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes (16 genotypes and 4 lo... more Genetic variation between 20 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes (16 genotypes and 4 local cultivars) were evaluated using microsatellite simple sequence repeats (SSR) molecular markers. Out of 25, seven SSR marker pairs generated total 67 alleles of which 55 were polymorphic. The SSR fingerprinting detected 81.57% average polymorphic loci. The polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.756 to 0.909 with an average of 0.849 per primer. The dendrogram constructed using SSR data showed Jaccard similarity values ranged from 0.395 to 0.822. In clustering pattern, genotypes JIB12 out grouped from rest of the population and shared minimum 47% similarity. The estimated parameters computed within the two populations (genotypes and local cultivars) indicated that the Nei’s genetic diversity (H) was 0.5639, and the Shannon’s information index (I) was 0.9794 with standard deviation ± 0.0418 and ± 0.0675, respectively. The results revealed that genetic diversity within popul...
Three types of groundnut butters (GBs) from two cultivars (GG13 and GG20) were prepared by grindi... more Three types of groundnut butters (GBs) from two cultivars (GG13 and GG20) were prepared by grinding the shelled and roasted groundnut to which safe and suitable stabilizing ingredients were added. Total protein and fat contents were found higher in GBs than their respective kernels. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) like myristic, palmitic and stearic acids were found significantly higher (P < 0.01) in hydrogenated fat than GBs. GB prepared by using two cultivars - GG13 and GG20 in the ratio of 2:1 (GB-3) had higher oleic acid (48.8%) and linoleic acid (31.2%), essential fatty acid (EFA), poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with highest nutritional quality index (1.77) and optimal oil stability index (1.56). This GB had better fatty acid composition and balanced oil quality compared to GBs prepared from individual cultivars GG13 and GG20 as well as hydrogenated fat. MUFA and PUFA were found higher in GBs than hydrogenated fat. So, it is desirable to make various fortified food products...
Twenty mango cultivars (Mangifera indica Linn) collected from Gir region of Saurashtra were exami... more Twenty mango cultivars (Mangifera indica Linn) collected from Gir region of Saurashtra were examined by ISSR markers. Of the 50 primers screened, 21 primers gave reproducible, polymorphic DNA amplification patterns, and were selected to construct a DNA fingerprinting map to distinguish the genotypes of mango. According to the banding patterns obtained with 21 selected primers, all cultivars tested in this study except Jamadar and Kesar were distinguished from each other and showed ample genetic diversity, indicating that ISSR-PCR was an effective method for cultivar identification of mangoes. Based on 125 selected bands, all Gir mango landraces tested were clustered into a three big groups with ‛Kaju’ and ‛Khodi’ in first group, Dudh Pendo, Sopari, Jamadar, Kesar and Ashadhiya in second group, while the third cluster was composed of Agargato, Amir Pasand, Pethal, Gajariyo, Chhappaniyo, Alphanso, Neelum, Jamrukhiyo, Kavasji Patel, Giriraj, Amrutiyo, Dasheri and Deshi based on UPGMA...
Phytochemical investigation was carried out on four successive extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl a... more Phytochemical investigation was carried out on four successive extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol andwater) of Syzygium cumini Linn. (black jamun) fruit parts. The extractive yield increased with increasing polarity of solvents. Preliminary phytochemical screening indicated presence of alkaloids, amino acids, anthraquinones, flavanoids, glycosides, phenol, saponins, steroids, tannins, triterpenoids, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities in pulp, kernel, seedand seed coat of this fruit. The different extracts showed presence of following compounds in various fruit parts. The seed and kernel contained more of alkaloids, flavanoids and glycosides and fruit pulp contained more of anthraquinones, glycosides, saponins and triterpenoids. Antioxidant activity was recorded high in seed and their parts when extracted inmethanol and water. Petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions showed poor in antioxidant activity in all fruit parts. Antidiabetic activity of methanol frac...
International Journal of Plant Sciences Muzaffarnagar, 2009
Salt stress is a worldwide problem. In arid and semiarid regions, soil salinity is a common occur... more Salt stress is a worldwide problem. In arid and semiarid regions, soil salinity is a common occurrence. The use of poor irrigation water and salt water encroachment is also increasingly threatening agriculture in humid regions (Syvertsen et al., 1989) From an agricultural point of view, salinity is the accumulation of dissolved salts in the soil water to an extent that inhibits plant growth (Gorham, 1992). Salinity is a major constraint to food production because it limits crop yield and restricts use of land previously uncultivated. Estimates vary, but approximately 7% of the world’s total land area is affected by salinity (Flowers et al., 1997 ). Furthermore, there is also a dangerous trend of a 10 % per year increase in the saline area throughout the world (Pannamieruma, 1984). Salinity is known to induce imbalance of metabolism in crop plants (Levitt, 1980). Constraints on growth of glycophytic plants in saline environments are categorized into three major factors – water defici...
The present study was carried out for the comparison of ISSR and SSR markers for polymorphism pat... more The present study was carried out for the comparison of ISSR and SSR markers for polymorphism pattern and genetic diversity analysis among cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) genotypes. The 18 ISSR primers produced total 103 bands across ten cowpea genotypes, of which 49 bands were polymorphic. In ISSR, fragment size varied from 264–2853 bp. Primer UBC 834 and 835 produced maximum 10 bands. A maximum of 85.70% polymorphism was obtained by UBC 815. Average number of polymorphic bands per primer was 2.72. The UBC 834 was the best primer resulting in good amplification with maximum PIC value (0.890). Jaccard's similarity coefficient ranged from 0.333 to 0.627. The 14 SSR primers produced 92 bands across ten genotypes, of which 75 bands were polymorphic. The size varied from 57–1066 bp. Primer VM-11 produced maximum 17 bands, while primer VM-16 produced minimum 3 bands. A maximum 100.0% polymorphism was obtained with 6 primers. Average number of polymorphic bands per primer was 5.36. The ...
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