The publishers would like to apologise for an error introduced during copyediting into the paper ... more The publishers would like to apologise for an error introduced during copyediting into the paper Keir X. X. Yong, Timothy J. Shakespeare, Dave Cash, Susie M. D. Henley, Jennifer M. Nicholas, Gerard R. Ridgway, Hannah L. Golden, Elizabeth K. Warrington, Amelia M. Carton, Diego Kaski, Jonathan M. Schott, Jason D. Warren, Sebastian J. Crutch. Prominent effects and neural correlates of visual crowding in a neurodegenerative disease population. Brain 2014; 137: 3284–99; doi:10.1093/brain/awu293
The location and motion of sounds in space are important cues for encoding the auditory world. Sp... more The location and motion of sounds in space are important cues for encoding the auditory world. Spatial processing is a core component of auditory scene analysis, a cognitively demanding function that is vulnerable in Alzheimer’s disease. Here we designed a novel neuropsychological battery based on a virtual space paradigm to assess auditory spatial processing in patient cohorts with clinically typical Alzheimer’s disease (n = 20) and its major variant syndrome, posterior cortical atrophy (n = 12) in relation to healthy older controls (n = 26). We assessed three dimensions of auditory spatial function: externalized versus non-externalized sound discrimination, moving versus stationary sound discrimination and stationary auditory spatial position discrimination, together with non-spatial auditory and visual spatial control tasks. Neuroanatomical correlates of auditory spatial processing were assessed using voxel-based morphometry. Relative to healthy older controls, both patient group...
Objectives Self-compassion has been proposed as a mechanism of change in mindfulness-based progra... more Objectives Self-compassion has been proposed as a mechanism of change in mindfulness-based programmes (MBPs). The current study systematically reviewed the evidence for the effect of MBPs on self-compassion, in randomised controlled trials addressing broad mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety and stress) in nonclinical populations, and statistically synthesisesd these findings in a meta-analysis. Methods Three databases were systematically searched, and pre-post programme between group effect sizes (Hedges g) were calculated and synthesised using meta-analytic procedures. Correlation between change in self-compassion and distress (r) was also assessed. Moderator analyses were conducted and publication bias was assessed. Results Twenty-six studies met inclusion criteria (n = 598). A significant medium effect of pre-post change on self-compassion was found for MBPs compared to control conditions (g = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.41 to 0.80, p < 0.001). There was significant heterogeneit...
Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, Feb 1, 2018
Aberrant rule- and reward-based processes underpin abnormalities of socio-emotional behaviour in ... more Aberrant rule- and reward-based processes underpin abnormalities of socio-emotional behaviour in major dementias. However, these processes remain poorly characterized. Here we used music to probe rule decoding and reward valuation in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) syndromes and Alzheimer's disease (AD) relative to healthy age-matched individuals. We created short melodies that were either harmonically resolved ('finished') or unresolved ('unfinished'); the task was to classify each melody as finished or unfinished (rule processing) and rate its subjective pleasantness (reward valuation). Results were adjusted for elementary pitch and executive processing; neuroanatomical correlates were assessed using voxel-based morphometry. Relative to healthy older controls, patients with behavioural variant FTD showed impairments of both musical rule decoding and reward valuation, while patients with semantic dementia showed impaired reward valuation but intact r...
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 2016
Music is a universal stimulus that generates powerful emotion and reward. Responses to music depe... more Music is a universal stimulus that generates powerful emotion and reward. Responses to music depend on internalised ‘rules’ that generate strong psychological expectancies and have been little studied in disease. We assessed expectations generated while listening to music and associated affective responses in cohorts of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), semantic dementia (SD) and progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA) in relation to healthy older individuals. We created a set of short novel melodies in which cadence was manipulated such that the melodies sounded either ‘finished’ or ‘unfinished’. Participants were asked to label each melody explicitly and to rate how pleasing they found the ending. Relative to the healthy control group, AD and bvFTD showed a significant deficit of labelling of melodies as finished or unfinished. All participants, apart from the SD group, found unfinished melodies significantly more unpleasant than finished melodies. In VBM, grey matter correlates of melody classification accuracy and pleasantness rating were identified in a distributed network including anterior temporal, medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortices. Music is a promising tool with which to probe the differential effects of dementia diseases on reward and rule–based processes.
