This study on three medicinal plants namely; Nauclea latifolia S.M., Amblygonocarpus andongensis,... more This study on three medicinal plants namely; Nauclea latifolia S.M., Amblygonocarpus andongensis, and Bridelia africana (collected from Tafashiya and Fakuwa villages, Kankia Local Government Area, Katsina state) was carried out to determine their toxicity, using 30 albino rats in groups of 5 (2 males & 3 females) plus a control group making a total of six (6) groups. Fairly uniform conditions of age, weight, temperature, humidity, photoperiod, rat feed and water were maintained before administering the extracts in doses of 10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, according to the procedure of Lorke. The extracts were found to be practically non-toxic (LD50 = 0 mg/kg) via qualitative analysis of the powdered samples, aqueous and ethanolic extracts based on standard procedures of Sofowora, Harborne, Trease and Evans as adopted by Edeoga et al (2005) and Ganesan and Bhatt (2008). The active ingredients were saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, cardiac and steroid glycosides. However, flavonoids were not detected in B. africana. Nevertheless the detected ingredients all constitute a synergistic aggregate that is most likely responsible for the observed non-toxicity characteristic.
Abstract
The Hausa ethnicity has been undergoing identity crisis since pre-colonial days. It has... more Abstract The Hausa ethnicity has been undergoing identity crisis since pre-colonial days. It has assumed the status of a pan-ethnicity by subsuming peoples and cultures, transforming them into Hausa or at least Hausa-speaking. This is why the Hausa Race is grossly misunderstood even by members within the society. The introduction of the ‘‘Hausa-Fulani’’ identity by selfish northern politicians with Fulani bloodline in the early 1980s is the greatest miscalculation of the century. The ‘‘Hausa-Fulani’’ identity is only a segment of a segment of the Hausa society. Recognizing it in place of Hausa ethnicity by members will amount to committing a cultural suicide. This paper is therefore aimed at clearing misconceptions and correcting wrong impressions. It detects the deficiency of the imposed ‘‘Hausa-Fulani’’ identity as a replacement of Hausa ethnicity. It realizes that the imposed Hausa-Fulani conundrum does not only underrate the might of the Hausa pan-ethnicity but also ostracizes all other important composite identities through intermarriage with the Hausa e.g. Hausa-Kanuri, Hausa-Tuareg, Hausa-Babur, Hausa-Nupe,, Hausa-Gwari, Hausa-Jukun, etc. The paper recommends a banishing of the Hausa-Fulani collocation and identity except as a segment within the pan-ethnicity. The paper provides a comparative historical treat of Hausa and Fulani ethnicities in order to update the uninformed including those who created and imposed the ‘‘Hausa-Fulani’’ project.
This study on three medicinal plants namely; Nauclea latifolia S.M., Amblygonocarpus andongensis,... more This study on three medicinal plants namely; Nauclea latifolia S.M., Amblygonocarpus andongensis, and Bridelia africana (collected from Tafashiya and Fakuwa villages, Kankia Local Government Area, Katsina state) was carried out to determine their toxicity, using 30 albino rats in groups of 5 (2 males & 3 females) plus a control group making a total of six (6) groups. Fairly uniform conditions of age, weight, temperature, humidity, photoperiod, rat feed and water were maintained before administering the extracts in doses of 10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, according to the procedure of Lorke. The extracts were found to be practically non-toxic (LD50 = 0 mg/kg) via qualitative analysis of the powdered samples, aqueous and ethanolic extracts based on standard procedures of Sofowora, Harborne, Trease and Evans as adopted by Edeoga et al (2005) and Ganesan and Bhatt (2008). The active ingredients were saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, cardiac and steroid glycosides. However, flavonoids were not detected in B. africana. Nevertheless the detected ingredients all constitute a synergistic aggregate that is most likely responsible for the observed non-toxicity characteristic.
