Yellow rust and heat stress adversatively impact the growth and production of bread wheat in part... more Yellow rust and heat stress adversatively impact the growth and production of bread wheat in particular under rising adverse environmental conditions. Stability of grain yield is a pivotal purpose of plant breeders to improve wheat production and ensure global food security especially under abrupt climate change. The objective of this study was to assess the performance and stability of diverse bread wheat genotypes for yellow rust resistance, heat stress, and yield traits. The studied genotypes were evaluated in two different locations under two sowing dates (timely and late sowing) during two growing seasons. The obtained results displayed significant differences among the tested locations, sowing dates, and genotypes for most measured traits. The yellow rust measurements evaluated under the field conditions including final rust severity (FRS), the average coefficient of infection (ACI), and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) revealed that Giza-171, Misr-1, Gemmeiza-12, Sha...
Intercropping plays an important role in increasing productivity and achieving sustainability in ... more Intercropping plays an important role in increasing productivity and achieving sustainability in agriculture and animal production by accounting for social, economic, and environmental considerations. This approach should be the basis of any economic construction, particularly in developing countries such as Egypt. Intercropping improves the use efficiency of land and available resources (water, light, and nutrients) through the different stages of growth. Furthermore, intercropping is a proven method to deter pests, encourage the proliferation of their natural enemies, reduce disease and insect injury, and inhibit weed growth through a “push–pull” system, making it an important aspect of sustainable agriculture. Integration and facilitation of available resources can occur through the different stages of growth in several intercropping systems. Also, the benefits from intercropping for a unit area can be maximized through the activity of microorganisms and nitrogen fixation to obtain a land equivalent ratio greater than 1. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) molecular marker profiling has been used to fingerprint the 16S rRNA gene and identify the relative abundance of bacterial populations in the rhizosphere of intercropping patterns. This can reduce nitrate washing, as well as the risk of groundwater contamination by nitrates.
Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential and extremely toxic element that destructively impacts agricultura... more Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential and extremely toxic element that destructively impacts agricultural production. Accordingly, developing tolerant-Cd as well as low-grain Cd genotypes is considered a promising approach to cope with the pollution problem. The current study aimed at understanding inheritance nature of Cd tolerance and detect Cd-tolerant and low-grain Cd genotypes in bread wheat. Six parents were selected based on their Cd tolerance and were genotyped using triple-RAPD and ISSR markers to investigate their genetic diversity. The selected parents were crossed and the realized F1s were selfed to produce F2 populations and were backcrossed with their own parents to produce BC1 and BC2 populations. Six populations for each cross comprised P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 were evaluated in two adjacent experiments under non-Cd stressed and Cd-stressed conditions. Significant positive relative and standard heterosis were detected for flag leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, proline...
The cultivation of forage mixtures has an important role in increasing the land use efficiency an... more The cultivation of forage mixtures has an important role in increasing the land use efficiency and utilization of environmental resources. Many farmers resort to forage mixtures to increase the productivity of green forage per unit area. Mixtures are used to increase forage quality and the nutritive value by increasing the proportion of fiber to avoid digestive problems. Cultivation of mixtures improves the mutually beneficial relationship. The most important of these forage mixtures are Sudan grass–cowpea, fodder maize–cowpea, fodder maize–guar, ryegrass–clover, barley–clover, and canary grass–clover, which succeed under Egyptian conditions. The use of nitrogen and phosphorus as fertilizers is also important because of their significant and clear impact on forage yield and quality for livestock.
Mitigating Environmental Stresses for Agricultural Sustainability in Egypt, 2021
Agriculture is a fertile area for the application of modern technologies to improve the productiv... more Agriculture is a fertile area for the application of modern technologies to improve the productivity of crop plants. The advantages of laser in agriculture include many aspects which include encouraging plants to tolerate environmental effects and safely mitigate the effects of environmental changes, such as drought, high temperature, salinity and pollution. Also, it biostimulate plant resistance to biotic stresses of disease injuries. Moreover, the application of laser technology is considered a sustainable, secure and clean means to improve growth, yield and quality of crop plants. In wheat, laser led to improve morph physiological, biochemical, enzymatic activity, yield and grain quality. This chapter presents the state-of-the-art on various benefits of helium-neon laser technology when applied to agriculture.
Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology, 2018
The present investigation was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Plant Research Department, ... more The present investigation was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Inchas, Egypt. The aim of this study was to induce genetic variability in Sids 12, Sakha 94 and Gemmeiza 9 wheat cultivars using Gamma ray, LASER beams and Ethyl Methan Sulphonate. Field studies were conducted on M1, M2 and M3 generations. Bulked M3 mutants were evaluated during growing 2013/2014 season for performance and genetic variability of morpho-physiological and yield characters. The most promising M3 mutants derived from mother cultivar Sids 12 were Sd-12 0.3EMS and Sd-12 0.4EMS for high grain yield, no. of spikes/plant, flag leaf chlorophyll content, flag leaf area and spike length with moderate plant height. Whereas, the most promising populations derived from mother cultivar Sakha 94 were Sk-94 350 Gy, Sk-94 400 Gy and Sk-94 2hr LASER for grain yield and its components, flag leaf chlorophyll content, spike length. Furthermore,...
This chapter casts light on the main conclusions and recommendations of the chapters presented in... more This chapter casts light on the main conclusions and recommendations of the chapters presented in this volume. In addition, it discusses some findings from a few recently published research works related to the soil–water–food nexus. Therefore, this chapter contains information on water scarcity in Egypt, soil toxicology, heavy metal contamination, sustainable agriculture, geostatistics and proximal soil sensing in agricultural management, the role of intercropping systems in sustainable crop production, rice production, bioactive compounds in soybeans, and plant biotechnology. In addition, a set of recommendations for future research work is provided to direct future research toward sustainability, which is the main subject of strategic importance under Egyptian circumstances.
Many countries in the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa) are facing water scarcity, which... more Many countries in the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa) are facing water scarcity, which poses a great challenge to agricultural production. Furthermore, water scarcity is projected to increase due to climate change, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. The integration of solar power and water desalination systems in greenhouses to overcome water shortages is one of the preferred technologies in crop-growing areas. Crop growth control is done through sufficient management of environmental climatic variables as well as the quantity and quality of water and applied fertilisers with irrigation. Numerous crops such as cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, lettuces, strawberries, flowers, and herbs can be grown under greenhouse conditions using desalinated water. This paper displays the state of the art in (i) solar-driven saltwater desalination to irrigate crops, (ii) the feasibility of water desalination for agriculture in the MENA region, (iii) the economics and environmental ...
Yellow rust and heat stress adversatively impact the growth and production of bread wheat in part... more Yellow rust and heat stress adversatively impact the growth and production of bread wheat in particular under rising adverse environmental conditions. Stability of grain yield is a pivotal purpose of plant breeders to improve wheat production and ensure global food security especially under abrupt climate change. The objective of this study was to assess the performance and stability of diverse bread wheat genotypes for yellow rust resistance, heat stress, and yield traits. The studied genotypes were evaluated in two different locations under two sowing dates (timely and late sowing) during two growing seasons. The obtained results displayed significant differences among the tested locations, sowing dates, and genotypes for most measured traits. The yellow rust measurements evaluated under the field conditions including final rust severity (FRS), the average coefficient of infection (ACI), and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) revealed that Giza-171, Misr-1, Gemmeiza-12, Sha...
Intercropping plays an important role in increasing productivity and achieving sustainability in ... more Intercropping plays an important role in increasing productivity and achieving sustainability in agriculture and animal production by accounting for social, economic, and environmental considerations. This approach should be the basis of any economic construction, particularly in developing countries such as Egypt. Intercropping improves the use efficiency of land and available resources (water, light, and nutrients) through the different stages of growth. Furthermore, intercropping is a proven method to deter pests, encourage the proliferation of their natural enemies, reduce disease and insect injury, and inhibit weed growth through a “push–pull” system, making it an important aspect of sustainable agriculture. Integration and facilitation of available resources can occur through the different stages of growth in several intercropping systems. Also, the benefits from intercropping for a unit area can be maximized through the activity of microorganisms and nitrogen fixation to obtain a land equivalent ratio greater than 1. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) molecular marker profiling has been used to fingerprint the 16S rRNA gene and identify the relative abundance of bacterial populations in the rhizosphere of intercropping patterns. This can reduce nitrate washing, as well as the risk of groundwater contamination by nitrates.
Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential and extremely toxic element that destructively impacts agricultura... more Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential and extremely toxic element that destructively impacts agricultural production. Accordingly, developing tolerant-Cd as well as low-grain Cd genotypes is considered a promising approach to cope with the pollution problem. The current study aimed at understanding inheritance nature of Cd tolerance and detect Cd-tolerant and low-grain Cd genotypes in bread wheat. Six parents were selected based on their Cd tolerance and were genotyped using triple-RAPD and ISSR markers to investigate their genetic diversity. The selected parents were crossed and the realized F1s were selfed to produce F2 populations and were backcrossed with their own parents to produce BC1 and BC2 populations. Six populations for each cross comprised P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 were evaluated in two adjacent experiments under non-Cd stressed and Cd-stressed conditions. Significant positive relative and standard heterosis were detected for flag leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, proline...
The cultivation of forage mixtures has an important role in increasing the land use efficiency an... more The cultivation of forage mixtures has an important role in increasing the land use efficiency and utilization of environmental resources. Many farmers resort to forage mixtures to increase the productivity of green forage per unit area. Mixtures are used to increase forage quality and the nutritive value by increasing the proportion of fiber to avoid digestive problems. Cultivation of mixtures improves the mutually beneficial relationship. The most important of these forage mixtures are Sudan grass–cowpea, fodder maize–cowpea, fodder maize–guar, ryegrass–clover, barley–clover, and canary grass–clover, which succeed under Egyptian conditions. The use of nitrogen and phosphorus as fertilizers is also important because of their significant and clear impact on forage yield and quality for livestock.
Mitigating Environmental Stresses for Agricultural Sustainability in Egypt, 2021
Agriculture is a fertile area for the application of modern technologies to improve the productiv... more Agriculture is a fertile area for the application of modern technologies to improve the productivity of crop plants. The advantages of laser in agriculture include many aspects which include encouraging plants to tolerate environmental effects and safely mitigate the effects of environmental changes, such as drought, high temperature, salinity and pollution. Also, it biostimulate plant resistance to biotic stresses of disease injuries. Moreover, the application of laser technology is considered a sustainable, secure and clean means to improve growth, yield and quality of crop plants. In wheat, laser led to improve morph physiological, biochemical, enzymatic activity, yield and grain quality. This chapter presents the state-of-the-art on various benefits of helium-neon laser technology when applied to agriculture.
Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology, 2018
The present investigation was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Plant Research Department, ... more The present investigation was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Inchas, Egypt. The aim of this study was to induce genetic variability in Sids 12, Sakha 94 and Gemmeiza 9 wheat cultivars using Gamma ray, LASER beams and Ethyl Methan Sulphonate. Field studies were conducted on M1, M2 and M3 generations. Bulked M3 mutants were evaluated during growing 2013/2014 season for performance and genetic variability of morpho-physiological and yield characters. The most promising M3 mutants derived from mother cultivar Sids 12 were Sd-12 0.3EMS and Sd-12 0.4EMS for high grain yield, no. of spikes/plant, flag leaf chlorophyll content, flag leaf area and spike length with moderate plant height. Whereas, the most promising populations derived from mother cultivar Sakha 94 were Sk-94 350 Gy, Sk-94 400 Gy and Sk-94 2hr LASER for grain yield and its components, flag leaf chlorophyll content, spike length. Furthermore,...
This chapter casts light on the main conclusions and recommendations of the chapters presented in... more This chapter casts light on the main conclusions and recommendations of the chapters presented in this volume. In addition, it discusses some findings from a few recently published research works related to the soil–water–food nexus. Therefore, this chapter contains information on water scarcity in Egypt, soil toxicology, heavy metal contamination, sustainable agriculture, geostatistics and proximal soil sensing in agricultural management, the role of intercropping systems in sustainable crop production, rice production, bioactive compounds in soybeans, and plant biotechnology. In addition, a set of recommendations for future research work is provided to direct future research toward sustainability, which is the main subject of strategic importance under Egyptian circumstances.
Many countries in the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa) are facing water scarcity, which... more Many countries in the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa) are facing water scarcity, which poses a great challenge to agricultural production. Furthermore, water scarcity is projected to increase due to climate change, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. The integration of solar power and water desalination systems in greenhouses to overcome water shortages is one of the preferred technologies in crop-growing areas. Crop growth control is done through sufficient management of environmental climatic variables as well as the quantity and quality of water and applied fertilisers with irrigation. Numerous crops such as cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, lettuces, strawberries, flowers, and herbs can be grown under greenhouse conditions using desalinated water. This paper displays the state of the art in (i) solar-driven saltwater desalination to irrigate crops, (ii) the feasibility of water desalination for agriculture in the MENA region, (iii) the economics and environmental ...
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