Despite much recent interest in music and dementia, music perception has not been widely studied ... more Despite much recent interest in music and dementia, music perception has not been widely studied across dementia syndromes using an information processing approach. Here we addressed this issue in a cohort of 30 patients representing major dementia syndromes of typical Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 16), logopenic aphasia (LPA, an Alzheimer variant syndrome; n = 5), and progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA; n = 9) in relation to 19 healthy age-matched individuals. We designed a novel neuropsychological battery to assess perception of musical patterns in the dimensions of pitch and temporal information (requiring detection of notes that deviated from the established pattern based on local or global sequence features) and musical scene analysis (requiring detection of a familiar tune within polyphonic harmony). Performance on these tests was referenced to generic auditory (timbral) deviance detection and recognition of familiar tunes and adjusted for general auditory working memory p...
art may signal emotions independently of a biological or social carrier: it might therefore const... more art may signal emotions independently of a biological or social carrier: it might therefore constitute a test case for defining brain mechanisms of generic emotion decoding and the impact of disease states on those mechanisms. This is potentially of particular relevance to diseases in the frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) spectrum. These diseases are often led by emotional impairment despite retained or enhanced artistic interest in at least some patients. However, the processing of emotion from art has not been studied systematically in FTLD. Here we addressed this issue using a novel emotional valence matching task on abstract paintings in patients representing major syndromes of FTLD (behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, n=11; sematic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), n=7; nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA), n=6) relative to healthy older individuals (n=39). Performance on art emotion valence matching was compared between groups takin...
Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, Jan 24, 2015
Sense of humor is potentially relevant to social functioning in dementias but has been little stu... more Sense of humor is potentially relevant to social functioning in dementias but has been little studied in these diseases. We designed a semi-structured informant questionnaire to assess humor behavior and preferences in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD; n = 15), semantic dementia (SD; n = 7), progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA; n = 10), and Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 16) versus healthy age-matched individuals (n = 21). Altered (including frankly inappropriate) humor responses were significantly more frequent in bvFTD and SD than PNFA or AD. All patient groups liked satirical and absurdist comedy significantly less than did healthy controls; this pattern was reported premorbidly for satirical comedy in bvFTD, PNFA, and AD. Liking for slapstick comedy did not differ between groups. Altered sense of humor is particularly salient in bvFTD and SD but also frequent in AD and PNFA. Humor may be a sensitive probe of social cognitive impairment in dementi...
The publishers would like to apologise for an error introduced during copyediting into the paper ... more The publishers would like to apologise for an error introduced during copyediting into the paper Keir X. X. Yong, Timothy J. Shakespeare, Dave Cash, Susie M. D. Henley, Jennifer M. Nicholas, Gerard R. Ridgway, Hannah L. Golden, Elizabeth K. Warrington, Amelia M. Carton, Diego Kaski, Jonathan M. Schott, Jason D. Warren, Sebastian J. Crutch. Prominent effects and neural correlates of visual crowding in a neurodegenerative disease population. Brain 2014; 137: 3284–99; doi:10.1093/brain/awu293
The location and motion of sounds in space are important cues for encoding the auditory world. Sp... more The location and motion of sounds in space are important cues for encoding the auditory world. Spatial processing is a core component of auditory scene analysis, a cognitively demanding function that is vulnerable in Alzheimer’s disease. Here we designed a novel neuropsychological battery based on a virtual space paradigm to assess auditory spatial processing in patient cohorts with clinically typical Alzheimer’s disease (n = 20) and its major variant syndrome, posterior cortical atrophy (n = 12) in relation to healthy older controls (n = 26). We assessed three dimensions of auditory spatial function: externalized versus non-externalized sound discrimination, moving versus stationary sound discrimination and stationary auditory spatial position discrimination, together with non-spatial auditory and visual spatial control tasks. Neuroanatomical correlates of auditory spatial processing were assessed using voxel-based morphometry. Relative to healthy older controls, both patient group...
Objectives Self-compassion has been proposed as a mechanism of change in mindfulness-based progra... more Objectives Self-compassion has been proposed as a mechanism of change in mindfulness-based programmes (MBPs). The current study systematically reviewed the evidence for the effect of MBPs on self-compassion, in randomised controlled trials addressing broad mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety and stress) in nonclinical populations, and statistically synthesisesd these findings in a meta-analysis. Methods Three databases were systematically searched, and pre-post programme between group effect sizes (Hedges g) were calculated and synthesised using meta-analytic procedures. Correlation between change in self-compassion and distress (r) was also assessed. Moderator analyses were conducted and publication bias was assessed. Results Twenty-six studies met inclusion criteria (n = 598). A significant medium effect of pre-post change on self-compassion was found for MBPs compared to control conditions (g = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.41 to 0.80, p < 0.001). There was significant heterogeneit...
Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, Feb 1, 2018
Aberrant rule- and reward-based processes underpin abnormalities of socio-emotional behaviour in ... more Aberrant rule- and reward-based processes underpin abnormalities of socio-emotional behaviour in major dementias. However, these processes remain poorly characterized. Here we used music to probe rule decoding and reward valuation in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) syndromes and Alzheimer's disease (AD) relative to healthy age-matched individuals. We created short melodies that were either harmonically resolved ('finished') or unresolved ('unfinished'); the task was to classify each melody as finished or unfinished (rule processing) and rate its subjective pleasantness (reward valuation). Results were adjusted for elementary pitch and executive processing; neuroanatomical correlates were assessed using voxel-based morphometry. Relative to healthy older controls, patients with behavioural variant FTD showed impairments of both musical rule decoding and reward valuation, while patients with semantic dementia showed impaired reward valuation but intact r...
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 2016
Music is a universal stimulus that generates powerful emotion and reward. Responses to music depe... more Music is a universal stimulus that generates powerful emotion and reward. Responses to music depend on internalised ‘rules’ that generate strong psychological expectancies and have been little studied in disease. We assessed expectations generated while listening to music and associated affective responses in cohorts of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), semantic dementia (SD) and progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA) in relation to healthy older individuals. We created a set of short novel melodies in which cadence was manipulated such that the melodies sounded either ‘finished’ or ‘unfinished’. Participants were asked to label each melody explicitly and to rate how pleasing they found the ending. Relative to the healthy control group, AD and bvFTD showed a significant deficit of labelling of melodies as finished or unfinished. All participants, apart from the SD group, found unfinished melodies significantly more unpleasant than finished melodies. In VBM, grey matter correlates of melody classification accuracy and pleasantness rating were identified in a distributed network including anterior temporal, medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortices. Music is a promising tool with which to probe the differential effects of dementia diseases on reward and rule–based processes.
Despite much recent interest in music and dementia, music perception has not been widely studied ... more Despite much recent interest in music and dementia, music perception has not been widely studied across dementia syndromes using an information processing approach. Here we addressed this issue in a cohort of 30 patients representing major dementia syndromes of typical Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 16), logopenic aphasia (LPA, an Alzheimer variant syndrome; n = 5), and progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA; n = 9) in relation to 19 healthy age-matched individuals. We designed a novel neuropsychological battery to assess perception of musical patterns in the dimensions of pitch and temporal information (requiring detection of notes that deviated from the established pattern based on local or global sequence features) and musical scene analysis (requiring detection of a familiar tune within polyphonic harmony). Performance on these tests was referenced to generic auditory (timbral) deviance detection and recognition of familiar tunes and adjusted for general auditory working memory p...
art may signal emotions independently of a biological or social carrier: it might therefore const... more art may signal emotions independently of a biological or social carrier: it might therefore constitute a test case for defining brain mechanisms of generic emotion decoding and the impact of disease states on those mechanisms. This is potentially of particular relevance to diseases in the frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) spectrum. These diseases are often led by emotional impairment despite retained or enhanced artistic interest in at least some patients. However, the processing of emotion from art has not been studied systematically in FTLD. Here we addressed this issue using a novel emotional valence matching task on abstract paintings in patients representing major syndromes of FTLD (behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, n=11; sematic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), n=7; nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA), n=6) relative to healthy older individuals (n=39). Performance on art emotion valence matching was compared between groups takin...
Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, Jan 24, 2015
Sense of humor is potentially relevant to social functioning in dementias but has been little stu... more Sense of humor is potentially relevant to social functioning in dementias but has been little studied in these diseases. We designed a semi-structured informant questionnaire to assess humor behavior and preferences in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD; n = 15), semantic dementia (SD; n = 7), progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA; n = 10), and Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 16) versus healthy age-matched individuals (n = 21). Altered (including frankly inappropriate) humor responses were significantly more frequent in bvFTD and SD than PNFA or AD. All patient groups liked satirical and absurdist comedy significantly less than did healthy controls; this pattern was reported premorbidly for satirical comedy in bvFTD, PNFA, and AD. Liking for slapstick comedy did not differ between groups. Altered sense of humor is particularly salient in bvFTD and SD but also frequent in AD and PNFA. Humor may be a sensitive probe of social cognitive impairment in dementi...
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