Abstract
The Hausa ethnicity has been undergoing identity crisis since pre-colonial days. It has... more Abstract The Hausa ethnicity has been undergoing identity crisis since pre-colonial days. It has assumed the status of a pan-ethnicity by subsuming peoples and cultures, transforming them into Hausa or at least Hausa-speaking. This is why the Hausa Race is grossly misunderstood even by members within the society. The introduction of the ‘‘Hausa-Fulani’’ identity by selfish northern politicians with Fulani bloodline in the early 1980s is the greatest miscalculation of the century. The ‘‘Hausa-Fulani’’ identity is only a segment of a segment of the Hausa society. Recognizing it in place of Hausa ethnicity by members will amount to committing a cultural suicide. This paper is therefore aimed at clearing misconceptions and correcting wrong impressions. It detects the deficiency of the imposed ‘‘Hausa-Fulani’’ identity as a replacement of Hausa ethnicity. It realizes that the imposed Hausa-Fulani conundrum does not only underrate the might of the Hausa pan-ethnicity but also ostracizes all other important composite identities through intermarriage with the Hausa e.g. Hausa-Kanuri, Hausa-Tuareg, Hausa-Babur, Hausa-Nupe,, Hausa-Gwari, Hausa-Jukun, etc. The paper recommends a banishing of the Hausa-Fulani collocation and identity except as a segment within the pan-ethnicity. The paper provides a comparative historical treat of Hausa and Fulani ethnicities in order to update the uninformed including those who created and imposed the ‘‘Hausa-Fulani’’ project.
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The Hausa ethnicity has been undergoing identity crisis since pre-colonial days. It has assumed the status of a pan-ethnicity by subsuming peoples and cultures, transforming them into Hausa or at least Hausa-speaking. This is why the Hausa Race is grossly misunderstood even by members within the society. The introduction of the ‘‘Hausa-Fulani’’ identity by selfish northern politicians with Fulani bloodline in the early 1980s is the greatest miscalculation of the century. The ‘‘Hausa-Fulani’’ identity is only a segment of a segment of the Hausa society. Recognizing it in place of Hausa ethnicity by members will amount to committing a cultural suicide. This paper is therefore aimed at clearing misconceptions and correcting wrong impressions. It detects the deficiency of the imposed ‘‘Hausa-Fulani’’ identity as a replacement of Hausa ethnicity. It realizes that the imposed Hausa-Fulani conundrum does not only underrate the might of the Hausa pan-ethnicity but also ostracizes all other important composite identities through intermarriage with the Hausa e.g. Hausa-Kanuri, Hausa-Tuareg, Hausa-Babur, Hausa-Nupe,, Hausa-Gwari, Hausa-Jukun, etc. The paper recommends a banishing of the Hausa-Fulani collocation and identity except as a segment within the pan-ethnicity. The paper provides a comparative historical treat of Hausa and Fulani ethnicities in order to update the uninformed including those who created and imposed the ‘‘Hausa-Fulani’’ project.
KEY WORDS Hausa Pan-ethnicity Identity Crisis
The Hausa ethnicity has been undergoing identity crisis since pre-colonial days. It has assumed the status of a pan-ethnicity by subsuming peoples and cultures, transforming them into Hausa or at least Hausa-speaking. This is why the Hausa Race is grossly misunderstood even by members within the society. The introduction of the ‘‘Hausa-Fulani’’ identity by selfish northern politicians with Fulani bloodline in the early 1980s is the greatest miscalculation of the century. The ‘‘Hausa-Fulani’’ identity is only a segment of a segment of the Hausa society. Recognizing it in place of Hausa ethnicity by members will amount to committing a cultural suicide. This paper is therefore aimed at clearing misconceptions and correcting wrong impressions. It detects the deficiency of the imposed ‘‘Hausa-Fulani’’ identity as a replacement of Hausa ethnicity. It realizes that the imposed Hausa-Fulani conundrum does not only underrate the might of the Hausa pan-ethnicity but also ostracizes all other important composite identities through intermarriage with the Hausa e.g. Hausa-Kanuri, Hausa-Tuareg, Hausa-Babur, Hausa-Nupe,, Hausa-Gwari, Hausa-Jukun, etc. The paper recommends a banishing of the Hausa-Fulani collocation and identity except as a segment within the pan-ethnicity. The paper provides a comparative historical treat of Hausa and Fulani ethnicities in order to update the uninformed including those who created and imposed the ‘‘Hausa-Fulani’’ project.
KEY WORDS Hausa Pan-ethnicity Identity Crisis